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High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses

Fungal Diversity 2018年第3期90卷 135-159页

作者： Leho Tedersoo Santiago Sanchez-Ramırez Urma. Koljalg Mohamma. Bahram ma.kus Doring Dmitry Schigel Tom ma. ma.tin ryberg Kessy Abarenkov Natural History Museum University of Tartu14a Ravila50411 TartuEstonia Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu14a Ravila50411 TartuEstonia Estonian Young Academy of Sciences 6 KohtuTallinnEstonia Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto25 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B2Canada Systema.ic Biology Evolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18D75236 UppsalaSweden Global Biodiversity Informa.ion Facility CopenhagenDenmark Department of Biosciences University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria Birdwood AveMelbourneVIC 3004Australia

High-throughput sequencing studies generate vast amounts of taxonomic *** ecological hypotheses of the recovered taxa and Species Hypotheses are difficult to test due to problems with alignments and the lack of a phylogenetic *** propose an updated phylum-and class-level fungal classification accounting for monophyly and divergence time so that the ma.n taxonomic ranks are more *** on phylogenies and divergence time estima.es,we adopt phylum rank to Aphelidiomycota,Basidiobolomycota,Calcarisporiellomycota,Glomeromycota,Entomophthoromycota,Entorrhizomycota,Kickxellomycota,Monoblepharomycota,Mortierellomycota and *** accept nine subkingdoms to accommodate these 18 *** consider the kingdom Nucleariae(phyla Nuclearida and Fonticulida)as a sister group to the *** also introduce a perl script and a newick-forma.ted classification backbone for assigning Species Hypotheses into a hierarchical taxonomic framework,using this or any other classification *** provide an example of testing evolutionary ecological hypotheses based on a global soil fungal data set.

关键词： 51 new taxa Species Hypothesis Taxonomy of fungi Phylogenetic classification Subkingdom Phylum Nucleariae Ascomycota Aphelidiomycota Basidiobolomycota Basidiomycota Blastocladiomycota Calcarisporiellomycota Chytridiomycota Entomophthoromycota Entorrhizomycota Glomeromycota Kickxellomycota Monoblepharomycota Mortierellomycota Mucoromycota Neocallima.tigomycota Olpidiomycota Rozellomycota Zoopagomycota

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Safety and efficacy of Profermin~to induce remission in ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第15期18卷 1773-1780页

作者： Aleksander Krag Hans Israelsen Bjrn von ryberg Klaus K Andersen Flemming Bendtsen Gastrounit Medical Devision 360Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Faculty of Health Sciences Copenhagen UniversityDK-2650 HvidovreDenmark Nordisk Rebalance A/S M.D.Madsensvej 14-16DK-3450 AllerdDenmark Statistics Section Informatics and Mathematical ModellingTechnical University of DenmarkDK-2800 LyngbyDenmark

AIM:To test the efficacy and safety of Profermin in inducing remission in patients with active ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS:The study included 39 patients with mild to moderate UC defined as a Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index(SCCAI)>4 andel with Profermintwice daily for 24 *** SCCAI was reported observer blinded via the ***:In an intention to treat(ITT)analysis,the mean reduction in SCCAI score was 56.5%.Of the 39 patients,24(62%)reached the prima.y endpoint,which was proportion of patients with≥50%reduction in *** secondary endpoint,the proportion of patients in remission defined as SCCAI≤2.5,was in ITT analysis reached in 18 of the 39 patients(46%).In a repeated-measure regression analysis,the estima.ed mean reduction in score was 5.0 points(95%CI:4.1-5.9,Pma.ed mean time taken to obtain half the reduction in score was 28 d(95%CI:26-30).There were no serious adverse events(AEs)or withdrawals due to *** was generally well ***:Profermin is safe and ma. be effective in inducing remission of active UC.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Diet Probiotic Profermin Inflamma.ory bowel disease Dietary ma.agement Medical foods

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Ranking higher taxa using divergence times:a case study in Dothideomycetes

