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Alkaline phosphatase as a bio-indicator of phosphorus-eutrophy in freshwater ecosystems: A review

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第3期38卷 349-360页

作者： madhulika Singh Jitendra Pandey Ganga River Ecology Research Laboratory Environmental Science Division Centre of Advanced Study in Botany Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University

Limnologists have greatly advanced the understanding of indicators of phosphorus(P)-eutrophy in surface waters. Biotic variables such as macro-invertebrates, fish, zooplankton, benthic algae, and diatoms are extensively used for bio-assessment of eutrophy. New concepts highlight the importance of bed-sediment based “response” variables predicting functional shifts during eutrophication. A cross analysis of studies reveals that alkaline phosphatase(ALP), which serves as a proxy of P-deficiency, and also as an indicator of benthic anoxia/hypoxia-driven feedbacks, can be an easy to measure, cost-effective and reliable tool to assess changes in nutrient stoichiometry, trophic status, and ecological functioning at the sediment-water interface. Here, the issues discussed in this paper are highly relevant to explore new domains of research and “response” based ecosystem models for potential eutrophication management decisions. Because ALP is used in molecular cloning and fingerprinting studies, it is suggested that approaches based on the “omics” technologies need to be used to explore more intricate connections to empirically address ALP-P-eutrophy linkages to track eutrophication in freshwater ecosystems.

关键词： Alkaline phosphatase Sediment based-indicators Ecosystem feedback Nutrient stoichiometry Phosphorus-eutrophy

Surgery for inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第17期14卷 2678-2690页

作者： John M Hwang madhulika G Varma Center for Colorectal Surgery Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco

Despite the new and ever expanding array of medications for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there are still clear indications for operative management of IBD and its complications. We present an ove... 详细信息

关键词： Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Operation Surgical treatment Ileal pouch

Improved photocatalytic degradation of organic dye using Ag3PO4/MoS2 nanocomposite

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2017年第4期11卷 366-374页

作者： madhulika SHARMA Pranab Kishore MOHAPATRA Dhirendra BAHADUR Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India

Highly efficient Ag3PO4/MoS2 nanocomposite photocatalyst was synthe- sized using a wet chemical route with a low weight percentage of highly exfoliated MoS2 （0.1 wt.%） and monodispersed Ag3PO4 nanoparticles （-5.4 nm）. The structural and optical properties of the nanocomposite were studied using various characterization techniques, such as XRD, TEM, Raman and absorption spectroscopy. The composite exhibits markedly enhanced photocatalytic activity with a low lamp power （60 W）. Using this composite, a high kinetic rate constant （k） value of 0.244 min^-1 was found. It was observed that -97.6% of dye degrade over the surface of nanocomposite catalyst within 15 min of illumination. The improved photocatalytic activity of Ag3PO4/MoS2 nanocomposite is attributed to the efficient interfacial charge separation, which was supported by the PL results. Large surface area of MoS2 nanosheets incorporated with well dispersed Ag3PO4 nanoparticles further increases charge separation, contributing to enhanced degradation efficiency. A possible mechanism for charge separation is also discussed.

关键词： Ag2PO4/MoS2 nanocomposite methylene blue degradation efficiency photocatalysis

Protective effects of lupeol and mango extract against androgen induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第2期10卷 313-318页

作者： Sahdeo Prasad Neetu Kalra madhulika Singh Yogeshwer Shukla Environmental Carcinogenesis Division Industrial Toxicology Research Centre Lucknow 226001 India

Aim： To investigate antioxidant potential of lupeol/mango pulp extract （MPE） in testosterone induced oxidative stress in prostate of male Swiss albino mice. Methods： Oral treatment of lupeol （1 mg/animal） and MPE （1 mL [20% w/v]/ animal） was given separately to animals along with subcutaneous injection of testosterone （5 mg/kg body weight） consecutively for 15 days. At the end of the study period, the prostate was dissected out for the determination of reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes status （catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase）. Results： In testosterone treated animals, increased ROS resulted in depletion of antioxidant enzymes and increase in lipid peroxidation in mouse prostate. However, lupeol/MPE treatment resulted in a decrease in ROS levels with restoration in the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion： The results of the present study demonstrate that lupeol/MPE are effective in combating oxidative stress-induced cellular injury of mouse prostate. Mango and its constituents, therefore, deserve study as a potential chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer. （Asian J Androl 2008 Mar; 10： 313-318）

关键词： mango pulp extract lupeol testosterone oxidative stress antioxidant enzymes prostate cancer

Genetic differentiation between three ecological variants （‘type’, ＇mysorensis＇ and ‘intermediate’） of malaria vector Anopheles stephensi （Diptera： Culicidae）

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Insect Science 2010年第4期17卷 335-343页

作者： Vipin madhulika Dube S. K. Gakhar Advanced Centre for Biotechnology Department of Statistics Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak India

Anopheles stephensi is the main vector of urban malaria in South Asia. Three ecological variants （‘type’, ‘mysorensis’ and ‘intermediate’） of An. stephensi have been reported on the basis of ecology and egg morphology. However, it is unclear if there is any genetic isolation between the three variants. We analyzed the three variants of An. stephensi using eight microsatellite loci and found that large and significant genetic differentiation exists between them （mean FST = 0.393 and mean RST = 0.422）. Pairwise estimates of genetic differentiation between the variants were ‘type’ versus ‘mysorensis’ （mean FsT = 0.411 and mean RST = 0.308）, ‘type’ versus‘intermediate’ （mean FsT = 0.388 and mean RST = 0.518） and ‘intermediate’versus ＇mysorensis＇（mean FST = 0.387 and mean RST = 0.398） and all were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. The greater sensitivity of RST in differentiation indicated that mutations and not genetic drift had generated the differences between three variants of An. stephensi. The present study indicated large genetic differentiation and presence of non-significant low level ofgene flow between the three variants （‘type’,‘ mysorensis’ and ‘intermediate’） of An. stephensi.

