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Integrative Zoology 2014年第4期9卷 531-541页

作者： Jérémie BARDIN Isabelle ROUGET margaret mary YAcoBUCCI Fabrizio cecca Sorbonne University Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University(UPMC-P6)ParisFrance National Museum of Natural History(MNHN) ParisFrance The National Center for Scientific Research(CNRS) ParisFrance Department of Geology Bowling Green State UniversityBowling GreenOhioUSA

Since the introduction of the cladistic method in systematics,continuous characters have been integrated into analyses but no methods for their treatment have received unanimous *** methods require a large number of character states to discretise continuous characters in order to keep the maximum level of information about taxa differences within the coding *** objective was to assess the impact of increasing the character state number on the outcomes of phylogenetic *** of a variety of simulated datasets shows that these methods for coding continuous characters can lead to the generation of well-resolved trees that do not reflect a phylogenetic *** call this phenomenon the flattening of the tree-length distribution;it is influenced by both the relative quantity of continuous characters in relation to discrete characters,and the number of characters in relation to the number of *** tests provide a method to avoid this potential bias.

关键词： cladistics continuous character gap weighting phylogeny

Thermal and chemical analysis of massive use of hot briquetted iron inside basic oxygen furnace

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2017年第9期24卷 901-907页

作者： cosmo Di cecca Silvia Barella Carlo mapelli Andrea Gruttadauria Andrea Francesco Ciuffini Davide Mombelli Enrico Bondi Depatment of Mechanical Engineering Politecnico di MilanoMilano 20156Italy Freelance Milano 20100Italy

The integrated steelmaking cycle based on the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace（BOF）route plays an important role in the production of plain and ultra-low carbon steel,especially for deep drawing *** steelmaking is based on the conversion of cast iron in steel by impinging oxygen on the metal bath at supersonic *** order to avoid the addition of detrimental chemical elements owing to the introduction of uncontrolled scrap and in order to decrease environmental impact caused by the intensive use of coke for the production of cast iron,HBI（hot briquetted iron）can be used as a source of metal and a fraction of cast *** industrial experimental tests were performed to evaluate the viability of the use of HBI in *** experimental campaign was supported by a thermal prediction model and realized through the estimation of the oxidation ***,the process was thermodynamically analyzed based on oxygen potentials using the off-gas composition and the bath temperature evolution during the conversion as reference data.

关键词： Hot briquetted iron Basic oxygen furnace Thermal analysis Chemical analysis Oxygen potential

Non‑fungible tokens:a bubble or the end of an era of intellectual property rights

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 777-796页

作者： elli Kraizberg School of Business Administration Bar Ilan University52520 Ramat GanIsrael

The viability of exponentially growing non-fungible token(NFT)market is evaluated by identifying potential value-generating mechanisms that can be *** identifying the value-generating mechanisms underlying the positive values of NFTs,this study establishes a pricing model for NFTs that follows a continuous-time financial *** NFTs are claimed to securitize“ownership rights short of use”,and as such they may potentially serve as a substitute for the need to rely replace the reliance on the legal protection provided by intellectual property rights(IPRs).considering this issue,this study evaluates the likelihood that NFTs will replace existing mechanisms that protect producers’rightful claim to use their assets or the need to apply the legal code that governs *** financial condition for this potential shift is derived for a category of assets whose use or consumption does not reduce supply as the notion of scarcity does not apply.

关键词： Non-fungible tokens Intellectual property rights Status

An arthropod community beyond the dry limit of plant life

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第6期13卷 629-638页

作者： Benjamin DAVIDSON elli GRONER Arava Institute for Environmental Studies D.N.Eilot 88840Israel Vassar college PoughkeepsieNew York 12604United States of America Dead Sea and Arava Science Center Mitzpe Ramon 8060000Israel Ben Gurion University Eilat 88556Israel

Water availability,which enables plant growth and animal activity,regulates dryland ecosystem *** hyper-arid ecosystems,rain cannot support vascular plant ***,hyper-arid vegetation is restricted to the lower topography,where runoff ***,food resources originating from areas of dense vegetation are dispersed across the desert floor,enabling animal life in areas lacking vascular plant ***,certain regions,such as the hyper-arid upper topography,may be devoid of plant-derived food *** present study examined arthropod activity in the upper topography of a hyper-arid desert,in comparison with arthropod activity in the lower *** traps were utilized to compare arthropod activity along unvegetated ridges with activity in parallel,vegetated ***,the study revealed dense arthropod communities in the barren upper *** collected in the upper topography represented 26%of total arthropod *** addition,the overlap between arthropod identity in the ridges and wadis(i.e.,riverbeds)was low,and certain arthropods were strongly affiliated with the *** upper topographic communities included high numbers of silverfish(Zygentoma:Lepismatidae),malachite beetles(Psiloderes),and predatory mites(Acari:Anystidae),and these arthropods were present at various life *** remains unclear how arthropod communities can persist in the unvegetated upper topography of the hyper-arid study *** results raise the possibility that other food sources,independent from vascular plants,may play a significant role in the life history of hyper-arid arthropods.

