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Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous and Hydroethanolic Extracts from Three Anticancerous Fabaceae of Northern Cameroon Pharmacopoeia

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第6期12卷 19-32页

作者： Halmata Mohamadou landry Lienou Lienou richard Simo Tagne Herve Pabamé Kada Elisee Libert Enyengue Embolo Grace Kembaou Nganwa Jean Louis Oyono Essame Piere Michel Dongmo Jazet Anatomy and Cytology Pathology Laboratory Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM) Yaound Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon General Hospital of Garoua (HGG) Garoua Cameroon Anatomo-Cytopathology Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Background: Cancer continues to pose a significant threat to our society, representing one of the most pressing health concerns worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts from Acacia nilotica (An), Bauhinia reticulate (Br), and Tamarindus indica (Ti) of Fabaceae family, traditionally used in Northern Cameroon for cancer treatment. Methods: The phytochemical screening of the three plants was conducted using conventional colorimetric methods, followed by the measurement of total phenol content, flavonoids, and tannins. The antiradical and antioxidant activities of both plant extracts were assessed through FrAP, ABTS, and DPPH methods. A principal components analysis was employed to correlate the quantities of the evaluated secondary metabolites with the activities. results: Both types of extracts from the three plants contain alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, coumarins, anthocyanins, and anthraquinones. The aqueous extracts of Br and An are significantly richer (p Conclusion: The three Fabaceae plants from northern Cameroon, prepared in different solvents, can be utilized for their antiradical properties in cancer treatment.

关键词： Cancer Antioxidant Fabaceae Phenolic Compounds Aqueous Extract Hydroethanolic Extract

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Assessing the Efficacy of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) Extracts in Combating Black Pod Disease: Sustainable Solutions for Controlling Phytophthora megakarya in Cameroon’s Cocoa Plantations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 519-537页

作者： Gertrude Membang James Michel Tchotet Tchoumi Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong Emmanuel Yvan Mba Ela Sylvere landry Lontsi Dida Ludovic Tchuenkam Tsango Pascal Loïc Ekango Mbondjo Fritz Oben Tabi Innovative Plant Health Laboratory Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA)-Bafia Annex University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon IDepartment of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The use of plant extracts as antifungal agents is gaining increasing attention, particularly for the control of black pod disease in cocoa. Despite extensive research, current strategies haven’t been entirely effective. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Cymbopogon citratus and Blumea balsamifora leaf extracts, both individually and in combination, against Phytophthora megakarya. We assessed the efficacy of the most promising combination (75% B. balsamifera, 25% C. citratus) after storage at room temperature for up to 9 days. Agar microdilution and in vivo bioassays were conducted to determine antifungal susceptibility and effectiveness. Blumea extract exhibited the highest overall inhibitory activity, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (117 µl mL−1) while C. citratus had a narrower range of MIC (146 to 233 µl mL−1). The combination of C. citratus and B. balsamifera demonstrated a synergistic effect against P. megakarya, achieving growth inhibition on V8 media (92.72 ± 4.20% to 100%) and on artificially infected detached pod cortex (92.24 ± 4.53% to 98.75 ± 1.25%), which was not significantly different from the positive control (ridomil). Furthermore, this combination maintained its effectiveness for up to 9 days at room temperature. These findings suggest that combining plant extracts can enhance their antifungal properties.

关键词： Plant Extracts Antifungal Agents Synergistic Effect Black Pod Disease Cocoa

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Biological Profile and Cardiovascular risk in Patients receiving Neuroleptics at the Psychiatric Department of the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第6期12卷 33-42页

作者： landry Martial Miguel Paul Gandou Justecidi Kiang Choupette ravelle Dobhat-Doukakini Didier Gesril Njilo Tchatchouang Childerick Lekana Destin Mbemba Bahamboula Archange Emmanuel Mboungou Malonga Donatien Moukassa Alain Maxime Mouanga Ange Antoine Abena Biochemical and Pharmacology Laboratory Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Psychiatric Department University Hospital Center Brazzaville Republic of Congo Department of Biological Sciences Dnis Sassou-NGuesso University Kintl Republic of Congo