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第3期84卷 75-99页

作者： Jian-Kui Liu Kevin D.Hyde Rajesh Jeewon Alan J.L.Phillips Sajeewa S.N.ma.arachchikumbura ma.tin ryberg Zuo-Yi Liu Qi Zhao Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201People’s Republic of China Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006People’s Republic of China Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006People’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Departmental of Health Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduitMauritius University of Lisbon Faculty of SciencesBiosystems and Integrative Sciences InstituteCampo Grande1749-016 LisbonPortugal Department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityPO Box 8123 Al KhoudOman Department of Organisma. Biology Uppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18D75236 UppsalaSweden

The current classification system for the recognition of taxonomic ranks among fungi,especially at highranking level,is *** the development of molecular approaches and the availability of fossil calibration data,the use of divergence times as a universally standardized criterion for ranking taxa has now become *** can therefore date the origin of Ascomycota lineages by using molecular clock methods and establish the divergence times for the orders and families of *** chose Dothideomycetes,the largest class of the phylum Ascomycota,which contains 32 orders,to establish ages at which points orders have split;and Pleosporales,the largest order of Dothideomycetes with 55 families,to establish family divergence *** have assembled a multi-gene data set(LSU,SSU,TEF1 and RPB2)from 391 taxa representing most family groups of Dothideomycetes and utilized fossil calibration points solely from within the ascomycetes and a Bayesian approach to establish divergence times of Dothideomycetes *** separated datasets were analysed:(i)272 taxa representing 32 orders of Dothideomycetes were included for the order level analysis,and(ii)191 taxa representing 55 families of Pleosporales were included for the family level *** results indicate that divergence times(crown age)for most orders(20 out of 32,or 63%)are between 100 and 220 Mya,while divergence times for most families(39 out of 55,or 71%)are between 20 and 100 *** believe that divergence times can provide additional evidence to support establishment of higher level taxa,such as families,orders and *** advantage of this added approach,we can strive towards establishing a standardized taxonomic system both within and outside *** this study we found that molecular dating coupled with phylogenetic inferences provides no support for the taxonomic status of two currently recognized orders,namely Bezerromycetales and Wiesneriomycetales and these are treated as sy

关键词： BEAST Clade age Classification Calibration Family Order Phylogeny Pleosporales

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大别山超高压变质带层析地震调查

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地质论评 2000年第3期46卷 288-294页

作者：彭聪姜枚宿和平史大年 A.Schulze T.ryberg 中国地质科学院矿床地质研究所 GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam Telegrafenberg A 17 14473 Potsdam Germany

1997年3月中德合作进行了大别山科学钻探选址区层析地震调查,研究结果揭示出大别山超高压变质带(UHP)地壳精细结构。郯庐断裂带近垂直延伸至Moho界面(可能更深),在Moho界面以上郯庐断裂带西侧大别山地壳物质没有迁移进入其东侧。在主测... 详细信息

1997年3月中德合作进行了大别山科学钻探选址区层析地震调查,研究结果揭示出大别山超高压变质带(UHP)地壳精细结构。郯庐断裂带近垂直延伸至Moho界面(可能更深),在Moho界面以上郯庐断裂带西侧大别山地壳物质没有迁移进入其东侧。在主测线(横中至潜山镇)20km深度发现一个由西向东倾斜的强反射层,推测可能是一个大的滑脱层。超高压变质岩石(或地幔物质)可能由地幔深处通过郯庐断裂带再沿此滑脱层折返到地壳上部,经后期剥蚀出露地表。

关键词：大别山超高压变质带郯庐断裂地震层析成像

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上地幔顶部高频波的传播

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世界地震译丛 2000年第2期31卷 60-71页

作者： T.ryberg F.Wenzel 曹肃朝河北省地震局

使用北俄罗斯深地震测深剖面上记录到的和平利用核爆炸的地震波场的短周期、三分量记录(Quartz和Ruby-I,分别在1984和1988收集),来约束可以被3000km以外的传感器观测到的高频远震Pn震相的特征。这个震相是由上地幔内的速度波动造成的,... 详细信息

