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Enhanced in-vitro degradation resistance and cytocompatibility of a thermomechanically processed novel Mg alloy:Insights into the role of microstructural attributes

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 700-725页

作者： Darothi Bairagi Santanu mandal Mangal Roy Manas Paliwal Sumantra mandal Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpur 721302India

The role of microstructural features on in-vitro degradation and surface film development of a thermomechanically processed Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca-0.8Mn alloy has been investigated employing electrochemical studies,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The specimen forged at 523 K temperature developed a coarse unimodal microstructure consisting of basal oriented grains,whereas the specimens forged at 623 K and 723 K temperatures exhibited bimodal microstructures containing randomly oriented fine grains and basal oriented coarse grains.The bimodal microstructures exerted higher resistance to corrosion compared to the unimodal microstructure in presence of a protective surface film.The optimum size distribution of fine and coarse grains as well as the prevalence of basal oriented grains led to the lowest anodic current density in the specimen forged at 623 K.The morphology of Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)precipitates governed the cathodic kinetics by controlling the anode to cathode surface area ratio.Despite the specimen forged at 723 K comprised comparatively lower fraction of precipitates than at 623 K,the mesh-like precipitate morphology increased the effective cathodic surface area,leading to enhanced localised corrosion in the former specimen.Optimal microstructural features developed at 623 K forging temperature formed a well-protective surface film with lower Mg(OH)_(2)to MgO ratio,exhibiting distinctly high polarization resistance and superior cytocompatibility in terms of cell-proliferation and cell-differentiation.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Microstructure Corrosion Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Cytotoxicity

Effect of metal fractions on rice grain metal uptake and biological parameters in mica mines waste contaminated soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 313-324页

作者： Saibal Ghosh Sandip Mondal Jajati mandal Abhishek Mukherjee Pradip Bhattacharyya Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit Indian Statistical InstituteGiridihJharkhand 815301India School of Science Engineering&EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordManchester M54WTUK

Heavy metals from mica waste not only deteriorate the soil quality but also results in the uptake of metals in the crop.The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of different fractions of metals on the uptake in rice,soil microbial and biochemical properties in mica waste-contaminated soils of Jharkhand,India.From each active mine,soil samples were randomly collected at distances of100 m(zone 3).Sequential metal extraction was used to determine the fractions of different metals(nickel(Ni),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr)and lead(Pb))including water-soluble(Ws)and exchangeable metals(Ex),carbonate-bound metals(CBD),Fe/Mn oxide(OXD)bound metals,organically bound metals(ORG),and residues(RS).The Ni,Cr,Cd and Pb in rice grain were 0.83±0.41,0.41±0.19,0.21±0.14 and 0.17±0.08 mg/kg respectively.From the variable importance plot of the random forest(RF)algorithm,the Ws fraction of Ni,Cr and Cd and Ex fraction of Pb was the most important predictor for rice grain metal content.Further,the partial dependence plots(PDP)give us an insight into the role of the two most important metal fractions on rice grain metal content.The microbial and enzyme activity was significantly and negatively correlated with Ws and Ex metal fractions,indicating that water-soluble and exchangeable fractions exert a strong inhibitory effect on the soil microbiological parameters and enzyme activities.

关键词： Metal fractions Microbial parameters Mica waste soil Soil enzymes Rice Random forest

Protected simultaneous quantum remote state preparation scheme by weak and reversal measurements in noisy environments

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 169-177页

作者： mandal Manoj Kumar Choudhury Binayak S. Samanta Soumen Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and TechnologyShibpur B.GardenHowrah 711103West BengalIndia

We discuss a quantum remote state preparation protocol by which two parties, Alice and Candy, prepare a single-qubit and a two-qubit state, respectively, at the site of the receiver Bob. The single-qubit state is known to Alice while the two-qubit state which is a non-maximally entangled Bell state is known to Candy. The three parties are connected through a single entangled state which acts as a quantum channel. We first describe the protocol in the ideal case when the entangled channel under use is in a pure state. After that, we consider the effect of amplitude damping(AD) noise on the quantum channel and describe the protocol executed through the noisy channel. The decrement of the fidelity is shown to occur with the increment in the noise parameter. This is shown by numerical computation in specific examples of the states to be created. Finally, we show that it is possible to maintain the label of fidelity to some extent and hence to decrease the effect of noise by the application of weak and reversal measurements. We also present a scheme for the generation of the five-qubit entangled resource which we require as a quantum channel. The generation scheme is run on the IBMQ platform.

