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American Journal of Climate Change 2023年第3期12卷 321-334页

作者： mahendra singh raghuvanshi Rajesh Kumar Sawal Stanzin Landol Ngawang Dorje Latika Pandey Spalbar Enoch Mohammad Raza Anurag Saxena National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning Nagpur India Indian Council of Agricultural Research National Research Centre for Camel Bikaner India Regional Research Station Central Arid Zone Research Institute Leh-Ladakh India Kanya Gurukul Campus (GKV) Haridwar India Indian Council of Agricultural Research National Dairy Research Institute Deemed University Karnal India

Ladakh’s cropped and non-cropped areas suffer greatly from weedy invasion under subsistence agricultural system where weeding is not a priority but total crop + weed biomass together contribute to livestock feeding significantly. As agriculture along with livestock rearing is major activity of livelihood options, thereby contributing significantly to Ladakh economy and income generation for supporting resource poor farmers. Amongst various invasive weed species, the common reed (Phragmites australis) has become a serious ecological threat for agri-silvi-pastoral system biodiversity and accelerated its expansion in cropped lands including many wetland and salt-affected habitats of cold arid region due to its intermediate plant growth habit of C3 - C4 photosynthetic ecotypes. This character makes Phragmites a climate-resilient species, which is a major challenge for cold arid agriculture in the changing climatic patterns. Simultaneously, it is one of the best fodder substitute available under harsh climate. This paper deals with its unique characters and potential threats to the agrobiodiversity of Ladakh.

关键词： Phragmites Ecology Biodiversity Fodder Ladakh

Diagnostic Utility of Indigenous Technique of Pleuroscopy in Undiagnosed Cases of Exudative Pleural Effusions

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Journal of Health Science 2018年第4期6卷 304-309页

作者： Bhavya Atul Shah mahendra singh raghuvanshi Tapan Surana Navedeep Labana Mohammad Zeeshan Mansuri H. G. Varudkar Post Graduate Resident Professor and Head Department of Pulmonary Medicine R.D. Gardi Medical College Ujlain 456006 India

Background and Aims： Since our rural institution has liamted resources we always choose econoamcal options. Recently, indigenous technique of pleuroscopy is gaining popularity due to various advantages. We developed indigenous technique of medical thoracoscopy has been developed and done by using set of patented conduits and fiberoptic bronchoscope （FOB）.Therefore, we have used this technique for undiagnosed pleural effusions. Methods： An observational study was conducted in 79 undiagnosed cases of exudative pleural effusion from June 2016 to Jmmary 2017. Indigenous technique consists of use of fiber optic bronchoscope through various metallic conduits to be used in specified order for medical thoracoscopy. Procedure is done under conscious sedation and conduits are passed one after another in a specified order, through the chest stoma. The visualization of pleural cavity and various procedures were done with FOB （fiberoptic bronchoscope）. Results： Out of the 79 cases, the appearance of pleura showed, inflamed/reddened pleura in 16 （20.2%） cases, thin transparent adhesions in 18 （22.7%）, thin transparent loculations in 16 （20.2%） cases, thick loculations in 6 （7.6%） cases, hard pleural surface in 5 （6.3%）, large nodule/masses in 6 （7.6%）, small amlliary seedlings or sago grain appeoxmlce in 6 （7.6%）, scattered masses or nodules in 5 （6.3%） and, broncho-pleural fistula was observed in 1 （1.2%） case. Histopathological analysis showed chronic inflammation in 34.1% （27）, tubercular lesions in 24.05% （19） of patients. Primary aspergillosis and mesothelioma each has 1 case, and the rest 29.11% （23） were pleural metastasis. Thus, diagnostic yield of pleuroscopy pleural biopsy was 89.9% （71）. Conclusion： Indigenous technique appears to be an efficient and relatively safe procedure with good diagnostic yield in undiagnosed pleural effusions.