使用北俄罗斯深地震测深剖面上记录到的和平利用核爆炸的地震波场的短周期、三分量记录(Quartz和Ruby-I,分别在1984和1988收集),来约束可以被3000km以外的传感器观测到的高频远震Pn震相的特征。这个震相是由上地幔内的速度波动造成的,这里的速度波动被看作是散射体。为了检验这个假设和确定上地幔散射体的特征,用弹性反射率法(一维各向同性模型)模拟高频远震Pn震相的尾波。通过细查远震Pn震相在5Hz时的尾波衰减率,分析了观测数据和合成记录。对一些不同的模型都计算了合成地震波。这些不同的模型是以恰好在壳幔边界下面具有一个随机分布的速度波动的附加带(薄层)的全球模型IASP91为基础的。这些模型也许可以用散射层厚度L、垂直不均匀性相关长度α和不均匀标准偏差σ来表征。这些模型中波传播的数字化模拟产生了具有明显长尾波的高频远震Pn震相。模拟与观测结果的比较清晰地显示出,在上地幔中包含速度波动的模型可以方便地解释高频远震Pn震相的出现。我们试图通过比较合成与观测地震图的衰减率,来约束上地幔速度波动性质L,α和σ。在超出1300km的非干涉高频远震Pn震相的距离范围内,我们拟合的最佳模型的尾波衰减率和观测结果是相似的。这个最佳模型在莫霍面下有75km厚的散射体带,包含一个平均2km厚的速度波动带和5％的RMS速度扰动。模拟结果还显示出两个其他可能的模型,即沿着壳幔边界的低音走廊(低速带)震相和下地壳的散射现象,单取其一不能解释高频远震Pn震相的尾波性质。

关键词：地震测深上地幔顶部高频波传播地震波

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Ranking higher taxa using divergence times-a case study in Dothideomycetes

Ranking higher taxa using divergence times-a case study in D...

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中国菌物学会第七届全国会员代表大会暨2017年学术年会

作者： Jian-Kui Liu Kevin D Hyde Rajesh Jeewon Alan JL Phillips Sajeewa S.N.ma.arachchikumbura ma.tin ryberg Zuo-Yi Liu Qi Zhao Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang University Departmental of Health Sciences Faculty of Science University of Mauritius University of Lisbon Faculty of Sciences Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute Department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Department of Organisma. Biology Uppsala University

The current classification system for the recognition of taxonomic ranks among fungi, especially at high-ranking level, is subjective. With the development of molecular approaches and the availability of fossil calibration data, the use of divergence times as a universally standardized criterion for ranking taxa has now become possible. We can therefore date the origin of Ascomycota lineages by using molecular clock methods and establish the divergence times for the orders and families of Dothideomycetes. We chose Dothideomycetes, the largest class of the phylum Ascomycota, which contains 32 orders, to establish ages at which points orders have split;and Pleosporales, the largest order of Dothideomycetes contains 55 families,to establish family divergence times. We have assembled a multi-gene data set（LSU, SSU, TEF1 and RPB2）from 391 taxa representing most family groups of Dothideomycetes and utilized fossil calibration points solely from within the ascomycetes and a Bayesian approach to establish divergence times of Dothideomycetes lineages. Two separated datasets were analysed: i) 272 taxa representing 32 orders of Dothideomycetes were included for the order level analysis, and ii) 191 taxa representing 55 families of Pleosporales were included for the family level analysis. Our results indicate that divergence times（crown age） for most orders（20 out of 32, or 63%） are between 100 and 220 Mya, while divergence times for most families（39 out of 55, or 71%）) are between 20 and 100 Mya. We believe that divergence times can provide additional evidence to support establishment of higher level taxa, such as families, orders and classes. Taking advantage of this added approach, we can strive towards establishing a standardized taxonomic system both within and outside Fungi. In this study we found that molecular dating coupled with phylogenetic inferences provides no support for the taxonomic status of two currently recognized orders, namely Bezerromycetales and Wiesnerio

