In this work, an effort has been designed to raise the reliability of engine using Al-Sic composites with other alternatively materials for the engine valve guides. Aluminum matrix composites have found the most suita...
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In this work, an effort has been designed to raise the reliability of engine using Al-Sic composites with other alternatively materials for the engine valve guides. Aluminum matrix composites have found the most suitable inside automotive, aerospace and aircraft industries and contain the greatest promise for future year’s growth. The finite element analysis of the Al-Sic composite with Titanium alloy (Ti-834), Copper Nickel Silicon alloys (CuNi3Si), and aluminum bronze alloy as an alternative material for engine valve guide was done using Ansys 13.0 software. The stress analysis of engine valve guide under the different pressure and temperature is considered, the pressure is taken as from 10 MPa to 100 MPa with different temperatures varying from 600℃ to 650℃. The temperature, principal stress and principal strain distribution on the entire surface area of the engine valve guide were obtained. The stresses were observed to be well below the permitted stress for all the materials but the Al-Sic composites found the most suitable one. Valve guide is modeled in pro-engineer software and analysis is carried out in Ansys 13.0. The deformations and stresses induced due to structural and thermal loading is illustrated and discussed.
This paper explores the impact of high public debt on long-run economic growth. The analysis, based on a panel of advanced and emerging economies over almost four decades, takes into account a broad range of determina...
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This paper explores the impact of high public debt on long-run economic growth. The analysis, based on a panel of advanced and emerging economies over almost four decades, takes into account a broad range of determinants of growth as well as various estimation issues including reverse causality and endogeneity. In addition, threshold effects, nonlinearities, and differences between advanced and emerging market economies are examined. The empirical results suggest an inverse relationship between initial debt and subsequent growth, controlling for other determinants of growth: on average, a 10 percentage point increase in the initial debt-to-GDP ratio is associated with a slowdown in annual real per capita GDP growth of around 0.2 percentage points per year, with the impact being somewhat smaller in advanced economies. There is some evidence of nonlinearity with higher levels of initial debt having a proportionately larger negative effect on subsequent growth. Analysis of the components of growth suggests that the adverse effect largely reflects a slowdown in labor productivity growth mainly due to reduced investment and slower growth of capital stock.
2008年全球金融危机后,国际社会愈发重视金融担保品在维护金融稳定中发挥的重要作用,新兴市场证券逐步走入国际视野。在此背景下,2021年,国际货币基金组织(IMF)发表了工作论文《新兴市场证券加入全球金融管网》(Emerging Market Securities Access to Global Plumbing),从金融担保品跨境转移的经济学视角,提出了对促进新兴市场证券加入全球金融管网的思考和建议。中央结算公司征得IMF授权,翻译该论文,希望为人民币债券担保品加入全球金融管网带来启发。
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