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Production of hydrogen from fossil fuel:A review

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Frontiers in Energy 2023年第5期17卷 585-610页

作者： Shams anwar Xianguo LI Laboratory for Fuel Cell and Green Energy Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L3G1Canada

Production of hydrogen,one of the most promising alternative clean fuels,through catalytic conversion from fossil fuel is the most technically and economically feasible *** conversion of natural gas into hydrogen and carbon is thermodynami-cally favorable under atmospheric ***,using noble metals as a catalyst is costly for hydrogen production,thus mandating non-noble metal-based catalysts such as Ni,Co,and Cu-based *** paper reviews the various hydrogen production methods from fossil fuels through pyrolysis,partial oxidation,autother-mal,and steam reforming,emphasizing the catalytic production of hydrogen via steam reforming of *** multicomponent catalysts composed of several non-noble materials have been *** the Ni,Co,and Cu-based catalysts investigated in the literature,Ni/Al_(2)O_(3)catalyst is the most economical and performs best because it suppresses the coke formation on the *** avoid carbon emission,this method of hydrogen production from methane should be integrated with carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS).Carbon capture can be accomplished by absorption,adsorption,and membrane separation *** remaining challenges,prospects,and future research and development directions are described.

关键词： methane catalytic conversion natural gas hydrogen production CCUS

A Rare Case of Superior Mesenteric Vein Aneurysm Secondary to Portal Hypertension

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2013年第1期4卷 66-68页

作者： Anjana V. Trivedi Maulik C. Jethva malek.mohmed anwar Chetna K. Dodia Jagruti G. Kalola Radiology Department PDU Medical College & Sanya GIC Imaging Centre Rajkot India

Venous aneurysms are less common than arterial aneurysms in clinical practice, and the occurrence of such cases is a topic for publication. Aneurysms of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) are rare, and their origin is unknown. Many aneurysms are asymptomatic, and the diagnosis is established from radiologic findings. Others are diagnosed after complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding or thrombosis with associated abdominal pain. Because of the rarity of this disease, therapy must be adapted to fit each case. A 55-year-old woman presented with pain in abdomen since 2 months. The diagnosis of this anomaly was made after Computed tomography (CT) scans, that demonstrated a mass. Apart from various etiological theories, portal hypertension was more likely cause of her SMV aneurysm. Case was treated by medical treatment like Sorbitrate, Propranolol, Omeprazole and Lasix. No aneurysm growth or complication was observed even after 2 years of follow-up.

关键词： Venous Aneurysm Superior Mesenteric Vein (SMV) CT Scan

Seismic resilience of retrofitted RC buildings

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2020年第3期19卷 561-571页

作者： Ghazanfar Ali anwar You Dong Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Existing buildings can be at a greater seismic risk due to non-conformance to current design codes and may require structural retrofitting to improve building *** performance of buildings is measured in terms of immediate consequences due to direct damage,but the continuing impacts related to recovery are not considered in seismic retrofit *** paper introduces a framework of retrofit selection based on the seismic resilience of deficient buildings retrofitted with the conventional mitigation *** assembly-based methodology is considered for the seismic resilience assessment by compiling a nonlinear numerical model and a building performance *** collapse fragility is developed from the capacity curve,and the resulting social,economic,and environmental consequences are *** seismic resilience of a building is assessed by developing a downtime assessment methodology incorporating sequence of repairs,impeding factors,and utility *** functionality states are developed for the building functionality given investigated time interval,and a functionality curve for each retrofit is *** is concluded that seismic resilience can be used as a performance indicator to assess the continuing impacts of a hazard for the retrofit selection.

关键词： fitted consequences buildings

Biomass carbon stocks and their changes in northern China's grasslands during 1982-2006

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第7期53卷 841-850页

作者： anwar MOHAMMAT Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences

Grassland covers approximately one-third of the area of China and plays an important role in the global terrestrial carbon(C) ***,little is known about biomass C stocks and dynamics in these *** 2001-2005,we conducted five consecutive field sampling campaigns to investigate above-and below-ground biomass for northern China's *** measurements obtained from 341 sampling sites,together with a NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index) time series dataset over 1982-2006,we examined changes in biomass C stock during the past 25 *** results showed that biomass C stock in northern China's grasslands was estimated at 557.5 Tg C(1 Tg=1012 g),with a mean density of 39.5 g C m-2 for above-ground biomass and 244.6 g C m-2 for below-ground *** increasing rate of 0.2 Tg C yr-1 has been observed over the past 25 years,but grassland biomass has not experienced a significant change since the late *** rainfall(January-July) was the dominant factor driving temporal dynamics in biomass C stock;however,the responses of grassland biomass to climate variables differed among various grassland *** in arid grasslands(i.e.,desert steppe and typical steppe) was significantly associated with precipitation,while biomass in humid grasslands(i.e.,alpine meadow) was positively correlated with mean January-July *** results suggest that different grassland ecosystems in China may show diverse responses to future climate changes.

关键词： above-ground biomass alpine grasslands below-ground biomass carbon stock NDVI temperate grasslands

An approach to Iocational marginal price based zonal congestion management in deregulated electricity market

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Frontiers in Energy 2016年第2期10卷 240-248页

作者： Md SARWAR anwar Shahzad SIDDIQUI Department of Electrical Engineering Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) New Delhi 110025 India

Congestion of transmission line is a vital issue and its management pose a technical challenge in power system deregulation. Congestion occurs in deregulated electricity market when transmission capacity is not sufficient to simultaneously accommodate all constraints of power transmission through a line. Therefore, to manage congestion, a locational marginal price （LMP） based zonal congestion management approach in a deregulated elec- tricity market has been proposed in this paper. As LMP is an economic indicator and its difference between two buses across a transmission line provides the measure of the degree of congestion, therefore, it is efficiently and reliably used in deregulated electricity market for conges- tion management. This paper utilizes the difference of LMP across a transmission line to categorize various congestion zones in the system. After the identification of congestion zones, distributed generation is optimally placed in most congestion sensitive zones using LMP difference in order to manage congestion. The performance of the proposed methodology has been tested on the IEEE 14-bus system and IEEE 57-bus system.

