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Expression of structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis of Vitis amurensis

journal of Forestry Research 2016年第3期27卷 647-657页

作者： Quan Zhao Fei He malcolm j.reeves Qiu-Hong Pan Chang-Qing Duan jun Wang Traditional Chinese Medicine Department Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College Center for Viticulture and Enology College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Faculty of Applied Science Business and ComputingEastern Institute of Technology

This research was designed to assess the changes in anthocyanin content in grape skins of Vitis amurensis and to explore m RNA transcriptions of 11 structural genes（PAL,CHS3, CHI1, F3H2, F30 H, F3050 H, DFR, LDOX, UFGT,OMT and GST） related to anthocyanin biosynthesis during grape berry development, by the use of HPLC-MS/MS and real-time Q-PCR analysis. Accumulation of anthocyanins began at veraison, continued throughout the later berry development and reached a peak at maturity. Veraison is the time when the berries turn from green to purple. Expression of PAL, CHI1, and LDOX were up-regulated from 2 to4 weeks after flowering（WAF）, down-regulated from6 WAF to veraison, whereas DFR was up-regulated at8 WAF, and then up-regulated from veraison to ***3, F3050 H, UFGT, GST, and OMT were down-regulated from 2 WAF to veraison, and then up-regulated from veraison to maturity. The transcriptional expressions of the11 structural genes also showed positive correlations with the anthocyanin content from veraison to maturity. Positive correlations were also observed between OMT transcriptional level and the content of methoxyl-anthocyanins, and between F3050 H transcriptional level and the content of delphinidin anthocyanins. F3H2 and F30 H expression was up-regulated at 2 WAF. F3H2 expression was down-regulated from 4 WAF to veraison and then up-regulated again from veraison to maturity. F30 H expression was down-regulated at 4 WAF and then up-regulated again from 6 WAF to maturity. F30 H transcriptional level was correlated positively with the cyanidin anthocyanin concentration from veraison to maturity. These results indicate that the onset of anthocyanin synthesis during berry development coincides with a coordinated increase in the expression of a number of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway.

关键词： Anthocyanins Gene expression HPLC-MS/MS Real-time Q-PCR Vitis amurensis

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The origin of genetic risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma:a commentary on Is nasopharyngeal cancer really a “Cantonese cancer”?

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Chinese journal of Cancer 2010年第5期29卷 527-537页

作者： malcolm j. Simons Simons Haplomics Limited

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) occurs with highest incidence in Southeastern China among Cantonese-speaking Chinese, giving rise to the common name of 'Cantonese cancer'. Chinese in the province of Guangdong have the

关键词：鼻咽癌广东省评论危险遗传中国东南中部地区风险

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Evolution of Microalloyed Linepipe Steels With Particular Emphasis on the “Near Stoichiometry” Low Carbon,0.10 Percent Niobium “HTP” Concept

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journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 652-657页

作者： Gray j.malcolm Microalloyed Steel Institute Inc. 5100 Westheimer Ste 540HoustonTX 77056 USA

Microalloyed linepipe steels were first introduced in 1959 at strength levels around 52-60 ksi [1] [2].The steels were generally strengthened by niobium or vanadium used *** strengths levels increased to X-70 in the early 1970’s niobium and vanadium were used in combination and controlled rolling was introduced on a broad *** strengths decrease tolerance for impurities and non-metallic inclusions which required improved steelmaking ***,carbon,and nitrogen were reduced and continuous casting was increasingly applied which required improved ladle refining and deoxidation ***-molybdenum steels were introduced by IPSCO in 1972 [3] and by Italsider in 1974 [4].Steels with higher niobium contents were also introduced in the early 1970’s but available steelmaking technologies limited the use of optimum niobium to carbon ratios,*** approaching *** the steels benefited from the effect of niobium in retarding austenite recrystallization at relatively high rolling temperatures and they developed attractive combinations of strength and toughness in old manufacturing facilities using simple (relaxed) rolling *** in the price of molybdenum and vanadium in the past decade and expanded application of API Grade X-80 linepipe,have led to more widespread use of niobium contents up to 0.11 percent,in combination with 0.02-0.03 percent carbon (near stoichiometry) thus maximizing the effects of solute niobium during rolling,in lowering transformation temperature,and thereby reducing reliance on other alloying,often expensive,*** history of these developments will be presented and applications of the concept will be summarized.