关键词： Pleural effusion pleuroscopy t^oracoscopy indigenous technique diagnostic utility fiberoptic bronchoscope.

Bearing capacity of foundations on rock slopes intersected by non-persistent discontinuity

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第5期30卷 669-674页

作者： Divya Shaunik mahendra singh Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee 247667India

Rocks encountered in foundations of heavy structures are invariably intersected by discontinuities(joints).In the past,several studies have been performed by researchers to incorporate the effect of fully persistent joints in the assessment of the load-carrying capacity of ***,in the field,the joints are non-persistent,and an assumption of full persistency will underestimate the ***,Shaunik&singh have studied the influence of non-persistency,number of joint segments and discontinuity orientation on the strength behaviour of rock specimens(Shaunik and singh,2019).Bell’s approach can be used to obtain the bearing capacity of shallow foundations placed in jointed *** the present study,results of the experimental work(Shaunik and singh,2019)conducted by Shaunik&singh have been used to suggest expressions by extending Bell’s approach for computing bearing capacity of the foundation placed near the crown of a rock *** to use design charts are also presented for field ***,a real-life problem from Indian Garhwal Himalayas is considered,and the approach suggested in this study is utilised to obtain the bearing capacity of a bridge foundation as a function of uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of intact rock,joint friction,spacing and orientation of joint,nonpersistency and number of joint segments.

关键词： Uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) Joint segment Discontinuity Non-persistency Bell’s approach

Strength behaviour of a model rock intersected by non-persistent joint

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第6期11卷 1243-1255页

作者： Divya Shaunik mahendra singh Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Several constructions in the field of civil engineering quite often need to deal with *** behaviour of rock intersected by a discontinuity or a set of discontinuities has been a topic of keen interest for engineering *** popular attributes of discontinuities that have been given due importance are their frequency,orientation and surface ***-persistency,however,has been given little *** article presents an experimental study wherein focus has been made on the effect of non-persistency of the joint on the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of a model rock for various geometries such as orientation,discontinuity length ratio and number of joint *** applicability of single plane of weakness theory(SPWT)to assess the strength of jointed specimens has also been *** has been noticed that SPWT captures the strength behaviour only for a narrow range of discontinuity *** an improvement,an approach is suggested by extending concepts of degree of persistence and joint factor to have a better understanding towards strength behaviour of rocks intersected by non-persistent joints.

关键词： Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) Joint segment Non-persistency Joint factor

Seismic analysis of structures with a fractional derivative model of viscoelastic dampers

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2002年第2期1卷 251-260页

作者： Tsu-sheng Chang mahendra P.singh Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics.Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universigy.Blacksburg Virginia24061.USA

Viscoelastic dampers are now among some of the preferred energy dissipation devices used for passive seismic response *** evaluate the performance of structures installed with viscoelastic dampers,different analytical models have been used to characterize their dynamic force deformation *** fractional derivative models have received favorable attention as they can capture the frequency dependence of the material stiffness and damping properties observed in the tests very ***,accurate analytical procedures are needed to calculate the response of structures with such damper *** paper presents a modal analysis approach,similar to that used for the analysis of linear systems,for solving the equations of inotion with fractional derivative terms for arbitrary forcing functions such as those caused by earthquake induced ground *** uncoupled modal equations still have fractional derivatives,but can be solved by numerical or analytical *** numerical and analytical procedures are *** procedures are then used to calculate the dynamic response of a multi-degree of fleedom shear beam structure excited by ground motions. Numerical results demonstrating the response reducing effect of viscoelastic dampers are also presented.