关键词： locational marginal price (LMP) distributed generation pool market deregulated electricity market,congestion management

Ecosystem carbon stocks and their changes in China's grasslands

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第7期53卷 757-765页

作者： anwar MOHAMMAT Department of Ecology Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking University

The knowledge of carbon(C) stock and its dynamics is crucial for understanding the role of grassland ecosystems in China's terrestrial C *** date,a comprehensive assessment on C balance in China's grasslands is still *** reviewing published literature,this study aims to evaluate ecosystem C stocks(both vegetation biomass and soil organic C) and their changes in China's *** results are summarized as follows:(1) biomass C density(C stock per area) of China's grasslands differed greatly among previous studies,ranging from 215.8 to 348.1 g C m-2 with an average of 300.2 g C ***,soil C density also varied greatly between 8.5 and 15.1 kg C *** total,ecosystem C stock in China's grasslands was estimated at 29.1 Pg C.(2) Both the magnitude and direction of ecosystem C changes in China's grasslands differed greatly among previous *** to recent reports,neither biomass nor soil C stock in China's grasslands showed a significant change during the past 20 years,indicating that grassland ecosystems are C neutral.(3) Spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of grassland biomass were closely correlated with precipitation,while changes in soil C stocks exhibited close associations with soil moisture and soil *** activities,such as livestock grazing and fencing could also affect ecosystem C dynamics in China's grasslands.

关键词： alpine grasslands biomass carbon sink climate change soil organic carbon soil texture temperate grasslands

Morphology and ontogeny of directly differentiating shoot buds and somatic embryos in Santalum album L.

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第4期30卷 1179-1189页

作者： Rakhshanda Akhtar anwar Shahzad Plant Biotechnology Section Department of BotanyAligarh Muslim University

Santalum album *** a commercially important tree that yields essential oil of high medicinal *** research through organogenesis and embryogenesis has been documented but no report depicts comparative ontogeny of directly differentiating shoot buds(SB)and somatic embryos(SE).In the present study aseptic seedling derived hypocotyl segments(HC)and hypocotyl+root junction(HC+R)were used to induce SBs and SEs,*** differences between the structures were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy and histological *** medium containing 6-benzyladenine or BA(2.5μM)produced highest number of direct SB,while MS+BA(7.5μM)proved suitable for higher frequency of SE *** differentiating structures attained growth when transferred to MS medium containing a combination of BA and anaphthalene acetic acid or silver nitrate(AgNO3).A combination of indole-3-butyric acid and silver nitrate(AgNO3)in half-strength woody plant medium and lesser osmotic concentration(2%sucrose),induced rhizogenesis.

关键词： Direct somatic embryos Emblings Histology Hypocotyl Ontogenic

Enhancement in energy product in Sm-Co/Fe exchange coupled magnetic layers with molybdenum interlayers

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Journal of Rare Earths 2010年第2期28卷 274-276页

作者： Furrukh Shahzad Saadat anwar Siddiqi Centre for Solid State Physics University of the Punjab School of Physics and Microelectronics Shandong University

Trilayers of Sm-Co/Mo/Fe were deposited by DC and RF magnetron sputtering on Si(100) substrate at 650 °*** of very thin Mo interlayers on energy product of magnetic layers was *** the samples showed strong exchange coupling and single phase *** increasing Mo interlayer thickness,we observed oscillating behavior of saturation magnetization and energy *** rise in energy product was observed as 22% for 0.3 nm Mo interlayer as compared to sample without Mo interlayer.

关键词： exchange spring magnet nanocomposite (BH)max product rare earths

Optimal Location and Sizing of Conglomerate DG-FACTS using an Artificial Neural Network and Heuristic Probability Distribution Methodology for Modern Power System Operations

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2022年第1期7卷 124-148页

作者： anwar Shahzad Siddiqui Prashant Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering&TechnologyJamia Millia IslamiaJamia NagarOkhlaNew Delhi 110025India

In existing power system networks,the positioning and sizing of multi-DG is critical at the optimum locations for effective energy *** optimal power flow is assessed using the NR method(without DG)in which performance parameters such as real power loss,accuracy,selectivity and MSE are obtained,but in an undesirable *** meet load demand;multi-DGs are placed and their optimal locations are assessed by the proposed heuristic probability distribution methodology and an ANN because existing techniques provides poor performance parameters for selecting the location and sizing of *** optimal positions of multi-DGs are estimated in terms of performance parameters including real power loss of transmission network,accuracy,selectivity and MSE,while the performance parameters obtained with the ANN are better than the heuristic ***,the sizing of multi-DGs is evaluated in relation to active and reactive *** is found that that sizes of multi-DGs are smaller with ANN than with heuristic *** is preferable to connect the buses having lowest real power losses with the smallest *** performance analysis is tested in the standard IEEE 9-bus and IEEE 57-bus systems on *** improve the distortion level in real and reactive power,multi-FACTS namely TCSC,TSC and STATCOM are *** switching of TCSC and TSC is done by SPWM while STATCOM switching is controlled with *** locations of multi-FACTS devices are chosen for buses having larger distortion and the sizing of multi-FACTS devices is also optimally *** application of multi-FACTS devices helps to improve power quality and fulfill load demand with minimal size in order to make the system economical.

关键词： DG Location Sizing FACTS ANN ANFIS