关键词： HTP Low Carbon,0.10 Percent Niobium Near Stoichiometry Evolution of Microalloyed Linepipe Steels With Particular Emphasis on the Concept

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma as a paradigm of cancer genetics

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Chinese journal of Cancer 2011年第2期30卷 79-84页

作者： malcolm j. Simons Department of Experimental Research Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Simons Haplomics Limited

The unusual incidence patterns for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) in China,Northeast India,Arctic Inuit,Peninsular and island Southeast Asia,Polynesian Islanders,and North Africans indicate a role for NPC risk genes in Chinese,Chinese-related,and not-obviously Chinese-related *** interest in NPC genetic risk has been stimulated by a hypothesis that NPC population patterns originated in Bai-Yue /pre-Austronesian-speaking aborigines and were dispersed during the last glacial maximum by Sundaland *** articles in this issue of the Chinese journal of Cancer,first presented at a meeting on genetic aspects of NPC [National Cancer Center of Singapore(NCCS),February 20-21,2010],are directed towards incidence patterns,to early detection of affected individuals within risk populations,and to the application of genetic technology advances to understanding the nature of high *** presents a general framework for understanding population migrations that underlie NPC and similar complex diseases,including other viral *** et *** genetic markers to detail migration from East Asia through Taiwan to the populating of Island *** dispersal in a westward direction took mongoloid peoples to modern day Northeast India adjacent to Western China(Xinjiang).NPC incidence in mongoloid Nagas ranks amongst the highest in the world,whereas elsewhere in India NPC is *** et *** incidence patterns in Southeast China that have occurred over recent ***,ji et *** the utility of Epstein-Barr virus serostatus in early NPC *** genetic risk factors still remain largely unknown,human leukocyte antigen(HLA) genes have been a focus of attention since the discovery of an HLA association with NPC in 1973 and,two years later,that NPC susceptibility in highest-risk Cantonese involved the co-occurrence of multi-HLA locus combinations of HLA genes as chromosome combinations,or haplotypes(***-A2-B46

关键词：鼻咽癌遗传学癌症人类白细胞抗原全国人民代表大会遗传亲缘关系风险监测中国西部

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The prevalence and prevention of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China

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Chinese journal of Cancer 2011年第2期30卷 114-119页

作者： malcolm j. Simons Department of Experimental Research Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Simons Haplomics Limited

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has remarkable epidemiological features, including regional, racial, and familial aggregations. The aim of this review is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of NPC and to propose possible causes for the high incidence patterns in southern China. Since the etiology of NPC is not completely understood, approaches to primary prevention of NPC remain under consideration. This situation highlights the need to conduct secondary prevention, including improving rates of early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment in NPC patients. Since the 1970's, high-risk populations in southern China have been screened extensively for early detection of NPC using anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serum biomarkers. This review summarizes several large screening studies that have been conducted in the high-incidence areas of China. Screening markers, high-risk age range for screening, time intervals for blood re-examination, and the effectiveness of these screening studies will be discussed. Conduction of prospective randomized controlled screening trials in southern China can be expected to maximize the cost-effectiveness of early NPC detection screening.

关键词：中国南部鼻咽癌预防全国人民代表大会流行病学特点筛选标记早期治疗随机对照试验

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An Integrated Approach to Crop Genetic Improvement

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第4期54卷 250-259页

作者： Martin A.j.Parry malcolm j.Hawkesford Rothamsted Research Plant Science Department

The balance between the supply and demand of the major food crops is fragile, fueling concerns for long-term global food security. The rising population, increasing wealth and a proliferation of non- food uses （e.g. bioenergy） has led to growing demands on agricul- ture, while increased production is limited by greater urbanization, and the degradation of land. Furthermore, global climate change with increasing temperatures and lower, more erratic rainfall is projected to decrease agricultural yields. There is a predicted need to increase food production by at least 70% by 2050 and there- fore an urgent need to develop novel and integrated approaches, incorporating high-throughput phenotyping that will both increaseproduction per unit area and simultaneously improve the resource use efficiency of crops. Yield potential, yield stability, nutrient and water use are all complex multigenic traits and while there is genetic variability, their complexity makes such traits difficult to breed for directly. Nevertheless molecular plant breeding has the potential to deliver substantial improvements, once the component traits and the genes underlying these traits have been identified. In addition, interactions between the individual traits must also be taken into account, a demand that is difficult to fulfill with traditional screening approaches. Identified traits will be incorporated into new cultivars using conventional or biotechnological tools. In order to better understand the relationship between genotype, component traits, and environment over time, a multidisciplinary approach must be adopted to both understand the underlying processes and identify candidate genes, QTLs and traits that can be used to develop improved crops.

关键词： Germpiasm variation nitrogen TILLING transformation trait water wheat yield.

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Ultrasound particle sizing:A review

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Particuology 2013年第2期11卷 135-147页

作者： malcolm j.W.Povey School of Food Science and Nutrition The University of Leeds

Ultrasound spectrometry is one of very few methods that can size particles over the range 10 nm to I mm for optically opaque, undiluted materials. It has in-line, non-invasive capabilities which make it a serious contender for use in industrial process monitoring, with the potential for 100% inspection. In aqueous systems, it is more sensitive to nanoparticles than to particles in the micrometre range upwards because the scattering power varies as the inverse square of particle diameter, making it suitable for the detec- tion of nanoparticles in concentrated, mixed systems. Future development of ultrasound spectrometers suitable for widespread laboratory and industrial use depends on meeting the challenges of complex data interpretation and the need for considerable know how. In this review we provide a brief account of ultrasound propagation and scattering theory which underlies the ultrasound spectrometer, describe several types of spectrometer and demonstrate its successful use in the characterization of colloidal silica, whole milk and protein solutions.