关键词： viscoelastic damper fractioal derivative seismic response

Rifabutin reduces systemic exposure of an antimalarial drug 97/78 upon co-administration in rats:an in-vivo & in-vitro analysis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第8期8卷 620-625页

作者： Yeshwant singh mahendra Kumar Hidau Shio Kumar singh Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research

Objective: To determine the potential drug-drug interactions between anti-malarial candidate 97/78 and anti-tubercular drug rifabutin in-vivo in rats followed by in-vitro investigation of the underlying mechanisms of drug interaction. Methods: Single oral dose study was conducted in male and female rats at 40 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg for 97/78 and rifabutin respectively. Results: It was reported that rifabutin co-administration altered pharmacokinetics of 97/63(active metabolite of 97/78). A significant decrease was reported in the systemic exposure of 97/63 by a factor of 3-4. The AUC0-last values were(4.03 ± 0.60) and(5.44 ± 1.15) μg·h·m L-1 upon 97/78 administration alone, while the values were decreased to(1.13 ± 0.10) and(1.23 ± 1.13) μg·h·m L-1 upon rifabutin co-administration in male and female rats respectively. Statistically significant differences were also reported in Cmax and Tmax values upon rifabutin co-administration. In-vitro drug metabolism study in rat liver microsomes has shown that the metabolism of 97/63 was increased by 10%-12% upon rifabutin co-incubation. The extent of plasma protein binding of 97/63 was found to be decreased from 54%-55% to 6%-8% upon rifabutin addition. Conclusions: It was concluded that rifabutin co-administration altered PK parameters of 97/63 in SD rats. However, no intersex influences were reported in the interaction pattern. The results obtained in the in-vivo study were well correlated with the invitro findings and can further be applied to explore other aspects of potential drug interactions between these two drugs.

关键词： Accumulation Relative bioavailability Sex effect Pharmacokinetics

Thickness Dependent Physical Properties of Thermally Evaporated Nanocrystalline CdSe Thin Films

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第10期28卷 1299-1304页

作者： Anuradha Purohit Subhash Chander Satya Pal Nehra mahendra singh Dhaka Department of Physics Mohanlal Sukhadia University Centre of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Microelectronics Research Center Iowa State University of Science and Technology

This paper presents a study on thickness dependent physical properties of cadmium selenide thin films. The films of thickness 445, 631 and 810 nm were deposited employing thermal evaporation technique on glass and ITO-coated glass substrates followed by thermal annealing in air atmosphere at 200 °C. These films were subjected to X-ray diffractometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and electrometer for structural, optical,surface morphological and electrical analysis respectively. The structural analysis reveals that the films are nanocrystalline in nature with cubic phase and preferred orientation（111）. The crystallographic parameters such as lattice constant, interplanar spacing, grain size, internal strain, dislocation density, number of crystallites per unit area and texture coefficient are calculated and discussed. The optical band gap is found in the range 1.75-1.92 e V and observed to increase with *** SEM study shows that the annealed films are uniform, fully covered and well defined. The electrical analysis shows that the conductivity is varied with film thickness and found within the order of semiconductor behavior.

关键词： Thin films X-ray diffraction Optical properties Electrical properties Evaporation

Monitoring and evaluation of building ventilation system fans operation using performance curves

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Energy and Built Environment 2020年第3期1卷 307-318页

作者： mahendra singh Muhyiddine Jradi Hamid Reza Shaker Center for Energy Informatics University of Southern DenmarkCampusvej 555230Denmark

Ventilation fans are an important component of any mechanically ventilated *** fan performance could significantly affect the whole building performance *** are several issues such as dirty blades,mechanical wear,aging of fans could impact the fan’s *** present work,a novel,indirect and data-driven methodology is introduced to monitor the ventilation fan unit *** proposed method is able to perform continuous monitoring of ventilation fan unit in *** real-time performance of 3 Air handling unit(AHU)fans is examined in an academic *** fan performance is modeled with the help of manufacturer data and compared against the real-time *** data-driven models are developed and *** first model is used to compute expected total fan pressure at a given airflow rate while second is a Support Vector Regression(SVR)model,to predict the fan *** performance monitoring of the ventilation fan unit is determined in terms of expected and actual fan energy *** indicated a significant performance gap in three ventilation fan unit in a case building known as OU44,located in city Odense,*** advantage of this method comprises simplicity,no direct human intervention and scalability to the series of ventilation units.