Several studies report the problem of cardiovascular tolerance of treatments with neuroleptics, given the important number of morbidities in patients with mental illnesses. This preliminary work aimed to describe the epidemiological and biological profile of patients taking neuroleptics and followed in the psychiatry department of Brazzaville University Hospital, from the angle of cardiovascular risk. Fifty (50) patients (17 men and 33 women), with a mean age of 33.9 10.7 years, were included. Epidemiological data (sex, age, tobacco or alcohol consumption) were collected on pre-established survey forms. Biochemical (total cholesterol, HDL-c, triglycerides and atherogenicity index) and inflammatory parameters (ultra-sensitive CrP, troponin I and NT-ProBNP) were investigated using enzymatic and indirect immunofluorescence technical, respectively. The results obtained showed that 54% of patients were obese, 94% were non-smokers, and 12% had high blood pressure. 10% of patients had high total cholesterol levels and 90% had HDL cholesterol levels below 60 mg/dl. Triglycerides and atherogenicity index were significantly elevated in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI). Ultrasensitive CrP was elevated in 38% of patients. In conclusion, this study revealed an association between lipid parameters (triglycerides and atherogenicity index) in relation to BMI in patients taking neuroleptics followed in the Psychiatry Department of University Hospital Center of Brazzaville.

关键词： Neuroleptic Cardiovascular risk Psychiatry Brazzaville

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Evaluation of the Quality of Micturition in Patients Who Underwent Anastomotic Urethroplasty at the Yaounde Central Hospital, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第2期14卷 115-127页

作者： Achille Aurele Mbassi landry Oriole Mbouche Junior Mekeme Mekeme Jean Crepin Eloundou Nkolo Bright Che Awondo Jean Cedrik Fouda Frantz Guy Epoupa Ngalle Cyril Kamadjou Pamela Anaba Laure Pierre Joseph Fouda Fru Forbuzshi III Angwafo Higher Institute of Medical Technology Yaounde Cameroon Higher Institute of Health Sciences Bangangte Cameroon Urology and Andrology Department Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Department of Surgery and Subspecialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Yaounde Gynecology Obstetrics and Pediatric Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: radiological investigation which is the gold standard to perform following anastomotic urethroplasty in order to evaluate the quality of micturition is costly. In our context, due to financial limitations, reconstructive urologists prefer to use the uroflowmetry in order to assess the micturition post-surgery. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess the quality of micturition using the uroflowmetry after anastomotic urethroplasty. Methodology: We conducted an 11-year retrospective review (1st January 2006-31st December 2017) and a cross-sectional descriptive observational study for a period of 8 months (November 2017-June 2018) at the Urology and Andrology Department of the Yaounde Central Hospital (YCH) of patients who were diagnosed with urethral stenosis and underwent an anastomotic urethroplasty at the YCH. We excluded patients who had incomplete files, patients lost to follow-up and did not do pre-operative uroflowmetry. Quality of micturition was evaluated using a uroflowmetry. Data was analyzed using EPI info 7.0. Parametric variables were reported as means and standard deviations and percentages and counts were used to report categorical variables. results: We had a sample of 60 patients. The mean age was 42 ± 5 years with extremes ranging from 20 to 76 years. Twenty-seven (27) patients, or 45%, had no post-operative complications, and those who did had a urinary tract infection (26.70%). In our series, we had 82% excellent results (patient satisfied with his urination with bell-shaped urinary stream and urinary flow greater than or equal to 15 ml/sec);15% good results (patient with moderate dysuria with average urinary stream and urinary flow between 10 and 14.9 ml/sec) and 3% poor results (severe dysuria with urinary flow less than 10 ml/sec, urinary retention or urinary incontinence). Based on these results we can say that the success rate in our series was 97%. 96.70% of patients were satisfied against 3.3%

关键词： Urethra Stricture Anastomotic Urethroplasty

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Stimulatory Effect of Tithonya diversifolia-by Products on Plantain Banana Vivoplants in Nursery (A review)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 726-745页

作者： Cécile Annie Ewané Arouna Meshuneke Gaston Elock Mbang Fabrice Damien Wassom William Asah Che Glen Takang Beyang Craftsman Ndula Ndula-Nan landry Fotsing Silatsa Jospin Walter Kom Timma Marie-Paule Kengoum Djam rosine Arckange Barakielle Bindzi Abah Nicolas Niemenak Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vegetal Physiology of Higher Teachers Training College University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Valorisation of Genetic resources of The Biotechnology Centre University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biological Science Higher Teachers Training College University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon

Plantain banana is an important cash crop that serves as stable food for millions of people around the world and contributes to income generation. Indeed, they provide a major staple food crop for millions of people and play an important role in the social fabric of many rural communities. Plantain banana cultivation encounters major problem of seedlings unavailability that are essential for the creation of new plantations, as well as parasitic constraints. Mycosphaerella fijiensis is the main pathogen attack constraints of banana plant responsible of black Sigatoka disease, and viruses, which can severely reduce the photosynthetic leaf area, leading to banana production losses of more than 80% in plantations with soil fertility problems. The repeated use of synthetic input is the origin of contamination to the environment, different pollution sources of plants and human health, as well as resistance to some strains of pathogens and plant fertilization problems over time. recent works carried out in nursery have shown that vivoplants of plantains treated with biostimulants based on natural products notably Tithonia diversifolia biopromote good growth and less susceptibility to M. fijiensis. Indeed, an increase in agromorphological characteristics, good accumulation of growth and defense biomarkers was also observed. In this context, Tithonia diversifolia is shown to be involved in the stimulatory effect mechanism of growth promotion and defensive reaction of plantain vivoplants against various pathogens and it is suggested to be acting as a vital stimulator. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on plantain banana cultivation constraints and on the potential of Tithonia diversifolia in relation with its different stimulatory effects on plantain vivoplants.

关键词： Tithonia diversifolia Plantain Banana Black Sigatoka Disease Growth Biopromotion Bioprotection Induced resistance Biofungicidal Effect

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Effect of Biostimulants Based on Natural Products on the Growth and Nutritional Value of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 492-518页

作者： Aimé Giresse Tzeuton Flore Eliane Eyenga Arouna Meshuneke Gaston Mbang Elock Fabrice Damien Wassom Walter Jospin Timma Kom Marie Paule Djam Kengoum Erica Cabrelle Damtse Damtse landry Silatsa Fotsing William Asah Che Marlyne Josephine Mananga Nicolas Niemenak Cécile Annie Ewané Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Higher Teachers Training College University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Laboratory of Food Sciences and Metabolism University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Valorisation of Genetic resources of the Biotechnology Centre University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Higher Teachers Training College University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely grown in Cameroon and play a key role in the fight against food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty. However, its cultivation encounters problems due to abiotic and biotic stresses, which leads to the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which cause significant damage to the environment and human health due to the presence of synthetics residues in the seeds, pods and in the leaves that are eaten. Promoting the use of natural products is becoming a necessity for organic and eco-responsible agriculture that limits contamination problems and improves people’s purchasing power. This study aims to assess the effect of biostimulants based on natural products on the growth and nutritional value of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bean seedlings from white variety (MEX-142) and red variety (DOr-701) were treated every seven days in the field from their pre-emergence, emergence and growth to their maturation under a randomized block experimental design. Six treatments and three repetitions with the biostimulants based on natural products and controls were thus performed and the agromorphological parameters were measured. After 120 days, the contents of growth biomarkers and defense-related enzymes were evaluated in leaves, while the contents of macromolecules, minerals and antinutrients were evaluated in seeds. These biostimulants significantly increased (P P rients including oxalates, phytates, tannins and saponins in seeds compared to controls (T+ and T−). Treatment with biostimulants, in particular BS4, improves the performance of bean plants in the field as well as the biofortification of seeds regardless of the variety.

关键词： Phaseolus vulgaris L. Biostimulants Biofortification Growth and Defense Biomarkers Nutritional Value

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Thermal characterization of bio-based phase changing materials in decorative wood-based panels for thermal energy storage

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Green Energy & Environment 2019年第1期4卷 56-65页

作者： Damien Mathis Pierre Blanchet Véronic landry Philippe Lagière NSErC Industrial research Chair on Ecoresponsible Wood Construction(CIrCErB) Laval University Engineering and Mechanics Institute University of Bordeaux Avenue D'Aquitaine

Decorative wood panels containing pouches of bio-based phase changing materials(PCMs) were prepared. Three different PCM mixtures were used: a blend of capric and lauric acids as well as two commercial products, Puretemp?20 and Puretemp?23(Puretemp). The panels consist of engraved Medium Density Fiberboard(MDF) filled with a plastic pouch filled with PCM. High density fiberboard(HDF) was used on top of the panels to enclose the PCM pouches. PCM mixtures were first tested by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Phase change temperature and total heat storage of the panels were measured for both fusion and solidification with a Dynamic Heat-Flow Meter Apparatus(DHFMA). DSC and DHFMA results were compared, allowing a better understanding of results gathered from these two techniques. DSC calibration has been revealed important when assessing PCMs. The panels present a phase change temperature and a latent heat storage suitable for buildings applications. The panel made with Puretemp?23 presented the highest energy, with 57.1 J g^(-1). Thermal cycling was conducted on the panels to investigate thermal reliability, which revealed small modifications of thermal properties for two products. For all cases, latent heat was found stable. Hygro-mechanical behavior of the panels was also evaluated as these where designed to be esthetic decorative panels. This study exposes the potential of a new type of wood-based panels loaded with PCM for thermal energy storage and brings overall knowledge about PCM products thermal characterization.