关键词： multi-qubit entangled channel quantum remote state preparation noisy environments weak and reversal measurements

Resistance and resilience of soil biological indicators:A case study with multi-walled carbon nanotube

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 664-675页

作者： Shagufta YASMEEN Nintu mandal Anupam DAS Pritam GANGULY Sanjay KUMAR Rajiv RAKSHIT Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Bihar Agricultural UniversitySabourBhagalpur 813210(India) Department of Agronomy Bihar Agricultural UniversitySabourBhagalpur 813210(India)

Soil ecosystem is experiencing stresses due to climate change,and soil inhabitants try to demonstrate their inherent resistance and resilience against those stresses.Application of nanomaterials as agricultural inputs could bring shifts in resistance and resilience patterns of soil microbes and associated enzymes,especially under short-term heat stress.With this background,the impacts of multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)on the resistance and resilience of soil biological indicators were evaluated.An incubation experiment was conducted with varied MWCNT concentrations(0,50,100,250,and 500 mg kg-1soil)for 90 d after 24-h heat stress at 48±2?C to assess the impacts of MWCNT on soil enzyme activities and microbial populations vis-à-vis their resistance and resilience indices under short-term exposure to heat stress.Enzyme activities were reduced after exposure to heat stress.Resistance indices of enzyme activities were enhanced by MWCNT application on day 1 after heat stress,whereas there was no recovery of enzyme activities after 90-d incubation.Like soil enzyme activities,resistance index values of soil microbial populations followed the similar trend and were improved by MWCNT application.Multi-walled carbon nanotube has the potential to improve resistance indices of soil enzyme activities and microbial populations under heat stress,although they could not recover to their original state during periodical incubation after heat stress.This study helps to understand the relative changes of biological indicators under MWCNT and their ability to withstand heat stress.

关键词： enzyme activity heat stress microbial population nanomaterial recovery

Appraisal of pollution and health risks associated with coal mine contaminated soil using multimodal statistical and Fuzzy-TOPSIS approaches

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 101-115页

作者： Sumit Kumar Sonali Banerjee Saibal Ghosh Santanu Majumder Jajati mandal Pankaj Kumar Roy Pradip Bhattacharyya Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit Indian Statistical InstituteGiridih815301India Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Bournemouth University(Talbot Campus)Fern BarrowPooleBH12 5BBUK School of Sciences Engineering & EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordSalfordM5 4QJUK School of Water Resource Engineering Jadavpur UniversityKolkata700032India School of Environmental Studies Jadavpur UniversityKolkata700032India

