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Dormancy Breaking and Storage Behavior of Garcinia cowa Roxb. （Guttiferae） Seeds： Implications for Ecological Function and Germplasm Conservation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2005年第1期47卷 38-49页

作者： YongLIu Yu-PingQ1u LingZHANG JinCHEN XishuangbannaTropicalBotanicalGarden theChineseAcademyofSciencesMenglaYunnan666303China／／GraduateSchooloftheChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100039China XishuangbannaTropicalBotanicalGarden theChineseAcademyofSciencesMenglaYunnan666303China

Abstract: The dormancy breaking and storage behavior of Garcinia cowa Roxb. seeds were investigated. The seeds of G. cowa had 8–11 months dormancy in their natural habitat. Seeds were matured and dispersed at the end of the rainy season (mid-late August to late September) and were scatter-hoarded by rodents as food for winter after the seeds had fallen to the ground. Seedlings often emerged in the forest during the rainy season (May to August) the following year. Intact seeds of G. cowa failed to germinate after being sown at 30 °C for 120 d and the mean germination time (MGT) of seeds cultured in a shade (50% sunlight) nursery was 252 d. The most effective method of breaking dormancy was to remove the seed coat totally, which reduced the MGT to 13 d at 30 °C. Germination was also promoted by partial removal of the seed coat (excising the hilum and exposing the radicle) and chemical scarification (immersion in 1% H2O2 for 1 d). unscarified seeds take up water rapidly in the first 96 h, but water was absorbed by the outside seed coat, without penetrating through it. The moisture content (MC) of G. cowa seeds was high (50% in fresh weight) at shedding. The seeds could tolerate desiccation to some extent, until the MC reached approximately 40%; below that, the viability decreases rapidly and all seeds died at approximately 17% of MC. Seed viability decreased rapidly when seeds were chilled at 4 °C; germination was 2% after storage for 1 week. Even stored at 10 °C, seeds began to be damaged after 4 weeks. Seed storage for 1 yr revealed that in both dry (relative humidity (35 ± 5)%) and moist (wet sand) storage conditions, seed viability declined, but germination percentages for seeds stored under moist conditions are better than for seed stored under dry conditions. Because of their low tolerance to desiccation, marked chilling sensitivity and relatively short lifespan, G. cowa seeds should be classified into the tropical recalcitrant category. The ecological implicatio

关键词： chilling sensitivity desiccation tolerance dormancy Garcinia Garcinia cowa Roxb. germination physiological dormancy recalcitrant seeds seed desiccation seed storage behavior

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Geochemical characterization of Granitoids in Katchuan Irruan area: further evidence for peraluminous and shoshonitic compositions and post-collisional setting of granitic rocks in the Precambrian Basement Complex of Nigeria

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第5期38卷 734-752页

作者： Chinedu u.Ibe Smart C.Obiora Department of Geology University of Nigeria

Petrographic studies on Granitoids from Katchuan Irruan and adjoining areas,southeastern Nigeria,has shown that they are garnetiferous biotite granite,aplitic granite,porphyritic hornblende biotite granite,porphyritic muscovite biotite granite,weakly foliated leucogranodiorite and simple *** are closely associated with the Precambrian Basement Complex rocks which they *** analysis shows that the rocks consist of quartz(10%-25%),oligoclase(10%-30%),K-feldspar(15%-35%),biotite(3%-25%),with occasional garnet,hornblende,muscovite,and accessory chlorite,haematite and *** data indicates that the rocks are generally shoshonitic,alkali-calcic to calcic,ferroan and *** are enriched in large ion lithophile elements as well as high field strength elements(Hf,Ta,Yb,Sm,Zr and Y).Their trace elements and REE patterns are similar,indicating that they are *** are characterized by high fractionation factor(La/Yb)N(3.04-228.44)and pronounced negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu*)(0.23-0.71).Their overall geochemical features indicate that they were most likely derived from partial melting of crustal materials in an orogenic(post-collisional)tectonic *** are therefore related to the Pan-African granites,otherwise known as the Older Granites which were emplaced during the Pan African orogenic event.

关键词： Pan African Partial melting Post-collisional Precambrian Older Granites Orogenic

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Sources and Deficiency Diseases of Mineral Nutrients in Human Health and Nutrition:A Review

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Pedosphere 2014年第1期24卷 13-38页

作者： u.C.GuPTA S.C.GuPTA Agriculture and Agri-Canada Canada Crops and Livestock Research Centre The Department of Plastic Surgery Loma Linda University

Mineral nutrients are fundamentally metals and other inorganic compounds. The life cycle of these mineral nutrients begins in soil, their primary source. Soil provides minerals to plants and through the plants the minerals go to animals and humans; animal products are also the source of mineral nutrients for humans. Plant foods contain almost all of the mineral nutrients established as essential for human nutrition. They provide much of our skeletal structure, e.g., bones and teeth. They are critical to countless body processes by serving as essential co-factors for a number of enzymes. Humans can not utilize most foods without critical minerals and enzymes responsible for digestion and absorption. Though mineral nutrients are essential nutrients, the body requires them in small, precise amounts. We require them in the form found in crops and they can be classified into three different categories： major, secondary, and micro or trace minerals. This classification is based upon their requirement rather than on their relative importance. Major minerals such as potassium （K） and phosphorus （P） are required in amounts of up to 10 g d-1. The daily requirement of secondary and micro minerals ranges from 400 to 1 500 mg d-1 and 45 ~tg d-1 to 11 mg d-1, respectively. To protect humans from mineral nutrient deficiencies, the key is to consume a variety of foods in modest quantities, such as different whole grains, low fat dairy, and different meats, vegetables and fruits. For insurance purposes, a supplement containing various mineral nutrients can be taken daily.

