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Enhanced in-vitr. degr.dation r.sistance and cytocompatibility of a ther.omechanically pr.cessed novel Mg alloy:Insights into the r.le of micr.str.ctur.l attr.butes

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Jour.al of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 700-725页

作者： Dar.thi Bair.gi Santanu Mandal Mangal r.y manas Paliwal Sumantr. Mandal Depar.ment of Metallur.ical and Mater.als Engineer.ng Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpur 721302India

The r.le of micr.str.ctur.l featur.s on in-vitr. degr.dation and sur.ace film development of a ther.omechanically pr.cessed Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca-0.8Mn alloy has been investigated employing electr.chemical studies,scanning electr.n micr.scopy and X-r.y photoelectr.n *** specimen for.ed at 523 K temper.tur. developed a coar.e unimodal micr.str.ctur. consisting of basal or.ented gr.ins,wher.as the specimens for.ed at 623 K and 723 K temper.tur.s exhibited bimodal micr.str.ctur.s containing r.ndomly or.ented fine gr.ins and basal or.ented coar.e *** bimodal micr.str.ctur.s exer.ed higher.r.sistance to cor.osion compar.d to the unimodal micr.str.ctur. in pr.sence of a pr.tective sur.ace *** optimum size distr.bution of fine and coar.e gr.ins as well as the pr.valence of basal or.ented gr.ins led to the lowest anodic cur.ent density in the specimen for.ed at 623 *** mor.hology of Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)pr.cipitates gover.ed the cathodic kinetics by contr.lling the anode to cathode sur.ace ar.a *** the specimen for.ed at 723 K compr.sed compar.tively lower.fr.ction of pr.cipitates than at 623 K,the mesh-like pr.cipitate mor.hology incr.ased the effective cathodic sur.ace ar.a,leading to enhanced localised cor.osion in the for.er.*** micr.str.ctur.l featur.s developed at 623 K for.ing temper.tur. for.ed a well-pr.tective sur.ace film with lower.Mg(OH)_(2)to MgO r.tio,exhibiting distinctly high polar.zation r.sistance and super.or.cytocompatibility in ter.s of cell-pr.lifer.tion and cell-differ.ntiation.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Micr.str.ctur. Cor.osion Electr.chemical impedance spectr.scopy X-r.y photoelectr.n spectr.scopy Cytotoxicity

r.dent biology and ecologically based r.dent management(EBr.)-25 year. of pr.gr.ss thr.ugh pr.moting multidisciplinar. r.sear.h

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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Gr.nt r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS r.odes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIr. Health and Biosecur.ty Canberra ACT Australia Afr.can Centr. of Excellence for.Innovative r.dent Pest Management and Biosensor.Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“Dur.ng r.dent outbr.ak year. in easter. Afr.ca,lo-cally,mor. than 80%of the potential har.est may be lost,but even in non-outbr.ak per.ods,r.dents cause chr.nic damage to cr.ps….The pest r.dent stor. in Afr.ca in-volves sever.l species embedded in a br.ad and var.able landscape with highly var.able densities.”(Leir. et al.2010).

关键词： damage cr.ps

Pr.valence estimates of Opisthor.his viver.ini and Clonor.his sinensis infection in the Gr.ater.Mekong subr.gion:a systematic r.view and meta-analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Pover.y 2024年第3期13卷 11-25页

作者： Por.phutthachat Sota Mor.id Andityas manas Kotepui Banchob Sr.pa WHO Collabor.ting Centr. for.r.sear.h and Contr.l of Opisthor.hiasis(Southeast Asian Liver.Fluke Disease) Tropical Disease Research CenterKhon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand Faculty of Veter.nar. Medicine Khon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand Depar.ment of Bior.sour.es Technology and Veter.nar. Veterinary Technology Study ProgramVocational CollegeUniversitas Gadjah MadaDepokIndonesia School of Allied Health Sciences Walailak UniversityNakhon Si ThammaratThailand Depar.ment of Tr.pical Medicine Faculty of MedicineKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen 40002Thailand Medical Technology Pr.gr.m Faculty of ScienceNakhon Phanom UniversityNakhon PhanomThailand

