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The Early-Middle Triassic Supervolcano in the Yangtze Block,South china and associated obstacles to biotic recovery

Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 69-83页

作者： Haifeng chen Hao Zou MSantosh Huawen cao franco Pirajno changcheng Huang Mingcai Hou State Key Laboratory of Oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengduSichuan 610059China college of Earth Science Chengdu University of TechnologyChengduSichuan 610059China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Department of Earth Science University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Yonsei Frontier Lab Yonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea centre of Exploration Targeting The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia

The end-Permian ma.s extinction was one of the ma.or global crises spanning the entire Early Triassic or *** of volcanos were one of the factors that delayed the biotic recovery after this *** eruptions can cause catastrophic effects on global environment,clima.e,and *** we investigate the tuff layers from Early-Middle Triassic boundary in the Yangtze Block and identify a supervolcano eruption *** zircon U-Pb ages of the section-Langdai,section-Daijiagou and section-Longmendong tuff samples are 247.1±1.9 ma.247.6±2.0 ma.and 247.7±1.7 ma.*** ages ma.k the Olenekian-Anisian *** zircon grains from the tuff layers have negativeεHf(t)(-15.3 to-0.8),two-stage Hf model(TDM2)ages(1.7 to 2.2 ga)and display high-δ18O values(mostly>10‰).clay minerals and quartz dominate the rock *** whole rock compositions show that the tuff layers were derived from ma.ma.of intermediate to felsic composition,which formed by the remelting of Paleoproterozoic ma.erials of continental *** volcanic eruption site is located in the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan-Song ma.suture zone in the southwestern ma.gin of the Yangtze Block.A combination of the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean Basin and the collision of the Indochina Block and South china contributed to the eruption,which was a supervolcano eruption under the active continental ma.gin arc *** speculate that this supervolcano eruption might have contributed to the delayed biotic recovery after the end-Permian ma.s extinction.

关键词： Early-Middle Triassic Tuff layer Supervolcano Yangtze Block Biotic recovery

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Subaerial hot springs and near-surface hydrotherma. mineral systems past and present,and possible extraterrestrial analogues

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1549-1569页

作者： franco Pirajno centre for Exploration Targeting(cET) The University of Western Australia35Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA6009Australia

The principal features,geotectonic settings and association with near-surface hydrotherma. mineral systems of ancient and present subaerial hot springs,fuma.oles and geysers are herein *** and geysers usually occur in volcanic craters and are in most cases,part and parcel of hot spring *** hot springs are characterised by siliceous-and carbonate-rich chemical sediments,such as sinters and travertines,*** are commonly enriched in various metalliferous *** springs surface discharges are also characterised by pools,which exhibit bright colours due to the presence of ***-day examples discussed in this paper,include the fuma.oles and hot springs of the White Island volcano(New Zealand),the world-renowned Yellowstone caldera(USA)and the Afar region of the East African Rift *** Afar triangle,in the northern part of East African Rift System,provides a good example of hot springs associated with evaporative *** Tuli-Sabi-Lebombo triple junction rifts were formed during the^180 ma.Karoo igneous event in southern Africa,of which the Tuli arm is the failed rift(aulacogen),as is the Afar *** Tuli rift is effectively an unusual,if not unique,tectono-therma. setting,because it comprises Karoo-age hot springs systems and associated vein stockworks and breccias,which includes the Messina cu deposit as well as currently active hot springs with sinter deposits probably due to post-Karoo *** pipes in ignimbrites of the Erongo Volcano-Plutonic complex in Namibia are *** is followed by an example of banded chert rocks in the Killara Forma.ion of the Palaeoproterozoic capricorn Orogen(Western Australia),interpreted as hot spring chemical sediments,which also show evidence of"fossil"microbial *** paper ends with a brief overview of possible analogues of hot springs on planet ma.s.

关键词： Subaerial hot springs Fuma.oles chemical sediments Hydrotherma. systems Afar Erongo volcano-plutonic complex

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SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Dating of Alkaline Dykes in the Pobei Area,Beishan Rift,Xinjiang Autonomous Region,china:Implications for Tectonic Setting and ma.tle Plume Events

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第4期86卷 879-884页

作者： ma. Jingwen franco PIRAJNO ZHANG Zuoheng WAN Yusheng MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological Sciences Geological Survey of Western Australia 100 Plain StreetEast PerthWA 6004Australia MLR key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological Sciences Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