关键词： Anopheles stephensi ecological variants gene flow intermediate mysorensis type

Pathophysiology of constipation in the older adult

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第17期14卷 2631-2638页

作者： G Lindsay McCrea Christine Miaskowski Nancy A Stotts Liz Macera madhulika G Varma Departments of Physiological Nursing University of California Department of Surgery University of California

This review provides information on the definition of constipation, normal continence and defecation and a description of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of constipation. In addition, changes in the anatomy and physiology of the lower gastrointestinal tract associated with aging that may contribute to constipation are described. MEDLINE (1966-2007) and CINAHL (1980-2007) were searched. The following MeSH terms were used: constipation/etiology OR constipation/ physiology OR constipation/physiopathology) AND (age factors OR aged OR older OR 80 and over OR middle age). Constipation is not well defined in the literature. While self-reported constipation increases with age, findings from a limited number of clinical studies that utilized objective measures do not support this association. Dysmotility and pelvic floor dysfunction are important mechanisms associated with constipation. Changes in GI function associated with aging appear to be relatively subtle based on a limited amount of conflicting data. Additional research is warranted on the effects of aging on GI function, as well as on the timing of these changes.

关键词： Constipation Mechanisms Functional consti-pation, Dysmotility, Older adults Pelvic floor dysfunction,Gastrointestinal tract

Hospitalized ulcerative colitis patients have an elevated risk of thromboembolic events

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第8期15卷 927-935页

作者： Jennifer Y Wang Jonathan P Terdiman Eric Vittinghoff Tracy Minichiello madhulika G Varma Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143 United States Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143 United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143 United States

AIM: To compare thromboembolism rates between hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and other hospitalized patients at high risk for thromboembolism. To compare thromboembolism rates between patients with ulcerative colitis undergoing a colorectal operation and other patients undergoing colorectal operations. METHODS: Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey was used to compare thromboembolism rates between (1) hospitalized patients with a discharge diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and those with diverticulitis or acute respiratory failure, and (2) hospitalized patients with a discharge diagnosis of ulcerative colitis who underwent colectomy and those with diverticulitis or colorectal cancer who underwent colorectal operations. RESULTS: Patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis had similar or higher rates of combined venous thromboembolism (2.03%) than their counterparts with diverticulitis (0.76%) or respiratory failure (1.99%), despite the overall greater prevalence of thromboembolic risk factors in the latter groups. Discharged patients with colitis that were treated surgically did not have signifi cantly different rates of venous or arterial thromboembolism than those with surgery for diverticulitis or colorectal ***: Patients with ulcerative colitis who do not undergo an operation during their hospitalization have similar or higher rates of thromboembolism than other medical patients who are considered to be high risk for thromboembolism.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Thromboembolism Hospitalized patients

A transformed analytical model for thermal noise of FinFET based on fringing field approximation

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Journal of Semiconductors 2016年第9期37卷 57-64页

作者： Savitesh madhulika Sharma S.Dasgupta M.V.Kartikeyan Microelectonics and VLSI Group Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology

This paper delineates the effect of nonplanar structure of Fin FETs on noise performance. We demonstrate the thermal noise analytical model that has been inferred by taking into account the presence of an additional inverted region in the extended（underlap） S/D region due to finite gate electrode thickness. Noise investigation includes the effects of source drain resistances which become significant as channel length becomes shorter. In this paper, we evaluate the additional noise caused by three dimensional（3-D） structure of the single fin device and then extended analysis of the multi-fin and multi-fingers structure. The addition of fringe field increases its minimum noise figure and noise resistance of approximately 1 d B and 100Ω respectively and optimum admittance increases to 5.45 mΩ at 20 GHz for a device operating under saturation region. Hence, our transformed model plays a significant function in evaluation of accurate noise performance at circuit level.

关键词： Fin FET thermal noise model

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Improved Specificity for Breast Cancer Screening Using an Oncogenic(miRNA-21)and a Gene Suppressor(miRNA-195)miRNA in the Serum for a Point of Care(POC)Screening Solution

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第6期36卷 549-552页

作者： Krishnamoorthy Kokilavani Ancy Terryna Chanayiltharayil John Bindu Salim madhulika Vijayakumar Sankar Ganesh Jeyaraj PSG Institute of Advanced Studies Avinashi RoadPeelameduCoimbatore641004 PSG Institute of Medical Science and Research Avinashi Road PeelameduCoimbatore641004 PSG Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and ResearchCoimbatoreTamil Nadu641004India PSG Centre for Genetics and Molecular Biology Off Avinashi RoadPeelameduCoimbatoreTamil Nadu641004India

The overall incidence and burden caused by breast cancer is increasing,affecting the global socio-economic development and life expectancy[1].According to“WHO Global Breast Cancer Initiative(GBCI)reports”,if the mortality rate due to breast cancer can be reduced by 2.4%annually,we may prevent 2.5 million breast cancer deaths between2020-2040.

关键词： Breast Cancer Serum

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