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Oil Crop Science 2021年第1期6卷 8-11页

作者： Ankur Agarwal Om Prakash madhu Bala Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research Defence R&D OrganizationGoraparaoP.OArjunpurHaldwaniUttarakhand263139India

Camelina(Camelina sativa)has emerged as a potential biofuel crop globally with its suitability even as a jet fuel source with 75–80%less greenhouse gas emissions compared to common petroleum *** crop has originated from Mediterranean region and belongs to Brassicaceae ***,DRDO has made initial and pioneer efforts in successful introduction of this crop to India and its agro-technology *** a short duration crop with lesser input requirement,it fits well in the cropping pattern of hilly states of Indian *** areas experience fallow land due to shortage of irrigation water for growing other *** present study revealed that irrigation at flowering stage is more *** at this stage(if only one irrigation is available)exhibited grain yield of 1.004 kg·m^(-2)which was 21 and 80%higher over pod setting and rosette stage irrigation,*** maximum seed yield was observed under treatment where irrigation was provided at all three crop growth stages(2.044 kg·m^(-2)).It was 50%higher over T6 treatment(where two irrigations were given at rosette and flowering stage)and 104%higher over T3(where only one irrigation was given at flowering stage).

关键词： Irrigation scheduling Water requirement Water deficit Biofuel crop False flax

Impact of the source and serial passaging of goat mesenchymal stem cells on osteogenic differentiation potential:implications for bone tissue engineering

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第4期7卷 482-494页

作者： Hoda Elkhenany Lisa Amelse Marc Caldwell Ramadan Abdelwahed madhu Dhar Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences University of Tennessee Department of Surgery Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAlexandria University

Background： Adult mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） can be conveniently sampled from bone marrow, peripheral blood, muscle, adipose and connective tissue, harvested from various species, including, rodents, dogs, cats, horses, sheep, goats and human beings. The MSCs isolated from adult tissues vary in their morphological and functional properties. These variations are further complicated when cells are expanded by passaging in culture. These differences and changes in MSCs must be considered prior to their application in the clinic or in a basic research study. Goats are commonly used as animal models for bone tissue engineering to test the potential of stem cells for bone regeneration. As a result, goat MSCs isolated from bone marrow or adipose tissue should be evaluated using in vitro assays, prior to their application in a tissue engineering project. Results： In this study, we compared the stem cell properties of MSCs isolated from goat bone marrow and adipose tissue. We used quantitative and qualitative assays with a focus on osteogenesis, including, colony forming unit, rate of cell proliferation, tri-lineage differentiation and expression profiling of key signal transduction proteins to compare MSCs from low and high passages. Primary cultures generated from each source displayed the stem cell characteristics, with variations in their osteogenic potentials. Most importantly, low passaged bone marrow MSCs displayed a significantly higher and superior osteogenic potential, and hence, will be the preferred choice for bone tissue engineering in future in vivo experiments. In the bone marrow MSCs, this process is potentially mediated by the p38 MAPK pathway. On the other hand, osteogenic differentiation in the adipose tissue MSCs may involve the p44/42 MAPK pathway. Conclusions： Based on these data, we can conclude that bone marrow and fat-derived MSCs undergo osteogenesis via two distinct signaling pathways. Even though the bone marrow MSCs are the preferred source fo

关键词： Caprine mesenchymal Osteogenesis stem cells

Promise of metformin for preventing age-related cognitive dysfunction

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第3期17卷 503-507页

作者： Leelavathi N.madhu Maheedhar Kodali Ashok K.Shetty Institute for Regenerative Medicine Department of Molecular and Cellular MedicineTexas A&M University College of MedicineCollege StationTXUSA

