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Characterization of the tribologically relevant cover layers formed on copper in oxygen and oxygen-free conditions

Friction 2023年第8期11卷 1505-1521页

作者： Selina RAUMEL Khemais BARIENTI Hoang-Thien LUU Nina MERKERT Folke DENCKER Florian NÜRNBERGER Hans Jürgen MAIER marc christopher wurz Institute of Micro Production Technology Leibniz Universität HannoverGarbsen 30823Germany Institut für Werkstoffkunde(Materials Science) Leibniz Universität HannoverGarbsen 30823Germany Institute of Applied Mechanics Clausthal University of TechnologyClausthal-Zellerfeld 38678Germany

Engineering in vacuum or under a protective atmosphere permits the production of materials, wherever the absence of oxygen is an essential demand for a successful processing. However, very few studies have provided quantitative evidence of the effect of oxidized surfaces to tribological properties. In the current study on 99.99% pure copper, it is revealed that tribo-oxidation and the resulting increased abrasive wear can be suppressed by processing in an extreme high vacuum (XHV) adequate environment. The XHV adequate atmosphere was realized by using a silane-doped shielding gas (1.5 vol% SiH4 in argon). To analyse the influence of the ambient atmosphere on the tribological and mechanical properties, a ball–disk tribometer and a nanoindenter were used in air, argon, and silane-doped argon atmosphere for temperatures up to 800 ℃. Resistance measurements of the resulting coatings were carried out. To characterize the microstructures and the chemical compositions of the samples, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used. The investigations have revealed a formation of η-Cu3Si in silane-doped atmosphere at 300 ℃, as well as various intermediate stages of copper silicides. At temperatures above 300 ℃, the formation of γ-Cu5Si were detected. The formation was linked to an increase in hardness from 1.95 to 5.44 GPa, while the Young’s modulus increased by 46% to 178 GPa, with the significant reduction of the wear volume by a factor of 4.5 and the suppression of further oxidation and susceptibility of chemical wear. In addition, the relevant diffusion processes were identified using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

关键词： wear behavior tribochemical reaction oxidation behavior surface analysis molecular dynamics(MD)simulation

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Effect of slab width on choice of appropriate casting speed in steel production

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2022年第1期29卷 71-79页

作者： Daniel christopher Merten marc-Thorsten Hütt Yilmaz Uygun Department of Mathematics and Logistics Jacobs University BremenBremen 28759Germany Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University BremenBremen 28759Germany

In steel continuous casting(CC),the choice of the appropriate speed at which the slab is cast can be influenced by many different factors and *** the slab thickness seems to have the biggest impact,other features like the slab width have been consistently *** fact,the slab width practically limits the casting speed via the mass flow constraint which governs the input and output balance at the ***,we present a case study that aims at analyzing steel production data from the perspective of casting speed *** studying the speed fluctuations of an industrial CC machine,we identify a strategic regime change toward a stricter consideration of the mass flow *** regime change manifests itself in a significant increase in the correlation between the actual casting speed and the maximal speed associated with the mass flow *** the surface,taking greater account of the input and output balance at the tundish has reduced the productivity of the continuous caster;however,one can argue that the lessened yield is compensated by a diminished risk of eventual slab *** the perspective of this trade-off,we establish a visualization technique that enables us to pinpoint the boundary beyond which one strategic regime becomes economically more advantageous than the other.

关键词： Continuous casting Casting speed Slab width Slab thickness Mass flow constraint Machine length constraint

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Disturbance cues in freshwater prey fishes： Does urea function as an ＇early warning cue＇ in juvenile convict cichlids and rainbow trout？

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 250-259页

作者： Grant E. BROWN christopher D. JACKSON Patrick H. MALKA Elisa JACQUES marc-Andre COUTURIER Department of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal Quebec H4B 1R6 CANADA

Freshwater vertebrate and invertebrate prey species commonly rely on chemosensory information, including non-injury released disturbance cues, to assess local predation threats. We conducted laboratory studies to （1） determine if urea can function as a disturbance cue in juvenile convict cichlids and rainbow trout and （2） determine if the background level of urea influences the behavioral response to a subsequent pulse of urea （＇background noise＇ hypothesis）. In the first series of trials, juve- nile cichlids and trout were exposed to urea at varying concentrations （0 to 0.5 mg L-1 for cichlids and 0 to 1.0 mg L1 for trout）. Our results suggest that both cichilds and trout exhibited functionally similar responses to urea and conspecific disturbance cues and that increasing the concentration of urea results in an increase intensity of antipredator behaviour. In the second series of trials, we pre-exposed cichlids or trout to intermediate or high concentrations of urea （or a distilled water control） and then tested for the response to a second pulse of urea at at intermediate or high concentrations （versus a distilled water control）. Our results demon- strate that pre-exposure to urea reduces or eliminates the response to a second pulse of urea, supporting the background noise hy- pothesis. Together, our results suggest that pulses of urea, released by disturbed or stressed individuals, may function as an early warning signal in freshwater prey species