关键词： hyper-arid area spatial distribution topography silverfish Tenebrionidae desert

Pleomorphic hepatocellular carcinoma following consumption of hypericum perforatum in alcoholic cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第8期20卷 2113-2116页

作者： Evangeli S Lampri elli Ioachim Haralampos Harissis Eufemia Balasi Antigoni Mitselou Vasiliki malamou-Mitsi Department of Pathology Ioannina University Medical School45110 IoanninaGreece Department of Pathology G.Hatzikosta General Hospital45001 IoanninaGreece Department of Surgery Ioannina University Medical School45110 IoanninaGreece Department of Forensic Pathology Ioannina University Medical School45110 IoanninaGreece

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often develops in patients with underlying liver disease, yet HCC with syncytial giant cells (SGCs) is extremely rare. Herein, we report a 55-year-old man with a 6-year history of alcoholic cirrhosis who during his regular checkup presented with marked elevation of alpha-fetoprotein. Clinical examination and imaging analyses revealed a tumor-like lesion in segment 4 of the liver, which was removed by limited wedge resection. Histological analysis by hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated pleomorphic and atypical nodules, with some SGCs, embedded within the boundaries of the neoplastic lesion. The adjacent liver parenchyma showed microvesicular steatosis, pericellular fibrosis, and moderate hemosiderin accumulation (grade 2, as determined by Prussian blue iron stain) in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells but no copper accumulation (as determined by orcein stain). Immunohistochemical analysis showed hepatocyte antigen-positive staining for the neoplastic cells and SGCs. The diagnosis was made for cirrhosis-related HCC with SGCs. The previous reports of pleomorphic HCC have featured osteoclast-like (i.e., mesenchymal type) giant cells, making this case of epithelial type giant cells very rare. The patient’s 6-month history of hypericum perforatum/St John’s wort self-medication may have prompted the cirrhosis or HCC progression or the unusual SGC manifestation.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma, Giant cell carcinoma, Hypericum perforatum, St John’ s wort, Syncytial giant cell, Pleomorphic liver tumor, Alcoholic cirrhosis

Mirror,mirror on the wall,who is the best of them all?Artificial intelligence versus gastroenterologists in solving clinical problems

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Gastroenterology Report 2023年第1期11卷 579-581页

作者： Felice Benedicenti Tommaso Pessarelli mattia corradi ma.co Michelon Nicoletta Nandi Pietro Lampertico maurizio Vecchi Lucia Scaramella Luca elli Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation University of MilanMilanItaly Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Foundation IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology CRC“A.M.and A.Migliavacca”Center for the Study of Liver DiseaseFoundation IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly

Introduction Artificial intelligence(AI)is a concept that commonly refers to machines mimicking human cognitive behavior during learning and problem-solving[1].Chatbots are a typical example of an AI system,capable of interacting with humans[2].ChatGPT(OpenAI,San Francisco,CA,USA)[3]is a new-generation chatbot that captures the context and relationship between words in input sequences through multiple layers of self-attention and feedforward neural ***,it predicts the most likely“token”to succeed the previous one based on patterns in its training ***,it is a self-contained system that does not copy existing information[4].

关键词： token neural mirror

AMMONITE PHYLOGENETIC PRACTICES IN QUESTION:THE CASE OF THE JURASSIC GENUS SEMIFORMICERAS

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AMMONITE PHYLOGENETIC PRACTICES IN QUESTION:THE CASE OF THE ...

Clinical challenge for gastroenterologists–Gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic mastocytosis:A comprehensive review

第二届国际古生物学大会

作者： I.ROUGET F.cecca Université "Pierre et marie Curie"-Paris Ⅵ CNRS-UMR 5143 "Paléobiodiversité et Paléoenvironnements" Tour 56-46 5éme étagecase 104 4place Jussieu F-75252 Paris Cedex 05France

Attempts to reconstruct phylogenetic trees in ammonoids are known since the last part of the 19th century. From this time onward two types of data are used to resolve ammonite phylogenies:(1) the stratigraphic succession of taxa, and;(2) morphological shell similarities. In the majority of available phylogenetic studies, authors constrain morphological data according to the stratigraphic distribution of taxa (Donovan et al., 1981). The level of integration of both types of data