The expanded lifespan of people,while a positive advance,has also amplified the prevalence of age-related disorders,which include mild cognitive impairment,dementia,and Alzheimer's ***,competent therapies that could improve the healthspan of people have great *** of the dietary and pharmacological approaches that augment the lifespan could also preserve improved cognitive function in old ***,a drug widely used for treating diabetes,is one such candidate that could alleviate age-related cognitive ***,the possible use of metformin to alleviate age-related cognitive dysfunction has met with conflicting results in human and animal *** most clinical studies have suggested the promise of metformin to maintain better cognitive function and reduce the risk for developing dementia and Alzheimer's disease in aged diabetic people,its efficacy in the nondiabetic population is still ***,a previous animal model study implied that metformin could adversely affect cognitive function in the ***,a recent animal study using multiple behavioral tests has reported that metformin treatment in late middle age improved cognitive function in old *** study also revealed that cognitionenhancing effects of metformin in aged animals were associated with the activation of the energy regulator adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,diminished neuroinflammation,inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling,and augmented autophagy in the *** proficiency of metformin to facilitate these favorable modifications in the aged hippocampus likely underlies its positive effect on cognitive ***,additional studies probing the outcomes of different doses and durations of metformin treatment at specific windows in the middle and old age across sex in nondiabetic and non-obese prototypes are required to substantiate the promise of metformin to maintain better cognitive fun

关键词： activated microglia aging autophagy cognitive dysfunction memory metformin mTOR signaling neuroinflammation

Numerical investigations on HCCI engine with increased induction induced swirl and engine speed

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第10期22卷 3837-3848页

作者： T.Karthikeya Sharma G.Amba Prasad Rao K.madhu Murthy Department of Mechanical Engineering NIT

Homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI) mode of combustion is popularly known for achieving simultaneous reduction of NOx as well as soot emissions as it combines the compression ignition(CI) and spark ignition(SI) engine features. In this work, a CI engine was simulated to work in HCCI mode and was analyzed to study the effect of induction induced swirl under varying speeds using three-zone extended coherent flame combustion model(ECFM-3Z, compression ignition) of STAR-CD. The analysis was done considering speed ranging from 800 to 1600 r/min and swirl ratios from 1 to 4. The present study reveals that ECFM-3Z model has well predicted the performance and emissions of CI engine in HCCI mode. The simulation predicts reduced in-cylinder pressures, temperatures, wall heat transfer losses, and piston work with increase in swirl ratio irrespective of engine speed. Also, simultaneous reduction in CO2 and NOx emissions is realized with higher engine speeds and swirl ratios. Low speeds and swirl ratios are favorable for low CO2 emissions. It is observed that increase in engine speed causes a marginal reduction in in-cylinder pressures and temperatures. Also, higher turbulent energy and velocity magnitude levels are obtained with increase in swirl ratio, indicating efficient combustion necessitating no modifications in combustion chamber design. The investigations reveal a total decrease of 38.68% in CO2 emissions and 12.93% in NOx emissions when the engine speed increases from 800 to 1600 r/min at swirl ratio of 4. Also an increase of 14.16% in net work done is obtained with engine speed increasing from 800 to 1600 r/min at swirl ratio of 1. The simulation indicates that there is a tradeoff observed between the emissions and piston work. It is finally concluded that the HCCI combustion can be regarded as low temperature combustion as there is significant decrease in in-cylinder temperatures and pressures at higher speeds and higher swirl ratios.

关键词： HCCI engine ECFM-3Z swirl ratio emissions and performance

Optical properties of amorphous thin film of Se-Te-Ag system prepared by using thermal evaporation technique

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2011年第1期21卷 36-39页

作者： madhu MISHRA Rashmi CHAUHAN Anju KATIYAR K.K.SRIVASTAVA Department of Physics Dayanand Braiendra Swarup D.B.S.(P.G.) CollegeKanpur(U.P.)India Department of Physics D.A-V.(P.G.) CollegeKanpur(U.P.)India Department of Physics Dayanand Brajendra Swarup D.B.S.(P.G.) CollegeKanpur(U.P.)India

Optical reflection and transmission spectra of Se80-xTe20Agx(where x=0,5,10 and 15,molar percent) chalcogenide thin films have been obtained in the range 300-1 200 nm at room *** samples are prepared by melt quenching technique and thin films are obtained by using vacuum evaporation technique on glass transition at room *** present paper reports the effect of Ag contents on various optical parameters such as optical band gap,refractive index,extinction coefficient,absorption *** spectra are used for calculating these optical *** band gap Egis determined from the plot of (ahv)1/2versus *** and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant changes slightly with the variation of Ag contents in different *** film exhibits indirect band gap which increases with increasing Ag *** observed behavior is explained on the basis of Davis and Mott model for the density of *** absorption coefficient of thin films exhibits linear dependence on photon *** optical parameters are calculated by using theory of *** the optical parameters change with the variation of the film *** spectrophotometer JASCO-UV/VIS/NIR is used to determine optical constants.