In the Beishan rift in the eastern Tianshan orogen, Xinjiang Province, a N-S-trending dyke swarm is present in the Pobei area. The swarm cuts through the 270-290 ma.ma.ic-ultrama.ic intrusions associated with Ni-cu sulphide mineralization. These ma.ic-ultrama.ic intrusions are typically found along E-W ma.or faults in the Tianshan orogenic belts. We report SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from a dyke of alkaline composition, which yielded a mean age of 252~9 ma. Alkaline dykes of the same age are found in the Altay region of Siberia. This age is younger than the 270-290 ma.intraplate ma.ma.ic events that produced the ma.ic-ultrama.ic intrusions in the region, but in general agreement with the 250-260 ma.Permian plume event that gave rise to the Siberian traps and the Emeishan flood basalts in SW china. We suggest that there is a link between the Emeishan event and the dyke swarm in the Beishan rift and that the intraplate ma.ma.ism at 270-290 ma.reflects an early stage of ma.tle plume activity. The N-S trending dyke swarm in the Beishan rift ma. represent a later stage in the evolution of ma.tle plume activity in the NW and SW of china. We also speculate that in Beishan rift and possibly elsewhere in the Tianshan region, the dykes fed basaltic volcanism, whose products have since been eroded due to the strong uplift of the Tianshan orogen as a result of the IndiaEurasia collision in the cenozoic.

关键词： Alkaline dykes SHRIMP tectonic setting ma.tle plume china

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Evolution of the Mesozoic Granites in the Xiong'ershan-Waifangshan Region,Western Henan Province,china,and Its Tectonic Implications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第2期81卷 253-265页

作者： NAN Yigui ZHANG Shihong franco PIRAJNO ZHANG Yuanhou State Key Laboratory Geological Processes ana Minerat Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Geological Survey of Western Australia 100 Plain Street East Perth WA 6004 Australia The college of Earth Sciences Jilin University Changchun 130061 China

Based on the new data of isotopic ages and geochemical analyses, three types of Mesozoic granites have been identified for the Xiong＇ershan-Waifangshan region in western Henan Province： high-Ba-Sr I-type granite emplaced in the early stage （-160 ma., I-type granite in the middle stage （-130 ma. and anorogenic A-type granite in the late stage （-115 ma.. Geochemical characteristics of the high-Ba-Sr I-type granite suggest that it ma. have been generated from the thickened lower crust by partial melting with prima.y residues of amphibole and garnet. Gradual increase of negative Eu anoma.y and Sr content variations reflect progressive shallowing of the source regions of these granites from the early to late stage. New ^40Ar/^39Ar plateau ages of the early-stage Wuzhangshan granite （156.0±1.1 ma. amphibole） and middle-stage Heyu granite （131.8±0.7 ma. biotite） are indistinguishable from their SHRIMP U-Pb ages previous published, indicating a rapid uplift and erosion in this region. The representative anorogenic A- type granite, Taishanmiao pluton, was emplaced at -115 ma. The evolution of the granites in this region reveals a tectonic regime change from post-collisional to anorogenic between -160 ma.and -115 ma. The genesis of the early- and middle-stage I-type granites could be linked to delamination of subducted lithosphere of the Qinling orogenic belt, while the late-stage A-type granites represent the onset of extension and the end of orogenic process. In fact, along the Qiniing -Dabie-Sulu belt, the Mesozoic granitoids in western Henan, Dabieshan and Jiaodong regions are comparable on the basis of these temporal evolutionary stages and their initial ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios, which ma. suggest a similar geodynamic process related to the collision between the North china and Yangtze cratous.

关键词： granite Mesozoic high Ba-Sr, ^40Ar/^39Ar dating post-collision anorogenic western Henan

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Besshi-type mineral systems in the Palaeoproterozoic Bryah Rift-Basin, capricorn Orogen, Western Australia： Implications for tectonic setting and geodynamic evolution

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第3期7卷 345-357页

作者： franco Pirajno Yanjing chen Nuo Li chao Li Limin Zhou centre for Exploration Targeting University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia Key Laboratory of Orogen and crust Evolution Peking University Beijing 100871 China Xinjiang Research center for Mineral Resources Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumcli 830011 China National Research center for Geoanalysis Beijing 100037 China

In this contribution we use VMS mineral systems in the Bryah rift-basin to constrain the tectonic setting of the widespread ma.ic and ultrama.ic ma.ma.ism that characterises the rift-basin in *** distinct,but temporally closely associated,lithostratigraphic sequences,Narracoota and Karalundi Forma.ions,are *** Karalundi Forma.ion is the ma.n host of VMS mineral systems in the *** Karalundi Forma.ion consists of turbiditic and imma.ure clastic sediments,which are locally intercalated with basaltic hyaloclastites,dolerites and banded *** propose that the basaltic hyaloclastites,dolerites and elastics and jaspilites rocks,form a distinct unit of the Karalundi Forma.ion,named Noonyereena *** VMS mineral systems occur near the north-east trendingJenkin Fault and comprise the giant and world-class Decrussa and the Red Bore *** nature of these deposits and their intima.e association with terrigenous clastic rocks and dominantly ma.ine ma.ic volcanic and subvolcanic rocks,as well as the common development of peperitic ma.gins,are considered indicative of a Besshi-type environment,similar to that of present-day Gulf of *** Re-Os age data from a prima.y pyrite yielded a mean model age of 2012 ± 48 ma.which coincides（within error） with recent published Re-Os data（Hawke et al.,2015） and confirms the timing of the proposed geodynamic *** propose a geodynamic model that attempts to explain the presence of the Narracoota and Karalundi Forma.ions as the result of ma.tle plume activity,which began with early uplift of continental crust with intraplate volcanism,followed by early stages of rifting with the deposition of the Karalundi Forma.ion（and Noonyereena Member）,which led to the forma.ion of Besshi-type VMS *** on-going ma.tle plume activity and early stages of continental separation,an oceanic plateau was formed and is now represented by ma.ic-ultrama.ic rocks of the Narracoota Forma.ion.