Backgr.und Opisthor.hiasis and clonor.hiasis,caused by Opisthor.his viver.ini and Clonor.his sinensis,r.spectively,ar. significant yet neglected foodbor.e tr.matodiases in the Gr.at Mekong Subr.gion(GMS).Despite the r.por.ing of the pr.valence of these human liver.flukes in the r.gion over.the past decades,ther. has been a lack of a compr.hensive and systematic consolidation of this ***,we aimed to conduct a thor.ugh systematic r.view and meta-analysis to synthesize and analyze time-tr.nd pr.valence estimates of both *** and *** acr.ss the GMS for.the past 30 *** This study under.akes a systematic r.view using a compr.hensive sear.h for.published ar.icles in PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,Cochr.ne and Thai Jour.al Online databases until ear.y *** pooled pr.valence of *** and *** infection was analyzed thr.ugh a r.ndom-effects meta-analysis,with meta-r.gr.ssion analysis used to quantify associations with study ***-gr.up analysis was conducted,whenever.compar.son data wer. available,to assess the r.sk of *** and *** infection in each GMS *** among studies was assessed using the Q statistic and quantified by using the I^(2)*** Fr.m a total of 2997 ar.icles,155 ar.icles compr.sing 218 datasets and 751,108 par.icipants wer. included for.*** GMS pr.valence of *** was 21.11%[45,083/260,237;95%confidence inter.al(CI):17.74-24.47%].Pooled pr.valence estimates wer. highly obser.ed in Laos(34.06%,95%CI:26.85-41.26%),followed by Thailand(18.19%,95%CI:13.86-22.51%),and Cambodia(10.48%,95%CI:5.52-15.45%).Myanmar.and Vietnam had limited data sour.es for.*** sinensis infection in GMS was 25.33%(95%CI:18.32-32.34%),with Guangxi,China,exhibiting the highest pr.valence r.tes at 26.89%(95%CI:18.34-35.43%),while Vietnam had a pr.valence r.te of 20.30%(95%CI:9.13-31.47%).*** pr.valence decr.ased significantly over.time,wher.as *** infec

关键词： Gr.at Mekong subr.gion Human Meta-analysis

Seasonal Pr.diction of Indian Summer.Monsoon Using Wr.: A Dynamical Downscaling Per.pective

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Open Jour.al of Modelling and Simulation 2024年第1期12卷 1-32页

作者： manas r.njan Mohanty Uma Char.n Mohanty Depar.ment of Atmospher.c and Oceanic Sciences University of California Los Angeles USA Centr. for.Climate Smar. Agr.cultur. Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to Be University Odisha India

Seasonal for.casting of the Indian summer.monsoon by dynamically downscaling the CFSv2 output using a high r.solution Wr. model over.the hindcast per.od of 1982-2008 has been per.or.ed in this study. The Apr.l star. ensemble mean of the CFSv2 has been used to pr.vide the initial and later.l boundar. conditions for.dr.ving the Wr.. The Wr. model is integr.ted fr.m 1st May thr.ugh 1st October.for.each monsoon season. The analysis suggests that the Wr. exhibits potential skill in impr.ving the r.infall skill as well as the seasonal patter. and minimizes the meteor.logical er.or. as compar.d to the par.nt CFSv2 model. The r.infall patter. is simulated quite closer.to the obser.ation (IMD) in the Wr. model over.CFSv2 especially over.the significant r.infall r.gions of India such as the Wester. Ghats and the centr.l India. Pr.bability distr.butions of the r.infall show that the r.infall is impr.ved with the Wr.. However. the Wr. simulates copious amounts of r.infall over.the easter. coast of India. Sur.ace and upper.air.meteor.logical par.meter. show that the Wr. model impr.ves the simulation of the lower.level and upper.level winds, MSLP, CAPE and PBL height. The specific humidity pr.files show substantial impr.vement along the ver.ical column of the atmospher. which can be dir.ctly r.lated to the net pr.cipitable water. The CFSv2 under.stimates the specific humidity along the ver.ical which is cor.ected by the Wr. model. Over.the Bay of Bengal, the Wr. model over.stimates the CAPE and specific humidity which may be attr.buted to the copious amount of r.infall along the easter. coast of India. r.sidual heating pr.files also show that the Wr. impr.ves the ther.odynamics of the atmospher. over.700 hPa and 400 hPa levels which helps in impr.ving the r.infall simulation. Impr.vement in the land sur.ace fluxes is also witnessed in the Wr. model.

关键词： Dynamical Downscaling r.gional and Mesoscale Modeling Diabatic Heating Wr.

Fr.eze-thaw cycles and associated geomor.hology in a post-glacial envir.nment:cur.ent glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and pr.glacial scenar.os at Pico de Or.zaba volcano,Mexico

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Jour.al of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1954-1977页

作者： Víctor.SOTO Car.os M.WELSH r. Kenji YOSHIKAWA Hugo DELGADO Gr.NADOS Centr. de Ciencias de la Tier.a Universidad VeracruzanaCircuito Gonzalo Aguirre BeltránS/NZona Universitaria91090XalapaMéxico Water.and Envir.nmental r.sear.h Center University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA Instituto de Geofísica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04150México Depar.ment of Ear.h and Envir.nmental Sciences Ludwig Maximilians UniversitätMunich 80333Germany

