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Evaluating the Importance of Apoptotic Index, Mitotic Index and Turnover Index in Premalignant and Malignant Lesions of Cervix

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Open Journal of Pathology 2015年第2期5卷 29-37页

作者： Subhash bhardwaj Farooq Ahmed Wani Department of Pathology Government Medical College Jammu India Department of Pathology Aljouf College of Medicine Sakaka KSA

Aim: To evaluate the premalignant and malignant lesions of the uterine cervix on light microscopy for apoptosis. To calculate and correlate the apoptotic index (AI), mitotic index (MI) and turnover index of the lesions. Materials and methods: A 2-year retrospective (November 2007 to October 2009) and 1-year prospective study (November 2009 to October 2010). A total of 95 cases of premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix were studied. The hematoxylin-eosin stained slides were screened for apoptosis under oil immersion lens. Apoptotic index (AI) was calculated as the number of Apoptotic cells and Apoptotic bodies, expressed as percentage of total no. of tumour cells counted in each case. Mitotic index (MI) was calculated by counting mitosis among 1000 tumour cells. Turnover index (TOI) was obtained by adding MI and AI, i.e., (TOI = MI + AI). After calculating, all these indices were correlated with different grades of the cervical lesions. Results: Premalignant lesions were divided into four subgroups. On statistical analysis, it was found that the difference in the apoptotic indices and turnover indices in all the four subgroups was not statistically significant. However for mitotic indices, significant statistical difference was found in Subgroup II (mild dysplasia vs. moderate dysplasia) with a p value of 0.03 and in subgroup IV (squamous metaplasia vs. moderate/severe dysplasia) with a p value of 0.0005. Within the malignant group, we compared well differentiated with less well differentiated subgroup. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in TOI between the two subgroups of malignant tumours (p = 0.04). Statistical comparison between premalignant and malignant group of lesions showed a highly significant difference between the AI, MI and TOI with p value of 0.0001. Conclusion: We conclude that proliferative and apoptotic indices are useful in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions of the cervix. Proliferative activity of a lesion

关键词： Apoptosis Apoptotic Index Mitosis Cervical Carcinoma

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Protease Inhibitors in Wild Relatives of Pigeonpea against the Cotton Bollworm/Legume Pod Borer, <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第5期3卷 627-635页

作者： Vinod D. Parde Hari C. Sharma manvendra S. Kachole Department of Biochemistry Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Patancheru India

Cotton bollworm/legume pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most damaging pests worldwide. Be-cause of the difficulties associated with chemical control of this pest, emphasis has been placed on developing transgenic plants with resistance to H. armigera. Since toxin genes from the bacterium, Bacillus thuringien-sis (Bt) have been deployed on a large scale, there is need to scout for alternate genes which could be deployed alone or in combination with the Bt genes for pest management. Therefore, we evaluated the wild relatives of pigeonpea, which have shown high levels of resistance to this pest, for the protease inhibitors (PIs) under in vivo and in vitro inhibitions. Accessions belonging to Cajanus albicans, C. cajanifolius, C. sericeus, Flemingia bracteata, and Rhynchosia bracteata showed complete inhibition of H. armigera gut proteinases (HaGPs). Some of the C. scarabaeoides accessions (ICPW 116, 152, 278 and 280) exhibited partial inhibition at low concentrations of the PIs. All accessions of wild relatives of pigeonpea showed high to moderate level of inhibition at pH 7.8. Cultivated pigeonpea, ICPL 87 exhibited monomorphism in terms of trypsin inhibitor (TI) and chymotrypsin inhibitor (CTI) isoforms, contrary to the diverse inhibitory profiles of wild pigeonpeas. Cajanus albicans, C. platycarpus, C. scarabaeoides, and R. bracteata showed more number of TI and CTI bands than the cultivated pigeonpea. Protease inhibitor isoforms of wild relatives of pigeonpea showed significant variation in number, band pattern, and protein specificities towards trypsin, chymotrypsin, and H. armigera gut proteinases (HaGPs) as compared to the cultivated pigeonpea. The PIs from the wild relatives of pigeonpea showed considerable potential against the HaGPs, and could be considered as potential candidates for use in genetic transformation of crops for pest management, including H. armigera.