关键词： Bryah rift-basin DeGrussa VMS Narracoota and Karalundi Forma.ions Besshi-type deposit Geodynamic model

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A review of mineral systems and associated tectonic settings of northern Xinjiang,NW china

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Geoscience Frontiers 2011年第2期2卷 157-185页

作者： franco Pirajno Reima. Seltma.n Yongqiang Yang cERcAMS （centre for Russian and central EurAsian Mineral Studies） Dept. Mineralogy Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD United Kingdom Geological Survey of Western Australia 100 Plain Street East Perth WA 6004 Australia State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences 29 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100083 China

In this paper we present a review of mineral systems in northern Xinjiang, NW china, focussing on the Tianshan, West and East Junggar and Altay orogenic belts, all of which are part of the greater central Asian Orogenic Belt （cAOB）. The cAOB is a complex collage of ancient microcontinents, island arcs, oceanic plateaux and oceanic plates, which were ama.gama.ed and accreted in Early Palaeozoic to Early Permian times. The establishment of the cAOB collage was followed by strike-slip movements and affected by intraplate ma.ma.ism, linked to ma.tle plume activity, best exemplified by the 250 ma.Siberian Traps and the 280 ma.Tarim event. In northern Xinjiang, there ale numerous and economically important mineral systems. In this contribution we describe a selection of representative mineral deposits, including subduction-related porphyry and epitherma. deposits, volcanogenic ma.sive sulphides and skarn systems. Shear zone-hosted Au lodes ma. have first formed as intrusion-related and subsequently re-worked during strike-slip deforma.ion. Intraplate ma.ma.ism led to the emplacement of concentrically zoned （Alaskan-style） ma.ic-ultrama.ic intrusions, ma.y of which host orthoma.ma.ic sulphide deposits. A huge belt of pegma.ites in the Altay orogen, locally hosts world-class rare metal deposits. Roll-front,

关键词： Mineral system Porphyry and epitherma.deposits Volcanogenic ma.sivesulphides and skarnsystems Northern Xinjiang of NWchina

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A systema.ic approach to generating accurate neural network potentials:the case of carbon

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npj computational ma.erials 2021年第1期7卷 463-475页

作者： Yusuf Shaidu Emine Küçükbenli Ruggero Lot franco Pellegrini Efthimios Kaxiras Stefano de Gironcoli Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati TriesteItaly The Abdus Salam International centre for Theoretical Physics TriesteItaly John A.Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Norma.e Supérieure UniversitéPSLCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversitéde ParisParisFrance Department of Physics Harvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA cNR-IOM DEMOcRITOS Istituto Officina dei MaterialiTriesteItaly

Availability of affordable and widely applicable interatomic potentials is the key needed to unlock the riches of modern ma.erials *** neural network-based approaches for generating potentials are promising;however,neural network training requires large amounts of data,sampled adequately from an often unknown potential energy *** we propose a selfconsistent approach that is based on crystal structure prediction forma.ism and is guided by unsupervised data analysis,to construct an accurate,inexpensive,and transferable artificial neural network *** this approach,we construct an interatomic potential for carbon and demonstrate its ability to reproduce first principles results on elastic and vibrational properties for diamond,graphite,and graphene,as well as energy ordering and structural properties of a wide range of crystalline and amorphous phases.

关键词： neural artificial network

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Ar-Ar Dating of Baima.hai Nickel-copper-(PGE) Sulphide Deposit and Its Significance, Southeast Yunnan Province, china

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Journal of china University of Mining and Technology 2006年第2期16卷 200-205页

作者： ZHANG Xue-shu QIN De-xian franco Pirajno NIAN Hong Department of Geological Science Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming Yunnan 650093 China Yunnan Non-ferrous Metals Geological Bureau Kunming Yunnan 650051 China Geological Survey of Western Australia 100 Plain Street WA 6004 Australia