关键词： PCM Wood Biosourced Fatty acids DHFMA

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Collaborative Efforts and Strategies for Cholera Outbreak Control in Garissa County, Kenya: Implementation of Water Quality Monitoring Interventions

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Journal of Water resource and Protection 2024年第2期16卷 123-139页

作者： Michael Habtu Mark Nanyingi Ali A. Hassan Abdiwahid M. Noor Joel Mutyandia Muli Alan Mwika Julius Wekesa Ahmed Fidhow Diba Dulacha landry Kabego Ishata Nannie Conteh Andre Arsene Bita Fouda Sonia Chene Aden H. Ibrahim Ahmed Nadhir Omar Martins C. Livinus Abdourahmane Diallo World Health Organization Nairobi Kenya Department of Health Garissa County Government Garissa Kenya Water resources Authority Garissa Kenya World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo regional Agency for Health Dijon France

A multi-faceted Case Area Targeted Intervention (CATI) approach emphasizing the integration of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions and Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) campaign was employed to respond to the outbreak of cholera in Garissa County. Drinking water sources in areas heavily impacted by cholera were systematically mapped and tested for microbiological quality. The quality assessment was carried out in April 2023 during an ongoing cholera outbreak in the county. A total of 109 samples were collected and tested for thermotolerant coliforms and other in situ parameters. The finding revealed that more than 87% of the samples did not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for thermotolerant coliforms;and 30% had turbidity values above the recommended threshold values. None of the 109 samples had any traceable residual chlorine. Following these findings, the county government implemented the targeted interventions which resulted in a positive impact in the fight against cholera. The WHO supported key interventions which included capacity building in water quality monitoring and prepositioning of critical WASH commodities to the cholera affected areas.

关键词： Cholera Drinking Water Household Water Treatment Kenya

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Advances in nanomaterials for brain microscopy

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Nano research 2018年第10期11卷 5144-5172页

作者： Jackson T. Del Bonis-O'Donnell Linda Chio Gabriel F. Dorlhiac lan r. McFarlane Markita P. landry Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Biophysics Graduate Group University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI) Berkeley CA 94720 USA California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences QB3 University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco CA 94158 USA

Microscopic imaging of the brain continues to reveal details of its structure, connectivity, and function. To further improve our understanding of the emergent properties and functions of neural circuits, we need to directly visualize the relationship between brain structure, neuron activity, and neurochemistry. Advances in the chemical and optical properties of nanomaterials, and developments in deep-tissue microscopy, may help to overcome the current challenges of in-vivo brain imaging, particularly when imaging the brain through optically-dense brain tissue, skull, and scalp. Developments in nanomaterials may enable the implementation of tunable chemical functionality for neurochemical targeting and sensing, and fluorescence stability for long-term imaging. In this review, we summarize the current methods used for brain microscopy and describe the diverse classes of nanomaterials recently offered as contrast agents and functional probes for microscopic optical imaging of the brain.

关键词： nanomaterials neuroscience imaging microscopy

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Importance of Standardizing Analytical Characterization Methodology for Improved reliability of the Nanomedicine Literature

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第11期14卷 18-32页

作者： Shahriar Sharifi Nouf N.Mahmoud Elizabeth Voke Markita P.landry Morteza Mahmoudi Department of radiology and Precision Health Program Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman 11733Jordan Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Health SciencesQU HealthQatar University2713 DohaQatar Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA Innovative Genomics Institute BerkeleyCAUSA California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San FranciscoCAUSA

Understanding the interaction between biological structures and nanoscale technologies,dubbed the nano-bio interface,is required for successful development of safe and efficient nanomedicine *** lack of a universal reporting system and decentralized methodologies for nanomaterial characterization have resulted in a low degree of reliability and reproducibility in the nanomedicine *** such,there is a strong need to establish a characterization system to support the reproducibility of nanoscience data particularly for studies seeking clinical ***,we discuss the existing key standards for addressing robust characterization of nanomaterials based on their intended use in medical devices or as *** also discuss the challenges surrounding implementation of such standard protocols and their implication for translation of nanotechnology into clinical ***,however,emphasize that practical implementation of standard protocols in experimental laboratories requires long-term planning through integration of stakeholders including institutions and funding agencies.

关键词： Characterization Nanomedicine Standard protocols reproducibility Nanomedicine devices

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