关键词： Buildings Ventilation system Fan unit Performance curve Modeling Fan efficiency Energy consumption HVAC Performance testing Support vector regression(SVR) Polynomial regression

Understanding human-leopard conflict in the ‘Mid-hill’ region of western Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第12期20卷 3464-3475页

作者： LAMICHHANE Saroj THAPA Arjun THAPA mahendra singh PANTHI Saroj GIORDANO Anthony J School of Forestry and Natural Resources Management Institute of ForestryKirtipur 44613Nepal Institute of Fundamental Research and Studies(InFeRS) Baniyatar 44608Nepal Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Forestry Office of DeanKirtipur 44613Nepal Ministry of Industry TourismForest and EnvironmentKaski 33700Nepal SPECIES-The Society for the Preservation of Endangered Carnivores and their International Ecology Study VenturaCA 93006USA

Livestock rearing and agriculture are the main sources of community-based livelihoods in western *** the rural mid-hills region of Gandaki Province,leopards are the top predator and frequently depredate livestock and attack *** patterns of human-leopard conflicts(HLC) in Nepal are poorly known at the provincial and national scales,which are essential to formulating effective conflict mitigation strategies and implementing them in the *** study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of HLC by applying Maxent modeling to covariates relating to known and registered conflict cases(n=842) collected from Nepalese government *** found that cases of HLC have been increasing significantly over the past five *** also concluded that mid-elevation,south-facing slopes were more susceptible to HLC,but that mean annual temperature was by far the most important predictor of HLC;overall livestock density and proximity to roads were also important,but secondarily *** we found the increase in human fatalities to 2.16/year was significant(p0.05).However,we also found an increasing trend in livestock depredation rates for this same five-year period(p<0.05),which averaged 159.6 head/year among incidents *** also found that winter was the main season when depredations occurred,and that goats were the most depredated of all livestock.A total US $86,892.25($17,378.45/year) of economic losses were incurred by communities during this time,with 78.57% of the total value reimbursed as compensatory relief through the government’s relief *** recommend that the use of predator-proof livestock corrals,greater awareness in local communities about wildlife behavior,better animal husbandry and security practices,and a more efficient compensation program,can improve coexistence between leopard populations and human communities in western Nepal.

关键词： Coexistence Compensation Economic loss Human-wildlife conflict Livestock depredation Maximum entropy Problem animals Sustainable livelihood

A Modified Plate Assay for Rapid Screening of Potassium-Solubilizing Bacteria

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Pedosphere 2016年第5期26卷 768-773页

作者： mahendra Vikram singh RAJAWAT Surender singh Satya Prakash TYAGI Anil Kumar SAXENA Division of Microbiology Indian Agricultural Research Institute

The utility of microorganisms for solubilizing the unavailable forms of potassium(K) from soil has led to renewed interest in fabrication of rapid and sensitive plate assays for their isolation and screening. The present study developed a modified plate assay and compared it with previously reported methods for the isolation and screening of K-solubilizing bacteria. The newly developed plate assay is based on improved visualization of halo zone formation around the colonies on agar plates, through inclusion of an acid-base indicator dye, bromothymol blue(BTB), to modify the previously reported Aleksandrov medium. The halo zone exhibited a significant correlation(R = 0.939) with K released in liquid medium. The visualization of potential K solubilizers was improved using this method, which would help in detection of weak/non-acid producers based on secretion of organic acids in the medium. Organic acids in plate diffuse radially and form halo zones in response to reaction with the acid-base indicator dye BTB. Furthermore, K solubilization on plates with this method can be observed within 48–72 h, against the incubation time of 4–5 d needed in the earlier method. Therefore, the newly developed protocol for the plate assay was time saving, more sensitive, and beneficial in comparison to the previously reported Aleksandrov plate assay.

关键词： bromothymol blue (BTB) Aleksandrov medium halo zone formation indicator dye K solubilizers microorganisms