关键词： deficiency diseases deficiency symptoms origin recommended daily dose toxicity

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Theory and experimental evidence of phonon domains and their roles in pre-martensitic phenomena

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npj Computational Materials 2015年第1期1卷 1-14页

作者： Yongmei M Jin Yu u Wang Yang Ren Department of Materials Science and Engineering Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMIUSA X-Ray Science Division Advanced Photon SourceArgonne National LaboratoryArgonneILUSA

Pre-martensitic phenomena,also called martensite precursor effects,have been known for decades while yet remain outstanding *** paper addresses pre-martensitic phenomena from new theoretical and experimental perspectives.A statistical mechanics-based Grüneisen-type phonon theory is *** the basis of deformation-dependent incompletely softened low-energy phonons,the theory predicts a lattice instability and pre-martensitic transition into elastic-phonon domains via‘phonon spinodal decomposition.’The phase transition lifts phonon degeneracy in cubic crystal and has a nature of phonon pseudo-Jahn–Teller lattice *** theory and notion of phonon domains consistently explain the ubiquitous pre-martensitic anomalies as natural consequences of incomplete phonon *** phonon domains are characterised by broken dynamic symmetry of lattice vibrations and deform through internal phonon relaxation in response to stress(a particular case of Le Chatelier’s principle),leading to previously unexplored new domain *** evidence of phonon domains is obtained by in situ three-dimensional phonon diffuse scattering and Bragg reflection using high-energy synchrotron X-ray single-crystal diffraction,which observes exotic domain phenomenon fundamentally different from usual ferroelastic domain switching *** light of the theory and experimental evidence of phonon domains and their roles in pre-martensitic phenomena,currently existing alternative opinions on martensitic precursor phenomena are revisited.

关键词： phonon incomplete crystal

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Application of Neutron Activation Analysis Technique for the Analysis of Soil Samples from Farmlands of Yebrage Hawariat, East Gojjam, Ethiopia

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2014年第4期4卷 342-352页

作者： Yihunie Hibstie Asres Ashok Kumar Chaubey Awoke Taddesse Hailu Dilbetigle Assefa mamo Department of Physics College of Natural and Computational Science Debre Markos University Debre Markos (+251) Ethiopia Physics Department Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa (+251) Ethiopia

Farmers may not be conscious for their farmland＇s nutrients, soil organic matter, water and air because they simply concerned only for their labor availability and soil fertility losses. The composition and proportion of these components greatly influence soil physical properties, including texture, structure and porosity, the fraction of pore space in a soil. The soil of this farmland must be able to supply adequate amount of plant nutrients, in forms which can be absorbed by the crop, within its lifespan. Deficiencies or imbalances in the supply of any of essential elements can compromise growth, affecting root development, cell division, crop quality, crop yield and resistance to disease and drought. This study was conducted to fill this knowledge gap in order to develop economically vital and environmentally accepted nutrient management strategies for the use of soils in agricultural lands. The objective of this study is to assess the elemental contents and concentration of soil samples collected from farmlands of ＂Yebrage＂ using neutron activation analysis （NAA） techniques regardless of oxidation state, chemical form or physical locations. NAA is used to determine the elemental composition and concentrations present in a soil. The macro/micronutrient and organic matter deficiencies have been verified in agricultural soils through increased use of soil testing and plant analysis. The challenge for agriculture over the coming decades will meet the world＇s increasing demands for food in a sustainable way. Current issues and future challenges point out that as long as agriculture remains a soil based industry, major decreases in productivity likely to be attained ensuring that plants do not have adequate and balanced supply of nutrients.

关键词： NAA Yebrage Chemoga macro/micronutrient organic matter soil fertility cereal cropping.

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Non-Thermal Effects on CO-NO Surface Catalytic Reaction on Square Surface： Monte Carlo Study

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Chinese Physics Letters 2005年第6期22卷 1533-1535页

作者： M.Khalid A.u.Qaisrani W.Ahmad DepartmentofPhysics GomalUniversityDeraIsmailKhanPakistan PhysicsResearchDivision PakistanInstituteofNuclearScienceandTechnologyPONiloreIslamabadPakistan

A Monte Carlo simulation of the CO-NO heterogeneous catalytic reaction over asquare surface has already been studied with a model based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH)mechanism. The results of this study are well known. Here we study the effects of transientnon-thermal mobility of monomer (CO) based on precursor mechanism, diffusion of adsorbed nitrogenand oxygen atoms, on the phase diagram. The interesting feature of this model is the yield of asteady reactive window, while simple LH mechanism is not capable of producing a steady reactivestate.