关键词： Disturbance cue Metabolic wastes Chemosensory risk assessment Predator-prey interactions Convict cichlids Rainbow trout

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Electroplating for high aspect ratio vias in PCB manufacturing:enhancement capabilities of acoustic streaming

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Advances in Manufacturing 2013年第3期1卷 211-217页

作者： Nadezhda Strusevich marc P.Y.Desmulliez Eitan Abraham David Fiynn Thomas Jones Mayur Patel christopher Bailey School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences Old Royal Naval CollegeUniversity of Greenwich School of Engineering&Physical Sciences.Heriot-Watt University

This paper considers the copper electrodeposit ion processes in microvias and investigates whether the quality of the electroplating process can be improved by acoustic streaming using megasonic transducers placed into a plating cell. The theoretical results show that acoustic streaming does not take place within the micro-via （either through or blind-via＇ s）, however it does help improve cupric ion transport in the area close to the mouth of a via. This replenishment of cupric ions at the mouth of micro-via leads to better quality filling of the micro-via through diffusion compared to basic conditions. Experiments showing the improved quality of the filling of vias are also presented.

关键词： Electronics manufacturing Numericalmodelling High aspect ratio microvia Electroplating Megasonic agitation Acousticstreaming

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High quality genome sequences of thirteen Hypoxylaceae(Ascomycota)strengthen the phylogenetic family backbone and enable the discovery of new taxa

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Fungal Diversity 2021年第1期106卷 7-28页

作者： Daniel Wibberg marc Stadler christopher Lambert Boyke Bunk Cathrin Spröer Christian Rückert Jörn Kalinowski Russell JCox Eric Kuhnert Center for Biotechnology(CeBiTec) Bielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2733615 BielefeldGermany Department Microbial Drugs Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research(HZI)and German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF)Partner Site Hannover-BraunschweigInhoffenstrasse 738124 BraunschweigGermany Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures Inhoffenstraße 7B38124 BraunschweigGermany Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research(BMWZ) Institute for Organic ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverSchneiderberg 3830167 HannoverGermany

The Hypoxylaceae(Xylariales,Ascomycota)is a diverse family of mainly saprotrophic fungi,which commonly occur in angiosperm-dominated forests around the *** their importance in forest and plant ecology as well as a prolific source of secondary metabolites and enzymes,genome sequences of related taxa are scarce and usually derived from envi-ronmental *** address this lack of knowledge thirteen taxonomically well-defined representatives of the family and one member of the closely related Xylariaceae were genome sequenced using combinations of Illumina and Oxford nanopore technologies or PacBio *** workflow leads to high quality draft genome sequences with an average N50 of 3.0 Mbp.A backbone phylogenomic tree was calculated based on the amino acid sequences of 4912 core genes reflecting the current accepted taxonomic concept of the Hypoxylaceae.A Percentage of Conserved Proteins(POCP)analysis revealed that 70%of the proteins are conserved within the family,a value with potential application for the definition of family boundaries within the order ***,Hypomontagnella spongiphila is proposed as a new marine derived lineage of *** based on in-depth genomic comparison and morphological differences of the *** results showed that both species share 95%of their genes corresponding to more than 700 strain-specific *** difference is not reflected by standard taxonomic assessments(morphology of sexual and asexual morph,chemotaxonomy,phylogeny),preventing species delimitation based on traditional *** changes are likely to be the result of environmental adaptations and selective pressure,the driving force of *** data provide an important starting point for the establishment of a stable phylogeny of the Xylariales;they enable studies on evolution,ecological behavior and biosynthesis of natural products;and they significantly advance the taxonomy of fungi.

关键词： AAI ANI Cazyme Oxford nanopore Phylogenomics POCP Xylariales

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Lenormandins A—G,new azaphilones from Hypoxylon lenormandii and Hypoxylon jaklitschii ***.,recognised by chemotaxonomic data

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第2期71卷 165-184页

作者： Eric Kuhnert Frank Surup Esteban B.Sir christopher Lambert Kevin D.Hyde Adriana I.Hladki Andrea I.Romero marc Stadler Department of Microbial Drugs Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbHInhoffenstrasse 738124 BraunschweigGermany German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF) partner site Hannover-Braunschweig38124 BraunschweigGermany Fundación Miguel Lillo Institute of MycologyMiguel Lillo 251San Miguel de Tucumán 4000TucumánArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Av.Rivadavia 1917Buenos Aires C1033AAJArgentina Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology University of Buenos AiresInt.Güiraldes 2620Buenos Aires C1428EHAArgentina