The present study assesses the concentration,probabilistic risk,source classification,and dietary risk arising from heavy metal(HMs)pollution in agricultural soils affected by coal mining in eastern part of India.Analyses of soil and rice plant indicated significantly elevated levels of HMs beyond the permissible limit in the contaminated zones(zone 1:PbSoil:108.24±72.97,CuSoil:57.26±23.91,CdSoil:8.44±2.76,CrSoil:180.05±46.90,NiSoil:70.79±25.06 mg/kg;PbGrain:0.96±0.8,CuGrain:8.6±5.1,CdGrain:0.65±0.42,CrGrain:4.78±1.89,NiGrain:11.74±4.38 mg/kg.zone 2:PbSoil:139.56±69.46,CuSoil:69.89±19.86,CdSoil:8.95±2.57,CrSoil:245.46±70.66,NiSoil:95.46±22.89 mg/kg;PbGrain:1.27±0.84,CuGrain:7.9±4.57,CdGrain:0.76±0.43,CrGrain:8.6±1.58,NiGrain:11.50±2.46 mg/kg)compared to the uncontaminated zone(zone 3).Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were computed based on the HMs concentration in the soil and rice grain,with Pb,Cr,and Ni identified as posing a high risk to human health.Monte Carlo simulation,the solubility-free ion activity model(FIAM),and severity adjusted margin of exposure(SAMOE)were employed to predict health risk.FIAM hazard quotient(HQ)values for Ni,Cr,Cd,and Pb were>1,indicating a significant non-carcinogenic risk.SAMOE(risk thermometer)results for contaminated zones ranged from low to moderate risk(CrSAMOE:0.05,and NiSAMOE:0.03).Fuzzy-TOPSIS and variable importance plots(from random forest)showed that Ni and Cr were mostly responsible for the toxicity in the rice plant,respectively.A self-organizing map for source classification revealed common origin for the studied HMs with zone 2 exhibiting the highest contamination.The positive matrix factorization model for the source apportionment identified coal mining and transportation as the predominant sources of HMs.Spatial distribution analysis indicated higher contamination near mining sites as compared to distant sampling sites.Consequently,this study will aid environmental scientists and policymakers controlling HM pollution in agricultural soils near coal m

关键词： Coal mine Free ion activity model Monto Carlo Simulation Pollution and Health risk Fuzzy-TOPSIS

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非厄米趋肤效应的赝磁抑制

Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1667-1673页

作者：张浩田 Subhaskar mandal 龙洋薛昊冉张柏乐 Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore

It has recently been shown that the non-Hermitian skin effect can be suppressed by magnetic fields. In this work, using a two-dimensional tight-binding lattice, we demonstrate that a pseudomagnetic field can also lead to the suppression of the non-Hermitian skin effect. With an increasing pseudomagnetic field, the skin modes are found to be pushed into the bulk, accompanied by the reduction of skin topological area and the restoration of Landau level energies. Our results provide a time-reversal invariant route to localization control and could be useful in various classical wave devices that are able to host the non-Hermitian skin effect but inert to magnetic fields.

关键词： Non-Hermitian skin effect Pseudomagnetic field Nonreciprocity Landau levels

Glacier area change (1993-2019) and its relationship to debris cover, proglacial lakes, and morphological parameters in the Chandra-Bhaga Basin, Western Himalaya, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1287-1306页

作者： VATSAL Sarvagya AZAM Mohd Farooq BHARDWAJ Anshuman mandal Arindan BAHUGUNA Ishmohan RAMANATHAN Alagappan RAJU N.Janardhana TOMAR Sangita Singh Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology IndoreSimrol 453552India School of Geosciences University of AberdeenKing’s CollegeAberdeen AB243FXUnited Kingdom Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research Indian Institute of ScienceBengaluru 560012India Space Application Centre Ahmedabad 380015India School of Environmental Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi 110067India Department of Geography Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim No-7491Norway

Glacier inventories serve as critical baseline data for understanding the impacts of climate change on glaciers.The present study maps the outlines of glaciers in the Chandra-Bhaga Basin(western Himalaya)for the years 1993,2000,2010,and 2019 using Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM),Enhanced Thematic Mapper(ETM),and Operational Land Imager(OLI)datasets.A total of 251 glaciers,each having an area above 0.5 km^(2),were identified,which include 216 clean-ice and 35 debris-covered glaciers.Area changes are estimated for three periods:1993-2000,2000-2010,and 2010-2019.The total glacierized area was 996±62 km^(2) in 1993,which decreased to 973±70 km^(2) in 2019.The mean rate of glacier area loss was higher in the recent decade(2010-2019),at 0.036 km^(2),compared to previous decades(0.029 km^(2) in 2000-2010 and 0.025 km^(2) in 1993-2000).Supraglacial debris cover changes are also mapped over the period of 1993 and 2019.It is found that the supraglacial debris cover increased by 14.12±2.54 km^(2)(15.2%)during 1993-2019.Extensive field surveys on Chhota Shigri,Panchi II,Patsio,Hamtah,Mulkila,and Yoche Lungpa glaciers were carried out to validate the glacier outlines and supraglacial debris cover estimated using satellite datasets.Controls of various morphological parameters on retreat were also analyzed.It is observed that small,clean ice,south oriented glaciers,and glaciers with proglacial lakes are losing area at faster rates than other glaciers in the basin.