关键词： PRECuRSOR MECHANISM HEXAGONAL SuRFACES PHASE-DIAGRAM SIMuLATION SuBSuRFACE MODEL CHEMISORPTION NITROGEN TuNGSTEN LATTICE

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Formation of Co-implanted Silicon ultra-Shallow Junctions for Low Thermal Budget Applications

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第1期30卷 127-129页

作者： Rehana Mustafa S.Ahmed E.u.Khan Department of Physics International Islamic UniversityIslamabadPakistan Advanced Electronics Laboratory Faculty of Engineering&TechnologyInternational Islamic University IslamabadPakistan Center for Emerging Sciences Engineering and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Physics Gomal UniversityD.I.KhanPakistan

We present a systematic study to create ultra-shallow junctions in n-type silicon substrates and investigate both pre-and post-annealing processes to create a processing strategy for potential applications in *** wafers were co-implanted with indium and C atoms at energies of 70 keV and 10 keV,respectively.A carefully chosen implantation schedule provides an abrupt ultra-shallow junction between 17 and 43 nm with suppressed sheet resistance and appropriate retained sheet carrier concentration at low thermal budget.A defect doping matrix,primarily the behavior and movement of co-implant generated interstitials at different annealing temperatures,may be engineered to form sufficiently activated ultra-shallow devices.

关键词： shallow annealing implantation

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Effects of Cooking on Anthocyanin Concentration and Bioactive Antioxidant Capacity in Glutinous and Non-Glutinous Purple Rice

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Rice science 2018年第5期25卷 270-278页

作者： Supaporn YAMuANGMORN Bernard DELL Chanakan PROM-u-THAI Agronomy Division Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Chiang Mai University Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor Murdoch University Lanna Rice Research Center Chiang Mai University

Purple rice is a source of bioactive antioxidants for rice consumers. Loss of the major antioxidant compounds after a range of cooking processes was evaluated by measuring the changes in anthocyanin concentration （ATC） and antioxidant capacity （DPPH activity） of four non-glutinous and four glutinous genotypes. However, soaking in water prior to cooking generally decreased more ATC and antioxidant capacity in non-glutinous than in glutinous genotypes. Wet cooking （WC） and soaking before wet cooking （S-WC） led to lose almost all the ATC and antioxidant capacity with only slight variation between genotypes. In the glutinous genotype Pieisu, which had the highest raw rice ATC, ATC remained the highest when cooked by the WC method. By contrast, almost no ATC remained after WC and S-WC in the low ATC genotypes such as Kum Doi Saket. Overall, the loss of ATC was greater in non-glutinous than in glutinous genotypes for both WC and S-WC methods, but the reverse occurred for antioxidant capacity. WC using electric rice cooker retained higher ATC than the pressure cooking. Thus, for genotypes with high ATC and antioxidant capacity, the selection of cooking method is critical for retaining and stabilizing rice quality.

关键词： purple rice rice cooking anthocyanin antioxidant capacity wet cooking

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Automated integration of real-time and non-real-time defense systems

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第2期17卷 657-670页

作者： Emre Dalkıran Tolga Onel Okan Topçu Kadir Alpaslan Demir Barbaros Naval Science and Engineering Institute Turkish Naval AcademyNational Defense UniversityTuzlaIstanbul34942Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Turkish Naval AcademyNational Defense UniversityTuzlaIstanbul34942Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus CampusKalkanliGuzelyurtMersin 1099738Turkey Institute of Social Sciences Gebze Technical UniversityGebzeKocaeli41400Turkey

Various application domains require the integration of distributed real-time or near-real-time systems with non-real-time *** cities,smart homes,ambient intelligent systems,or network-centric defense systems are among these application *** Distribution Service(DDS)is a communication mechanism based on Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe(DCPS)*** is used for distributed systems with real-time operational *** Message Service(JMS)is a messaging standard for enterprise systems using Service Oriented Architecture(SOA)for non-real-time *** allows Java programs to exchange messages in a loosely coupled *** also supports sending and receiving messages using a messaging queue and a publish-subscribe *** this article,we propose an architecture enabling the automated integration of distributed real-time and non-real-time *** test our proposed architecture using a distributed Command,Control,Communications,Computers,and Intelligence(C4I)*** system has DDS-based real-time Combat Management System components deployed to naval warships,and SOA-based non-real-time Command and Control components used at *** proposed solution enables the exchange of data between these two systems *** compare the proposed solution with a similar *** solution is superior in terms of automation support,ease of implementation,scalability,and performance.

关键词： Systems integration System of systems Systems engineering Software engineering C4I systems Defense systems Data distribution service DDS integration Java message service JMS

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当别人需要帮助时

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中学生百科（悦青春） 2014年第4期 60-62页

作者： mamo

你走在路上，看到需要帮助的陌生人。你会伸出援助之手吗？你的回答是“当然会”？先别急，看完下面两个事件后，再给你机会回答一次。

关键词：中学生语文学习阅读知识课外阅读

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