Seven new azaphilone pigments named lenormandins A–G were isolated from stromata(fruiting bodies)of the xylariaceous fungus,Hypoxylon lenormandii using preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)and their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy,high resolution mass spectrometry and other spectral *** occurrence in herbarium specimens(including various type materials collected in the 19th and early 20th century)and several fresh collections was studied by analytical HPLC with diode array and mass spectrometric detection(HPLC-DAD/MS),revealing that this group of pigments is specific for Hypoxylon lenormandii from various geographic regions and otherwise only occurs in closely related taxa,*** and an undescribed fungus from Sri Lanka,for which we propose the name *** status of the new species was established by using molecular phylogenetic data based on ITS and partial beta-tubulin sequences,and by detailed morphological studies.

关键词： Chemotaxonomy Hypoxylon Phylogeny Secondary metabolites Systematics Xylariaceae

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Phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic resolution of the genus Annulohypoxylon(Xylariaceae)including four new species

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第4期85卷 1-43页

作者： Eric Kuhnert Esteban B.Sir christopher Lambert Kevin D.Hyde Adriana I.Hladki Andrea I.Romero Manfred Rohde marc Stadler Department of Microbial Drugs Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Infektionsforschung GmbHInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF) partner site Hannover-Braunschweig38124 BrunswickGermany Fundacion Miguel Lillo CONICETInstitute of MycologyMiguel Lillo 251San Miguel de Tucuman 4000TucumanArgentina Fundacion Miguel Lillo Institute of MycologyMiguel Lillo 251San Miguel de Tucuman 4000TucumanArgentina Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Instituto de Micologia y Botanica(INMIBO) UBACONICETDepto.Biodiversidad y Biologia ExperimentalFCENAv.Int.Guiraldes 2620C1428EHA Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos AiresArgentina Central Facility for Microscopy Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Infektionsforschung GmbHInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany

This study deals with an extensive evaluation focusing on phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic infrageneric relationships of the genus Annulohypoxylon(Xylariaceae,Ascomycota),whose species are ubiquitously associated with seed plants as endophytes and saprotrophs in all forested areas of the *** evidence from phylogenetic,chemotaxonomic and morphological data,various varieties within the genus are raised to species level,leading to the new combinations for ***(:*** ***),***(:*** ***),and ***(:*** ***).Annulohypoxylon substygium *** applied for *** *** the four new tropical and subtropical species ***,***,*** and *** are ***,*** is excluded from the genus as its morphological characters disagree with the generic concept,the recently erected *** is synonymized with *** and *** has been reassigned to the genus *** addition,the key taxa *** and *** have been reinvestigated and epitypes have been *** the first time,a dichotomous key to the genus is provided.A phylogenetic b-tubulin tree in conjunction with stromatal HPLC profiles clearly shows that Annulohypoxylon comprises two distinct *** ***/multiforme group might eventually warrant segregation into a new genus as further molecular data become available.

关键词： β-Tubulin Biodiversity Chemotaxonomy Phylogeny Systematics Xylariales

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The contribution of fungi to the global economy

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Fungal Diversity 2023年第4期121卷 95-137页

作者： Allen Grace T.Niego christopher Lambert Peter Mortimer Naritsada Thongklang Sylvie Rapior Miriam Grosse Hedda Schrey Esteban Charria‑Girón Arttapon Walker Kevin D.Hyde marc Stadler School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand Iloilo Science and Technology University La Paz5000 IloiloPhilippines Department Microbial Drugs Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany Institute of Microbiology Technische Universitat BraunschweigSpielmannstrase 738106 BrunswickGermany Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Laboratory of Botany Phytochemistry and MycologyFaculty of PharmacyCS 1449115 Avenue Charles Flahault34093 Montpellier Cedex 5France CEFE CNRSUniv MontpellierEPHEIRDCS 1449115 Avenue Charles Flahault34093 Montpellier Cedex 5France Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Institute for Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510225People’s Republic of China

Fungi provide ecological and environmental services to humans, as well as health and nutritional benefits, and are vital to numerousindustries. Fermented food and beverage products from fungi are circulating in the market, generating billions of ***, the highest potential monetary value of fungi is their role in blue carbon trading because of their ability to sequesterlarge amounts of carbon in the soil. There are no conclusive estimates available on the global monetary value of fungi, primarilybecause there are limited data for extrapolation. This study outlines the contribution of fungi to the global economy and providesa first attempt at quantifying the global monetary value of fungi. Our estimate of USD 54.57 trillion provides a starting point thatcan be analysed and improved, highlighting the significance of fungi and providing an appreciation of their value. This paperidentifies the different economically valuable products and services provided by fungi. By giving a monetary value to all importantfungal products, services, and industrial applications underscores their significance in biodiversity and conservation. Furthermore,if the value of fungi is well established, they will be considered in future policies for effective ecosystem management.

