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Triggering of Major Brain Disorders by Protons and ATP:The Role of ASICs and P2X Receptors

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第5期39卷 845-862页

作者： Andri Cherninskyi maksim Storozhuk Oleksandr Maximyuk Vyacheslav Kulyk Oleg Krishtal Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv 01024Ukraine

Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)is well-known as a universal source of energy in living *** known is that this molecule has a variety of important signaling func-tions:it activates a variety of specific metabotropic(P2y)and ionotropic(P2X)receptors in neuronal and non-neu-ronal cell ***,a wide variety of signaling func-tions well fits the ubiquitous presence of ATP in the *** more ubiquitous are *** from the unspe-cific interaction of protons with any protein,many physi-ological processes are affected by protons acting on specific ionotropic receptors--acid-sensing ion channels(ASICs).Both protons(acidification)and ATP are locally elevated in various pathological *** these fundamentally important molecules as agonists,ASICs and P2X receptors signal a variety of major brain *** we briefly outline the physiological roles of ASICs and P2X receptors,focusing on the brain pathologies involving these receptors.

关键词： ASICs P2X receptors Stroke Chronic pain Epilepsy Neurodegenerative Psychiatric diseases

Fungal infection dynamics in response to temperature in the lepidopteran insect Galleria mellonella

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Insect Science 2018年第3期25卷 454-466页

作者： Vadim y. Kryukov Olga N. yaroslavtseva Miranda M. A. Whitten maksim V. Tyurin Katherine J. Ficken Carolyn Greig Nadja R. Melo Viktor V. Glupov Ivan M. Dubovskiy Tariq M. Butt Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk Russia Institute of Life Science College of Medicine Swansea University Swansea Wales UK Department of Biosciences College of Science Swansea University Swansea Wales UK

This study examines how the dynamics of fungus-insect interactions can be modulated by temperature. The wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is a well-studied and important model insect whose larvae in the wild develop optimally at around 34 ℃ in beehives. However, surprisingly little research on wax moths has been conducted at relevant temperatures. In this study, the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii inflicted rapid and substantial mortality on wax moth larvae maintained at a constant temperature of 24 ℃, but at 34 ℃ a 10 fold higher dose was required to achieve an equivalent mortality. The cooler temperature favored fungal pathogenicity, with condial adhesion to the cuticle, germination and hemocoel invasion all significantly enhanced at 24 ℃, compared with 34 ℃. The wax moth larvae immune responses altered with the temperature, and with the infective dose of the fungus. Enzyme-based immune defenses （lysozyme and phenoloxidase） exhibited enhanced activity at the warmer temperature. A dramatic upregulation in the basal expression of galiomicin and gallerimycin was triggered by cooling, and this was augmented in the presence of the fungus. Profiling of the predominant insect epicuticular fatty acids revealed a 4-7 fold increase in palmetic, oleic and linoleic acids in larvae maintained at 24 ℃ compared with those at 34 ℃, but these failed to exert fungistatic effects on topically applied fungus. This study demonstrates the importance of choosing environmental conditions relevant to the habitat of the insect host when determining the dynamics and outcome of insect/fungus interactions, and has particular significance for the application of entomopathogens as biocontrol agents.

关键词： biocontrol entomopathogenic fungus immunity Metarhizium temperature

Climate shapes the spatiotemporal variation in color morph diversity and composition across the distribution range of Chrysomela lapponica leaf beetle

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Insect Science 2022年第3期29卷 942-955页

作者： Mikhail V.Kozlov Zowi Oudendijk Anders Forsman Vojtech Lanta Maxwell V.L.Barclay Vladimir I.Gusarov Bert Gustafsson Zheng-Zhong Huang Oksana y.Kruglova yuri M.Marusik yuri E.Mikhailov Marko Mutanen Alexander Schneider Lukas Sekerka maksim E.Sergeev Vitali Zverev Elena L.Zvereva Department of Biology University of TurkuTurkuFinland Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Biology and Environmental Science Linnaeus UniversityKalmarSweden Institute of Botany The Czech Academy of SciencesDukelskaTrebohCzech Republic Department of Life Sciences Natural History MuseumLondonUnited Kingdom Natural History Museum University of OsloOsloNorway Departmant of Zoology Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden elnsititute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Faculty of Biology Belarusian State UniversityMinskBelarus Department of Biocenology Institute for Biological Problems of the NorthFar East Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesMagadanRussia Department of Zoology&Entomology University of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa Department of Ecology&Nature Management Ural State Forest Engineering UniversityYekaterinburgRussia Ecology and Genetics Research Unit University of OuluOuluFinland Department of Terrestrial Zoology Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History MuseumFrankfurt am MainGermany Department of Entomology National MuseumPrague 9CirkusovaCzech Republic Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostokRussia

Color polymorphism offers rich opportunities for studying the eco-evolutionary mechanisms that drive the adaptations of local populations to heterogeneous and changing *** explored the color morph diversity and composition in a Chrysomela lapponica leaf beetle across its entire distribution range to test the hypothesis that environmental and climatic variables shape spatiotemporal variation in the phenotypic structure of a polymorphic *** obtained information on 13617 specimens of this beetle from museums,private collections,and *** specimens(collected from 1830-2020)originated from 959 localities spanning 33°latitude,178°longitude,and 4200 m *** classified the beetles into five color morphs and searched for environmental factors that could explain the variation in the level of polymorphism(quantified by the Shannon diversity index)and in the relative frequencies of individual color *** highest level of polymorphism was found at high latitudes and *** color morphs differed in their climatic requirements;composition of colour morphs was independent of the geographic distance that separated populations but changed with collection year,longitude,mean July temperature and betweenyear temperature *** proportion of melanic beetles,in line with the thermal melanism hypothesis,increased with increasing latitude and altitude and decreased with increasing climate *** morph frequencies also declined during the past century,but only at high latitudes and altitudes where recent climate warming was especially *** observed patterns suggest that color polymorphism is especially advantageous for populations inhabiting unpredictable environments,presumably due to the different climatic requirements of coexisting color morphs.

关键词： adaptive polymorphism color morphs evolutionary dynamics geographic variation phenotypic diversity thermal melanism

Nonlinear polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor coupled to optical bound states in the continuum

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1480-1487页

作者： Vasily Kravtsov Ekaterina Khestanova Fedor A.Benimetskiy Tatiana Ivanova Anton K.Samusev Ivan S.Sinev Dmitry Pidgayko Alexey M.Mozharov Ivan S.Mukhin maksim S.Lozhkin yuri V.Kapitonov Andrey S.Brichkin Vladimir D.Kulakovskii Ivan A.Shelykh Alexander I.Tartakovskii Paul M.Walker Maurice S.Skolnick Dmitry N.Krizhanovskii Ivan V.Iorsh ITMO University Saint Petersburg 197101Russia St.Petersburg Academic University Saint Petersburg 194021Russia Saint Petersburg State University ul.Ulyanovskaya 1Saint Petersburg 198504Russia Institute of Solid State Physics RASChernogolovka 142432Russia Science Institute University of IcelandDunhagi 3IS-107ReykjavikIceland Department of Physics and Astronomy University of SheffieldSheffield S37RHUK

Optical bound states in the continuum(BICs)provide a way to engineer very narrow resonances in photonic *** extended interaction time in these systems is particularly promising for the enhancement of nonlinear optical processes and the development of the next generation of active optical ***,the achievable interaction strength is limited by the purely photonic character of optical ***,we mix the optical BIC in a photonic crystal slab with excitons in the atomically thin semiconductor MoSe_(2) to form nonlinear exciton-polaritons with a Rabi splitting of 27 meV,exhibiting large interaction-induced spectral *** asymptotic BIC-like suppression of polariton radiation into the far field toward the BIC wavevector,in combination with effective reduction of the excitonic disorder through motional narrowing,results in small polariton linewidths below 3 *** with a strongly wavevector-dependent Q-factor,this provides for the enhancement and control of polariton–polariton interactions and the resulting nonlinear optical effects,paving the way toward tuneable BIC-based polaritonic devices for sensing,lasing,and nonlinear optics.

关键词： polar nonlinear continuum