关键词： Ultrasound Particle size Measurement instrumentation Review Acoustics Particle size distribution (PSD) Nanoparticles Colloids Ultrasound spectrometry

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Drug calculation ability of qualified paramedics:A pilot study

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World journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第1期9卷 41-45页

作者： malcolm j.Boyle Kathryn Eastwood School of Medicine Griffith University School of Nursing and Midwifery Monash University

BACKGROUND: The inability of paramedics to perform accurate calculations may result in a compromise of patient safety which may result from under or over dosing of drugs, incorrect joules for defibrillation, or a major adverse event such as death. The objective of this study was to identify the drug calculation and mathematical ability of qualified operational ***: The study used a cross-sectional design with a paper-based calculation questionnaire. Twenty paramedics enrolled in an intensive care paramedic course were eligible to participate in the study. The questionnaire consisted of demographic, drug calculation(seven questions), and mathematical(five) questions. Students were given no notice of the impending study and use of a calculator was not ***: All eligible students participated in the study. The average time employed as a paramedic was 7.25 years, SD 2.5 years, range four years to twelve years. Four(20%) students got all 12 questions correct, and five(41.6%) got 50% or less. The average score was 8.6(71.7%) correct, SD 2.8 correct, range 3 to 12 correct questions. There were eight(40%) conceptual errors, 12(60%) arithmetical errors, and five(25%) computational ***: The results from this study supports similar international studies where paramedic's ability to undertake mathematical and drug calculations without a calculator varies, with some results highlighting the paramedics mathematical skills as a potential risk to patient safety. These results highlight the need for regular continuing mathematical and drug calculation practice and education to ensure a lower error rate.

关键词： Emergency medical technician Education Medication errors Safety management

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Saturation in wavelength-division multiplexing free-space optical communication systems

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2019年第2期12卷 197-207页

作者： jeremiah O. BANDELE malcolm WOOLFSON Andrew j. PHILLIPS Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering College of EngineeringAfe Babalola UniversityAdo-EkitiEkiti StateP.M.B 5454Nigeria Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham University ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK

The performance of a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) free-space optical (FSO) commu-nication system in a turbulent atmosphere employing optical amplifiers to improve capacity is investigated, in the presence of amplified spontaneous emission noise, scintillation, beam spreading, atmospheric attenuation and interchannel crosstalk. Using on-off keying modulation, Monte Carlo simulation techniques are used to obtain the average bit error rate and system capability due to scintillation and the effect of introducing a power control algorithm (PCA) to the system is investigated. The PCA ensures that at any receiving instant, the same turbulence- free powers are received by all the receiving lenses. The performance of various WDM FSO communication system configurations such as non-amplified systems with an adaptive decision threshold (NOAADT), non- amplified systems with a non-adaptive decision threshold, fixed gain amplified systems with an adaptive decision threshold, fixed gain amplified systems with a non- adaptive decision threshold and saturated gain amplified systems with a non-adaptive decision threshold (SOA- NADT) are investigated. Results obtained show that the SOANADT is superior to the NOAADT and the PCA is only beneficial in amplified systems.

关键词： wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) free-space optical (FSO) communication crosstalk optical amplifier (OA) gain saturation decision threshold

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The Sulfate Transporter Family in Wheat： Tissue-Specific Gene Expression in Relation to Nutrition

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Molecular Plant 2010年第2期3卷 374-389页

作者： Peter Buchner Saroj Parmar Anne Kriegel Magali Carpentier malcolm j. Hawkesford Rothamsted Research Plant Science Department West Common Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK Molecular Plant Nutrition University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany

Sulfate uptake and distribution in plants are managed by the differential expression of a family of transporters, developmentally, spatially, and in response to sulfur nutrition. Elucidation of the signaling pathways involved requires a knowledge of the component parts and their interactions. Here, the expression patterns of the full complement of sulfate transporters in wheat, as influenced by development and sulfur nutrition, are described. The 10 wheat sulfate transporters characterized here are compared to the gene families for both rice and Brachypodium, for whom full genome information is available. Expression is reported in young seedlings with a focus on roles in uptake from nutrient solution and differential expression in relation to sulfate deprivation. In addition, patterns of expression in all organs at the grain filling stage are reported and indicate differential responses to nutritional signals of the individual transporters in specific tissues and an overall coordination of uptake, storage, and remobilization to deliver sulfur to the developing grain.

关键词： Sulfate transporter wheat transcriptional regulation sulfur nutrition grain filling.

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