关键词： Wild Relatives Pigeonpea Protease Inhibitors Helicoverpa armigera Transgenic Plants Pest Management

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Stochastic Model of a Cold-Stand by System with Waiting for Arrival &Treatment of Server

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American Journal of Operations Research 2016年第4期6卷 334-342页

作者： Rohtash K. bhardwaj Ravinder Singh Department of Statistics Punjabi University Patiala India

The service facility or server is the key constituent to keep a system operational for desired period of time. As any eventuality with the system necessitates immediate presence of it (server) so the time point of arrival and treatment of server significantly affects the system performance. This paper works out the steady state behavior of a cold standby system equipped with two similar units and a server with elapsed arrival and treatment times following general probability distributions. It practices the theory of semi-Markov processes, regenerative point technique and Laplace transforms to derive the expressions for state transition probabilities, mean sojourn times, mean time to system failure, system availability, server busy period and expected frequencies of repairs and treatments. The profit function is also developed taking different costs and revenue in to account. For tracing wider applicability of the model for different reliability and cost-effective systems, a particular case study is also presented as an illustration.

关键词： Stochastic Model Cold-Standby System Server Failure Regenerative Point Arrival and Treatment Times

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Assessment of Above-and Below-Ground Carbon Pools in a Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest Ecosystem of Bhopal, India

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2020年第4期8卷 60-76页

作者： Subhajit KARMAKAR Bhabani Sankar PRADHAN Ankit bhardwaj B.K.PAVAN Rishabh CHATURVEDI Pradeep CHAUDHRY Indian Institute of Forest Management

This study estimated 18.35 Mg C/ha in standing biomass of natural forest and 15 Mg C/ha in Hardwickia binata Roxb. plantation in a tropical dry deciduous forest located in the capital city of Madhya Pradesh. The study area of Indian Institute of Forest Management(IIFM), Bhopal,resembled a degraded dry scrubland in 1988 and for over about three decades, the degraded forest recovered remarkably, and ecological processes evolved favorably with canopy cover reaching over 60% in some patches and about 50% in general at most part of the campus. The study was conducted in 18 randomly laid plots in natural forest and over one-acre(0.405-ha) plantation area of Hardwickia binata for assessing the above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass and subsequent carbon content. The lower-diameter classes accounted for the maximum above-ground biomass, basal area and tree density. The forest is predominantly occupied by Leucaena leucocephala, an exotic tree species which showed higher standing biomass carbon storage of 3.79 Mg C/ha followed by Holoptelea integrifolia(2.11 Mg C/ha), Azadirachta indica(1.29 Mg C/ha),Gardenia latifolia(1.26 Mg C/ha) and Lannea coromandelica(1.24 Mg C/ha) besides Hardwickia binata plantation(15 Mg C/ha). It is recommended to plant and promote local native tree species in the urban forests of tropical dry deciduous nature as a means to mitigate climate change effects.

关键词： Above-ground biomass carbon stock basal area urban forest tropical dry deciduous forest carbon dioxide sequestration

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Contact Dermatitis With the Homoeopathic Medicine Calendula officinalis:A Rare Case Report

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International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2023年第2期6卷 115-117页

作者： Ankit bhardwaj Shoma Mukherjee Mukesh Manjhi Department of Pharmacology UCMS&GTB HospitalDilshad GardenDelhi 110095India Department of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences&ResearchSharda University Knowledge Park-ⅢGreater NoidaUP201310India Department of Dermatology&Venerology Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences&Research New Delhi 110062India

Introduction:Herbal medicines and other traditional medicines are well accepted in India and are readily available as over-the-counter *** their increased use,the safety and quality of homoeopathic medicines have become a major concern for health authorities,pharmaceutical industries,and *** is difficult to assess the adverse effects of homoeopathic medicines due to a lack of scientific evidence regarding their safety and efficacy in clinical trials or post-marketing ***,we reported a patient with contact dermatitis due to the homoeopathic medicine Calendula *** presentation:A 33-year-old previously healthy woman presented with pruritus,redness,and swelling over the entire face and upper *** symptoms developed within about 1 hour after the use of a homoeopathic skin ointment containing 2%Calendula officinalis as the major ingredient in an aqueous *** examination revealed periorbital edema and facial swelling with multiple vesicular eruptions over erythematous edematous plaques on the face.A clinical diagnosis of contact dermatitis was ***:Many herbal preparations in India are available without safety *** officinalis extract(oil expressed from seeds)is used in various skin *** exact allergens present in Calendula officinalis are unknown,but the flowers reportedly contain a variety of phenolic acids and phenylpropanoids that have elicited contact ***:Anecdotal case reports of accidental exposure/sensitization and experimental studies provide sufficient evidence to confirm the causal relationship between contact dermatitis with Calendula *** surveillance of all homoeopathic medicines should be mandatory,and the availability of such preparations as over-the-counter drugs must be restricted.

关键词： homoeopathic medicine Calendula officinalis contact dermatitis

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