关键词： Glacier Area change Debris cover Morphology Proglacial lake

C-MEMS-derived glassy carbon electrochemical biosensors for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第6期9卷 247-260页

作者： Naresh mandal Raja Mitra Bidhan Pramanick School of Electrical Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Goa403401 PondaGoaIndia School of Chemical and Materials Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Goa403401 PondaGoaIndia Centre of Excellence in Particulates Colloids and Interfaces Indian Institute of Technology Goa403401 PondaGoaIndia school of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Goa403401 PondaGoaIndia

According to a World Health Organization(WHO)report,the world has experienced more than 766 million cases of positive SARS-CoV-2 infection and more than 6.9 million deaths due to COVID through May 2023.The WHO declared a pandemic due to the rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus,and the fight against this pandemic is not over yet.Important reasons for virus spread include the lack of detection kits,appropriate detection techniques,delay in detection,asymptomatic cases and failure in mass screening.In the last 3 years,several researchers and medical companies have introduced successful test kits to detect the infection of symptomatic patients in real time,which was necessary to monitor the spread.However,it is also important to have information on asymptomatic cases,which can be obtained by antibody testing for the SARS-CoV-2 virus.In this work,we developed a simple,advantageous immobilization procedure for rapidly detecting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.Carbon-MEMS-derived glassy carbon(GC)is used as the sensor electrode,and the detection is based on covalently linking the SARS-CoV-2 antibody to the GC surface.Glutaraldehyde was used as a cross-linker between the antibody and glassy carbon electrode(GCE).The binding was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)characterization and cyclic voltammetric(CV)analysis.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)was utilized to measure the change in total impedance before and after incubation of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody with various concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.The developed sensor can sense 1 fg/ml to 1µg/ml SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.This detection is label-free,and the chances of false positives are minimal.The calculated LOD was~31 copies of viral RNA/mL.The coefficient of variation(CV)number is calculated from EIS data at 100 Hz,which is found to be 0.398%.The developed sensor may be used for mass screening because it is cost-effective.

关键词： glassy impedance linking

A comprehensive review on biocompatible Mg-based alloys as temporary orthopaedic implants:Current status,challenges,and future prospects

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第3期10卷 674-722页

作者： Darothi Bairagi Sumantra mandal Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpur 721302India

Mg and its alloys are drawing huge attention since the last two decades as a viable option for temporary implants applications.A commendable progress has already been made in the development of these alloys.The biodegradable nature of Mg,appreciable biocompatibility of elemental Mg,and its close resemblance to natural bone in terms of density and elastic modulus make them highly preferable option amongst other available alternatives in this field.This review article presents an overview covering the recent advancements made in the field of Mg-based biodegradable implants for orthopaedic implant applications.The paper focuses on alloy development and fabrication techniques,the state of the art of important Mg-based alloy systems in terms of their mechanical properties,in-vitro and in-vivo degradation behaviour and cytotoxicity.Further,the paper reviews the current progress achieved in the clinical transition of Mg-based alloys for orthopaedic fixtures.The review also includes the degradation mechanisms of the alloys in physiological environment and highlights the mismatch existing between the rate of bone healing and alloy degradation due to rapid corrosion of the alloys in such environment,which has still restricted their widespread application.Finally,the surface coating techniques available for the alloys as an effective way to reduce the degradation rate are reviewed,followed by a discussion on the future research prospects.

关键词： Mg-based alloys Biomaterials Temporary implants Biocompatibility Degradation behaviour orthopaedic fixtures.