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第29期28卷 3767-3779页

作者： Alessandra Elvevi Elena maria elli martina Luca Miki Scaravaglio Fabio Pagni Stefano Ceola Laura Ratti Pietro Invernizzi Sara massironi Gastroenterology Division San Gerardo HospitalUniversity of Milano-Bicocca School of MedicineMonza 20900Italy Hematology Division and Bone marrow Transplant Unit San Gerardo HospitalMonza 20900Italy Department of Medicine and Surgery Section of PathologySan Gerardo HospitalUniversity of Milano-Bicocca School of MedicineMonza 20900Italy

mastocytosis is a rare and heterogeneous disease characterized by various clinical and biological features that affect different prognoses and *** disease is usually divided into 2 principal categories:cutaneous and systemic disease(SM).Clinical features can be related to mast cell(MC)mediator release or pathological MC *** is a disease often hard to identify,and the diagnosis is based on clinical,biological,histological,and molecular criteria with different specialists involved in the patient’s clinical *** all manifestations of the disease,gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms are common,being present in 14%-85% of patients,and can significantly impair the quality of *** we review the data regarding GI involvement in SM,in terms of clinical presentations,histological and endoscopic features,the pathogenesis of GI symptoms,and their treatment.

关键词： Systemic mastocytosis Gastrointestinal involvement Gastrointestinal symptoms

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity:Time for sifting the grain

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世界胃肠病学杂志：英文版 2015年第27期21卷 8221-8226页

作者： Luca elli Leda Roncoroni maria Teresa Bardella Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation Università degli Studi di Milano. Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico

In the last few years, a new nomenclature has been proposed for the disease induced by the ingestion of gluten, a protein present in wheat, rice, barley and oats. Besides celiac disease and wheat allergy, the most studied forms of gluten-related disorders characterized by an evident immune mechanism(autoimmune in celiac disease and Ig E-mediated in wheat allergy), a new entity has been included, apparently not driven by an aberrant immune response: the non-celiac gluten sensitivity(NCGS). NCGS is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical picture with intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms arising after gluten ingestion and rapidly improving after its withdrawal from the diet. The pathogenesis of NCGS is largely unknown, but a mixture of factors such as the stimulation of the innate immune system, the direct cytotoxic effects of gluten, and probably the synergy with other wheat molecules, are clues for the complicated puzzle. In addition, the diagnostic procedures still remain problematic due to the absence of efficient diagnostic markers; thus, diagnosis is based upon the symptomatic response to a gluten-free diet and the recurrence of symptoms after gluten reintroduction with the possibility of an important involvement of a placebo effect. The temporary withdrawal of gluten seems a reasonable therapy, but the timing of gluten reintroduction and the correct patient management approach are have not yet been determined.

关键词： Celiac disease Gluten Gluten-relateddisorders Gluten sensitivity Non-celiac gluten sensitivity

Thiol-stabilized atomically precise, superatomic silver nanoparticles for catalysing cycloisomerization of alkynyl amines

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National Science Review 2018年第5期5卷 694-702页

作者： Juanzhu Yan Jun Zhang Xumao Chen Sami malola Bo Zhou elli Selenius Xiaomin Zhang Peng Yuan Guocheng Deng Kunlong Liu Haifeng Su Boon K.Teo Hannu Hkkinen Lansun Zheng Nanfeng Zheng State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materialsand Engineering Research Center for Nano-Preparation Technology of Fujian ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University School of materials and Chemical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Departments of Physics and Chemistry Nanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyvskyl

Both the electronic and surface structures of metal nanomaterials play critical roles in determining their chemical properties. However, the non-molecular nature of conventional nanoparticles makes it extremely challenging to understand the molecular mechanism behind many of their unique electronic and surface properties. In this work, we report the synthesis, molecular and electronic structures of an atomically precise nanoparticle, [Ag206 L72]~q(L = thiolate, halide; q = charge). With a four-shell Ag7@Ag32@Ag77@Ag90 Ino-decahedral structure having a nearly perfect D5hsymmetry, the metal core of the nanoparticle is co-stabilized by 68 thiolate and 4 halide ligands. Both electrochemistry and plasmonic absorption reveal the metallic nature of the nanoparticles, which is explained by density functional theory ***, the nanoparticle can be considered as a superatom, just short of a major electron shell closing of 138 electrons(q = –4). More importantly, many of ligands capping on the nanoparticle are labile due to their low-coordination modes, leading to high surface reactivity for catalysing the synthesis of indoles from 2-ethynylaniline derivatives. The results exemplify the power of the atomic-precision nanocluster approach to catalysis in probing reaction mechanisms and in revealing the interplay of heterogeneous reactivities,electronic and surface structural dynamics, thereby providing ways for optimization.

关键词： metal nanoclusters atomically precise nanoparticles nobel metal superatom nanocatalysis