关键词： chalcogenide thin film band gap optical constant

Control of peak pressures of an HCCI engine under varying swirl and operating parameters

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Frontiers in Energy 2016年第3期10卷 337-346页

作者： T. KARTHIKEYA SHARMA G. AMBA PRASAD RAO K. madhu MURTHY Department of Mechanical Engineering NIT Warangal Warangal506004 India

The major advantages of homogeneous charge compression ignition （HCCI） are high efficiency in combination with low NOx-emissions. However, one of the major challenges with HCCI is the control of higher peak pressures which may damage the engine, limiting the HCCI engine life period. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze computationally the effect of induction swirl in controlling the peak pressures of an HCCI engine under various operating parameters. A single cylinder 1.6 L reentrant piston bowl diesel engine is chosen. For computational analysis, the ECFM-3Z model of STAR - CD is considered because it is suitable for analyzing the combustion processes in SI and CI engines. As an HCCI engine is a hybrid version of SI and CI engines, the ECFM- 3Z model with necessary modifications is used to analyze the peak pressures inside the combustion chamber. The ECFM-3Z model for HCCI mode of combustion is validated with the existing literature to make sure that the results obtained are accurate. Numerical experiments are performed to study the effect of varying properties like speed of the engine, piston bowl geometry, exhaust gas recirculation （EGR） and equivalence ratio under different swirl ratios in controlling the peak pressures inside the combustion chamber. The results show that the swirl ratio has a considerable impact on controlling the peak pressures of HCCI engine. A reduction in peak pressures are observed with a swirl ratio of 4 because of reduced in cylinder temperatures. The combined effect of four operating parameters, i.e., the speed of the engine, piston bowl geometry, EGR, and equivalence ratio with swirl ratios suggest that lower intake temperatures, reentrant piston bowl, higher engine speeds and higher swirl ratios are favorable in controlling the peak pressures.

关键词： HCCI engine ECFM-3Z Swirl ratio peak pressures engine speed piston bowl geometry

An experimental investigation of wire electrical discharge machining of hot-pressed boron carbide

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2015年第4期11卷 344-349页

作者： Ravindranadh BOBBILI V.madhu A.K.GOGIA Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory

The present work discusses the experimental study on wire-cut electric discharge machining of hot-pressed boron *** effects of machining parameters,such as pulse on time(TON),peak current(IP),flushing pressure(FP) and spark voltage on material removal rate(MRR)and surface roughness(R_a) of the material,have been *** parameters are found to have an effect on the surface integrity of boron carbide machined *** rate of brass wire increases with rise in input energy in machining of hot-pressed boron *** surfaces of machined samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The influence of machining parameters on mechanism of MRR and R_a was *** was demonstrated that higher TON and peak current deteriorate the surface finish of boron carbide samples and result in the formation of large craters,debris and micro *** generation of spherical particles was noticed and it was attributed to surface tension of molten ***-ridges were also observed on the surface due to protrusion of molten material at higher discharge energy levels.

关键词：电火花加工碳化硼热压制实验扫描电子显微镜材料去除率表面粗糙度电火花线切割

Hidden Markov Models Incorporating Fuzzy Measures and Integrals for Protein Sequence Identification and Alignment

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2008年第2期6卷 98-110页

作者： Niranjan P. Bidargaddi madhu Chetty Joarder Kamruzzaman Gippsland School of Computing and Information Technology Monash University Churchill VIC 3842 Aus-tralia

Profile hidden Markov models （HMMs） based on classical HMMs have been widely applied for protein sequence identification. The formulation of the forward and backward variables in profile HMMs is made under statistical independence assumption of the probability theory. We propose a fuzzy profile HMM to overcome the limitations of that assumption and to achieve an improved alignment for protein sequences belonging to a given family. The proposed model fuzzifies the forward and backward variables by incorporating Sugeno fuzzy measures and Choquet integrals, thus further extends the generalized HMM. Based on the fuzzified forward and backward variables, we propose a fuzzy Baum-Welch parameter estimation algorithm for profiles. The strong correlations and the sequence preference involved in the protein structures make this fuzzy architecture based model as a suitable candidate for building profiles of a given family, since the fuzzy set can handle uncertainties better than classical methods.