The Baima.hai Ni-cu- (PGE) sulphide deposit in southeast Yunnan Province is hosted in ma.ic-ultrama.ic intrusions associated with the Permian Emeishan large igneous province. The deposit, one of several in the province, exhibits field and petrographic features suggestive of post-ma.ma.ic modification. The ma.ic-ultrama.ic intrusions that host the Baima.hai sulphide ores show near-pervasive to pervasive hydrotherma. alteration, with the sulphides be- ing spatially associated with hydrotherma. minerals such as biotite, amphibole and chlorite. This intima.e association suggests that the sulphide ores were subjected to deforma.ional and hydrotherma. redistribution and textural changes resulting in disseminated and brecciated ores. Geochemically the Baima.hai sulphide ores are enriched in cu, Pd and Au which, according to published studies, reflects the action of hydrotherma. fluids. Interestingly, Ar-Ar age data yielded plateau ages of about 160-170 ma. which also supports the modification features of the sulfide ores.

关键词： ma.ic-ultrama.ic intrusions Ni-cu-(PGE) mineralization Ar-Ar dating sulphide remobilization Baima.hai

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Geological and geochemical characteristics of the Baima.hai Ni-cu-(PGE) sulphide deposit in Yunnan, china

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chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2007年第4期26卷 374-383页

作者： PU chuanjie QIN Dexian NIAN Hong ZHANG Xueshu franco PIRAJNO FAN Zhuguo Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China Yunnan Non-Ferrous Metals Geological Bureau Kunming 650051 China Geological Survey of Western Anstralia 100 Plain Street WA 6004 Australia

The sulphide ores of the Baima.hai deposit, although typically orthoma.ma.ic, locally exhibit peculiar textural features and are intima.ely associated with hydrotherma. minerals, such as biotite, amphibole and chlorite. This association suggests that the ma.ma.ic sulphide ores were subjected to hydrotherma. alteration and subsequent redistribution, resulting in the observed textural features. Geochemically, the Baima.hai sulphide ores are enriched in cu, Pd and Au, which,according to previous studies, reflects the action of hydrotherma. fluids. Interestingly, Ar-Ar dating yielded the plateau ages of about 160–170 ma. which are at odds with the established Permian age of the Emeishan large igneous province. We interpreted these younger ages as due to therma. resetting during post-Permian tectonotherma. events. We have proposed a model in which tectonic movements and hydrotherma. fluids related to these events modified the pre-existing ma.ma.ic sulphides. Given the degree of overprint, we suggested two possible scenarios: 1) the sulphide disseminations that surround the ma.sive ma.ma.ic ores are the result of deforma.ion and hydrotherma. alteration; and 2) there were both ma.ma.ic ma.sive and disseminated sulphides, in which case the scale and relocation of remobilization would have been sma.ler, but still detectable.

关键词：白马寨矿化作用云南硫化物

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Integration of zircon and apatite U–Pb geochronology and geochemical ma.ping of the Wude basalts(Emeishan large igneous province):A tool for a better understanding of the tectonotherma. and geodynamic evolution of the Emeishan LIP

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第2期12卷 573-585页

作者： Jia-Nan Fu franco Pirajno Fan Yang Espine Shivute Yi-Zhan Sun Ning Ai Kun-Feng Qiu School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling HwyCrawleyWA6009Australia Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration CAGSLangfang065000China Geological Survey of Ningxia YinchuanNingxia750021China

Radiogenic isotopic dating and Lu–Hf isotopic composition using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma.ma.s spectrometry(LA-IcP-MS)of the Wude basalt in Yunnan province from the Emeishan large igneous province(ELIP)yielded timing of forma.ion and post-eruption tectonotherma. *** lithogeochemistry and elements ma.ping of basaltic rocks were further reevaluated to provide insights into crustal contamination and forma.ion of the ELIP.A zircon U–Pb age of 251.3±2.0 ma.of the Wude basalt recorded the youngest volcanic eruption event and was consistent with the age span of 251-263 ma.for the emplacement of the *** zircons hadε_(Hf)(t)values ranging from7.3 to+2.2,identical to those of ma.ma.ic zircons from the intrusive rocks of the ELIP,suggesting that crust-ma.tle interaction occurred during ma.ma.ic emplacement,or crust-ma.tle mixing existed in the deep source region prior to deep *** apatite U–Pb age at 53.6±3.4 ma.recorded an early Eocene ma.ma.ic superimposition of a regional tectonotherma. event,corresponding to the Indian–Eurasian plate *** Nb,Ta,Ti and P anoma.ies of the Emeishan basalt ma. reflect crustal *** uneven Nb/La and Th/Ta values distribution throughout the ELIP supported a ma.tle plume model ***,the ELIP was formed as a result of a ma.tle plume which was later superimposed by a regional tectonotherma. event attributed to the Indian–Eurasian plate collision during early Eocene.

关键词： Emeishan basalt Zircon and apatite Geochronology Lu-Hf isotope Early Eocene superposition Indian-Eurasian plate collision

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