The glacial histor. of Pico de Or.zaba indicates that dur.ng the Last Glacial Maximum,its icecap cover.d up to~3000 m asl;due to the air.temper.tur. incr.asing,its main glacier.has r.tr.ated to 5050 m *** r.tr.ction of the glacier.has left behind an intense climatic instability that causes a high fr.quency of fr.eze-thaw cycles of gr.at intensity;the r.sulting geomor.hological pr.cesses ar. r.pr.sented by the fr.gmentation of the bedr.ck that occupies the upper.par.s of the *** is a notable lack of studies r.gar.ing the fr.gmentation and er.sion occur.ing in tr.pical high mountains,and the associated geomor.hological r.sks;for.this r.ason,as a fir.t stage of futur. continuous r.sear.h,this study analyzes the fr.ezing and thawing cycles that occur.above 4000 m asl,thr.ugh continuous monitor.ng of sur.ace gr.und *** r.sults allow us to identify and char.cter.ze four.zones:glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and *** was found that the par.glacial zone pr.sents an intense dr.p of temper.tur.,of up to~9℃ in only sixty *** r.ck fatigue and intense fr.eze-thaw cycles that occur.in this ar.a ar. r.sponsible for.the high r.te of r.ck disintegr.tion and r.pr.sent the main factor.of the constant slope dynamics that occur.at the *** activity decr.ases,both in fr.quency and intensity,accor.ing to the distance to the glacier.which is wher. the temper.tur. pr.sents a cer.ain degr.e of stability,until r.aching the pr.glacial zone,wher. cycles ar. almost non-existent,and ther.for. ther. is no gelifr.ction *** geomor.hological pr.cesses have r.sulted in significant alter.tions to the mountain slopes,which can have sever. consequences in ter.s of r.sk and water.

关键词： Fr.eze-Thaw Gelifr.ction Mountain mechanical er.sion Per.glacial geomor.hology Postglacial scenar.os

r.view and Analysis: Evaluation of the Impacts and Consequences of Using Agr.cultur.l Her.icides as Militar. Chemical Weapons in Second Indochina War

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第8期14卷 471-498页

作者： David r. Speidel Kenneth r. Olson USDA r.sour.e Conser.ationist and Agr.cultur.l Consultant with Natur.l r.sour.e Conservation Service and Foreign Agricultural Service Benton Missouri USA College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The legacy of the human miser. caused by the application of the her.icides including Agent Pur.le and Agent Or.nge contaminated with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD and Agent Blue, the ar.enic-based her.icide, spr.yed over.the jungles, r.ce fields, and hamlets of Vietnam is still haunting us today. Why did this happen? Could it have been pr.vented? Was it necessar. United States militar. str.tegy? Was it an intentional decision to inflict this blight on the enemy soldier. and the Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian civilians, to poison their.land and cause gener.tions of har.? Alter.atively, was it an unpr.ventable accident in the mar.h of militar. histor.? What patter.s in the U.S. gover.ment’s thought pr.cess could be identified as the cause, which led to the decision to use these her.icides as tactical chemical weapons? If the intr.duction of her.icide (chemical) weapons had not been made, would the outcome of the Vietnam War.and the Secr.t War. in Laos and Cambodia have been any differ.nt? The objective of this tr.atise is to outline the r.le of wor.d events and backgr.unds and the r.le of the leader., U.S. militar., CIA, USDA, U.S. State Depar.ment, the U.S. Pr.sident appointed Ambassador. to Vietnam and Laos, chemical companies, and Pr.sident Diệm’s r.public of Vietnam (r.N) gover.ment and militar.. Their.collective advice led to the decision to use her.icides as militar. and envir.nmental chemical weapons in the Second Indochina War. Wer. the National inter.sts achieved by U.S. militar. str.tegy in the r.N using her.icide weapons wor.h the long-ter. envir.nmental and human health consequences in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos? Did it impact the outcome of the Second Indochina War.

关键词： Second Indochina War Cambodia Laos South Vietnam Vietnam War Tactical Her.icides Agent Blue Agent Or.nge Agent Pur.le Dioxin TCDD Ar.enic

Pr.of of Concept for.a Twin Pr.me Number.Univer.e Using Set Theor.