关键词： fuzzy profile HMM sequence alignment fuzzy measure fuzzy integral

Soil and onsite nutrient conservation potential of aromatic grasses at field scale under a shifting cultivated,degraded catchment in Eastern Ghats,India

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第3期33卷 340-350页

作者： Partha Pratim Adhikary Hunsur Chikkanarasimhaiah Hombegowda Dhananjay Barman Madegowda madhu ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Research Centre ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres

Land degradation due to soil erosion is a global problem, especially on cultivated hill slopes. Economically important aromatic grasses can protect degraded hill slopes more effectively than field crops, but little information is available on their performance. This study quantifies runoff, sediment yield,enrichment ratios of soil and nutrients, and sediment-associated organic carbon and nutrients losses under three aromatic grass species: citronella(Cymbopogon nardus), lemon(Cymbopogon flexuosus), and palmarosa(Cymbopogon martini), compared with a traditional field crop, finger millet(Eleusine coracana)grown at three land slopes(4%, 8%, and 12%). It was observed that the degree of slope and type of grass both significantly influenced runoff generation. Runoff and sediment yield(SY) were significantly higher at 12% slope than at 8% and 4% slopes. Relation between rainfall and runoff were significant for all the grass species(p < 0.05). Palmarosa, lemon, and citronella grass reduced the SY by 10, 54, and 60%,respectively, over finger millet. SY was also significantly related to rainfall for all the treatments(p <0.05). The threshold runoff values to produce SY were higher for aromatic grasses compared to finger millet. Enrichment of clay, silt, sand, soil organic carbon(SOC), available nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) in the sediment were not significantly different between slopes but differed significantly between aromatic grasses and finger millet. Sediment associated nutrient load varied inversely with SY mainly because of the nutrient dissolution effect of high runoff volume. Annual loss of SOC and nutrients varied from 84.7-156.8 kg ha-1y-1for SOC, 4.38-9.18 kg ha-1y-1for available N, 0.35-0.75 kg ha-1y-1for available P, and 2.22-5.22 kg ha-1y-1for available K, with the lowest values for citronella and highest for finger millet. The study found that the aromatic grasses have greater environmental conservation values than finger millet on steep degrade

关键词： Aromatic grass Enrichment ratio Nutrient loss Runoff Sediment yield

Design and development of self-cleaning PV sliding system

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Clean Energy 2022年第3期6卷 392-403页

作者： Vinay Gupta madhu Sharma Rupendra Pachauri K N Dinesh Babu Department of Electrical Engineering Manipal University Jaipur-303007India School of Engineering University of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradun-248007India Megger Group Ltd MylaporeChennai-600004India

This study describes the designing steps of the proposed self-cleaning system for the photovoltaic(PV)system and experimentally investigates the effectiveness of the proposed self-cleaning PV sliding system for solar power plants under all Indian climate *** investigate the performance of the proposed self-cleaning PV sliding system,we used three PV panels of 20 W with a sliding structure and another set of three PV panels of 20 W with a traditional(fixed)technique,and recorded the output power for the period of December 2019 to April *** experimental results show that the proposed self-cleaning PV sliding system improved efficiency by 18.3%,13.3%and 6.4%,respectively,in the summer,winter and post-monsoon seasons when compared to the fixed PV *** results also revealed that energy consumption was very low when compared to the amount of energy *** proposed system not only cleans the PV system,but also protects it from *** results of this study show that there is a significant improvement in PV efficiency and thus an increase in electricity production under all climate conditions.

关键词： solar energy photovoltaics cleaning soiling hailstorm protection sliding PV system