关键词： Fungi-based food Medicinal mushrooms Market value Environmental biotechnology

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Elucidation of the life cycle of the endophytic genus Muscodor and its transfer to Induratia in Induratiaceae fam. nov., based on a polyphasic taxonomic approach

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Fungal Diversity 2020年第2期101卷 177-210页

作者： Milan C.Samarakoon Benjarong Thongbai Kevin D.Hyde Mark Brönstrup Ulrike Beutling christopher Lambert Andrew N.Miller Jian‑Kui(Jack)Liu Itthayakorn Promputtha marc Stadler Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences132Lanhei RoadKunming 650201People’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006People’s Republic of China Department of Microbial Drugs Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbHInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Department of Chemical Biology Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbHInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany Illinois Natural History Survey University of Illinois1816 South Oak StreetChampaignIL 61820‑6970USA Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture Industry and MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand

Molecular phylogenetic studies of cultures derived from some specimens of plant-inhabiting Sordariomycetes using ITS,LSU,rpb2 and tub2 DNA sequence data revealed close affinities to strains of *** taxonomy of this biotechnologi-cally important genus,which exclusively consists of endophytes with sterile mycelia that produce antibiotic volatile secondary metabolites,was based on a rather tentative taxonomic *** though it was accommodated in Xylariaceae,its phylo-genetic position had so far remained *** phylogeny shows that Muscodor species have affinities to the xylarialean genera Emarcea and Induratia,which is corroborated by the fact that their sexual states produce characteristic *** data allow for the integration of Muscodor in Induratia,*** genus that was historically described *** multi-locus phylogenetic tree clearly revealed that a clade comprising Emarcea and Induratia forms a monophylum separate from representatives of Xylariaceae,for which we propose the new family *** time estimations revealed that Induratiaceae has been diverged from the Xylariaceae+Clypeosphaeriaceae clade at 93(69-119)million years ago(Mya)with the crown age of 61(39-85)Mya during the Cretaceous *** ascospore-derived cultures were studied for the production of volatile metabolites,using both,dual cultures for assessment of antimicrobial effects and extensive analyses using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The antimicrobial effects observed were significant,but not as strong as in the case of the previous reports on Muscodor *** GC-MS results give rise to some doubt on the validity of the previous identification of certain *** peaks in the GC-MS chromatograms could not be safely identified by database searches and may represent new natural *** isolation of these compounds by preparative chromatography and their subsequent characterisation by nuclear magnetic re

关键词： 9 new taxa 16 new combinations Biocontrol Endophytes Secondary metabolites Sordariomycetes

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Gender as an effect modifler in the relationship between hypertension and reticular pseudodrusen in patients with early or intermediate age-related macular degeneration

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第3期15卷 461-465页

作者： Nathaniel Gelinas Anne M.Lynch marc T.Mathias Alan G.Palestine Naresh Mandava Karen L christopher Jennifer L.Patnaik University of Colorado Retina Research Group Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIM: To determine whether the prevalence of treated hypertension is higher among males or females with early/intermediate(e/i) age-related macular degeneration(AMD) with and without bilateral reticular pseudodrusen(RPD).METHODS: Retrospective review of the records of patients with e/iAMD who were recruited into the University of Colorado AMD registry between July 2014 and November *** were classified using the Beckman Initiative criteria and presence/absence of *** were categorized into three groups: 1) e/iAMD with RPD;2) e/iAMD without RPD;3) control patients who did not have *** logistic regression analysis was used for adjusted analysis with odds ratios(OR) and confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS: There were 260 patients with e/iAMD of which 101 had bilateral RPD and 159 had no RPD, and 221 ***, 62% of patients were female and the three groups did not differ by *** stratified by gender, the female e/iAMD/RPD group had a higher prevalence of hypertension, 64.1% vs 45.2% for controls, OR=2.2(95%CI: 1.2-4.0).The frequency of hypertension in the e/iAMD/no RPD group was 54.1% and did not significantly differ from the control *** males, prevalence rates of treated hypertension did not *** is a significant interaction of hypertension and gender for the e/iAMD/RPD group such that women with e/iAMD who had RPD were significantly more likely to have hypertension(P=0.042).This relationship was not significant in the e/iAMD/no RPD group(P=0.269).CONCLUSION: Among females treated hypertension is significantly higher among e/iAMD/RPD patients, whereas for males there is no significant association.

关键词： reticular pseudodrusen hypertension gender intermediate age-related macular degeneration

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