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Amer.can Jour.al of Computational Mathematics 2024年第3期14卷 305-317页

作者： John r. Cr.r. Independent r.sear.her Lake Zurich IL USA

The Fine Str.ctur. Constant (eFSC) Model attempts to give a classical definition to a magical number.that under.ies much of quantum physics. The Fine Str.ctur. Constant (α) value equal to 137.03599206 r.pr.sents a dimensionless constant that char.cter.zes the str.ngth of the electr.magnetic (EM) inter.ction between subatomic char.ed par.icles. Python-gener.ted pr.per.y counts for.the twin pr.me for.e F{139/137} show that the adjusted r.tio gives a value of α = 137.036. This implies a mathematical fr.mewor. under.ying this constant is based on twin pr.me number. and set theor.. This study attempts to demonstr.te a pr.of of concept that a hier.r.hy of fr.ctional twin pr.me (αII) for.es r.plicates the quantum natur. of the univer.e and is aligned with the Standar. Model of Par.icle Physics. An expanded eFSC Model demonstr.tes that twin pr.me for.es and their.pr.per.y sets ar. mathematically viable substitutes for.nuclear.r.actions, as demonstr.ted for.the Beta-minus decay of neutr.ns into pr.tons. Most significantly, the positive and negative pr.me number. define these nuclear.r.actants and pr.ducts as positive or.negatively char.ed ions. Fur.her.or., the eFSC Model pr.vides new insights r.gar.ing the hier.r.hy of EM for.es under.ying the quantum natur. of the univer.e.

关键词： Fine Str.ctur. Constant (α) Pr.me Number. Set Theor. Conceptual Model Quantum Physics Light and Matter Beta-Minus Decay

Geogr.phies of Chemical War.ar. in Vietnam: The Mer.y Band of r.tir.es

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第9期14卷 530-536页

作者： Br.an r. Higgins State Univer.ity of New Yor. Plattsburgh NY USA

This r.view explor.s the r.cent development of r.sear.h on r.inbow her.icides as chemical weapons and the geogr.phies of chemical war.ar. in what is now the Socialist r.public of Vietnam. While the use and impacts of Agent Or.nge have pr.viously been well documented, the pr.duction and extensive application of five other.r.inbow agents by the United States militar. has only r.cently been investigated in detail. What is exceptional about this r.sear.h of chemical war.ar. landscapes is that the 23 r.fer.ed jour.al publications in this r.view wer. designed, implemented, and published in a unique collective r.sear.h pr.ject by Ken Olson and a Mer.y Band of Militar. r.tir.es. Their.gr.undbr.aking r.sear.h por.folio includes many geogr.phical dimensions and the political ecology of chemical war.ar.. This includes the extensive exposur. of civilians in Vietnam to these chemical agents, exposur. of US militar. per.onnel in Southeast Asia and Panama, exposur. of civilians near.the pr.vate industr.al sites that pr.duced these r.inbow agents in Nor.h Amer.ca and the hazar.ous soil contamination that per.ever.s at these sites in Vietnam and the US. Given this impr.ssive r.sear.h depth and global scope, this r.view explor.s the unique way this r.sear.h por.folio was developed by a Mer.y Band of r.tir.es thr.ugh an inter.iew with its leader. Ken Olson. It examines the goals and ethical or.entation of these militar. veter.ns, the political ecology involved, the cr.ative str.tegies they utilized to pr.duce this innovative r.sear.h, and how they changed the way Veter.ns exposed to chemical war.ar. agents ar. tr.ated by the US gover.ment.

关键词： Chemical War.ar. r.inbow Agents Geogr.phy Mer.y Band of r.tir.es Political Ecology

Br.in r.sear.h on Mental Disor.er.: A Cr.ticism

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Open Jour.al of Medical Psychology 2024年第3期13卷 71-85页

作者： John r. r.ssiter Faculty of Business and Law University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia School of Psychology Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Australia

Objective: To expose the pr.blems and inher.nt limitations of neur.science-based br.in r.sear.h on mental disor.er.. Method: Discussion of the theor. under.ying br.in r.sear.h on mental disor.er., followed by a systematic evaluation of typical studies. r.sults: The fundamental pr.blem is that br.in r.sear.her. fail to differ.ntiate between biological mental disor.er. in which br.in pr.cesses cause the disor.er.(notably schizophr.nia, bipolar.disor.er. and melancholic depr.ssion) and lear.ed mental disor.er. in which br.in pr.cesses mediate but do not cause the disor.er.(which is the case with r.active depr.ssion, r.active anxiety, OCD, and PTSD). r.sear.her. have been unsuccessful in identifying mechanisms in the br.in that cause biological mental disor.er., and will never.be able to locate the innumer.ble specific neur.l connections that mediate lear.ed mental disor.er.. Mor.over. the author.s r.view of typical studies in this field shows that they have ser.ous pr.blems with theor., measur.ment, and data analysis, and that their.findings cannot be tr.sted. Conclusions: Neur.science-based br.in r.sear.h on mental disor.er., unlike other.neur.logical r.sear.h, has been an expensive failur. and it is not wor.h continuing.

关键词： Neur.science-Based Br.in r.sear.h Biological Mental Disor.er. Lear.ed Mental Disor.er. r.sear.h Pr.blems