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大别山超高压变质带的地震层析分析

大别山超高压变质带的地震层析分析

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中国地球物理学会第十五届年会

作者：姜枚 A.Schulze 彭聪 T.ryberg 宿和平史大年中国地质科学院德国波茨坦地学研究中心中国地质科学院德国波茨坦地学研究中心中国地质科学院中国地质科学院

＜正＞1997年3月中德合作进行大别山科学钻探选址区层析地震调查,研究结果揭示出大别山超高压变质带（UHP）地壳精细结构及郯庐断裂带呈近垂直延伸至Moho界面,至少在Moho界面以上郯庐断裂带西侧大别山地壳物质没有迁移进入其东侧;在20k... 详细信息

＜正＞1997年3月中德合作进行大别山科学钻探选址区层析地震调查,研究结果揭示出大别山超高压变质带（UHP）地壳精细结构及郯庐断裂带呈近垂直延伸至Moho界面,至少在Moho界面以上郯庐断裂带西侧大别山地壳物质没有迁移进入其东侧;在20km深度发现一个由西向东倾斜的强反射层,推测可能是一个大的滑脱层.

关键词：大别山超高压变质带地震层析

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FungalTraits:a user-friendly traits database of fungi and fungus-like stramenopiles

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Fungal Diversity 2020年第2期105卷 I0001-I0016页

作者： Sergei Põlme Kessy Abarenkov RHenrik Nilsson Björn D.Lindahl Karina Engelbrecht Clemmensen Havard Kauserud Nhu Nguyen Rasmus Kjøller Scott T.Bates Petr Baldrian Tobias Guldberg Frøslev Kristjan Adojaan Alfredo Vizzini Ave Suija Donald Pfister Hans-Otto Baral Helle Järv Hugo ma.rid Jenni Nordén Jian-Kui Liu Julia Pawlowska Kadri Põldma. Kadri Pärtel Kadri Runnel Karen Hansen Karl-Henrik Larsson Kevin David Hyde ma.celo Sandoval-Denis ma.thew E.Smith Merje Toome-Heller Nalin N.Wijayawardene Nelson Menolli Jr Nicole K.Reynolds Rein Drenkhan Sajeewa S.N.ma.arachchikumbura Tatiana B.Gibertoni Thoma. Læssøe William Davis Yuri Tokarev Adriana Corrales Adriene ma.ra Soares Ahto Agan Alexandre Reis ma.hado Andrés Argüelles-Moyao Andrew Detheridge Angelina de Meiras-Ottoni Annemieke Verbeken Arun Kuma. Dutta Bao-Kai Cui C.K.Pradeep César ma.ín Daniel Stanton Daniyal Gohar Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Eveli Otsing Farzad Aslani Gareth W.Griffith Thorsten H.Lumbsch Hans-Peter Grossart Hossein ma.igol Ina Timling Inga Hiiesalu Jane Oja John Y.Kupagme József Geml Julieta Alvarez-ma.jarrez Kai Ilves Kaire Loit Kalev Adamson Kazuhide Nara Kati Küngas Keilor Rojas-Jimenez Krišs Bitenieks Laszlo Irinyi LászlóGNagy Liina Soonvald Li-Wei Zhou Lysett Wagner M.Catherine Aime ma.rjaÖpik ma.ía.isa.el mujica.ma.tin metsoja.ma.tin ryberg ma.tti Vasar ma.ao Murata ma.thew PNelsen Michelle Cleary Milan C.Sama.akoon Mingkwan Doilom Mohamma. Bahram Niloufar Hagh-Doust Olesya Dulya Peter Johnston Petr Kohout Qian Chen Qing Tian Rajasree Nandi Rasekh Amiri Rekhani Hansika Perera Renata dos Santos Chikowski Renato L.Mendes-Alvarenga Roberto Garibay-Orijel Robin Gielen Rungtiwa Phookamsak Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Saleh Rahimlou Sama.tha C.Karunarathna Saowaluck Tibpromma.Shawn P.Brown Siim-Kaarel Sepp Sunil Mundra Zhu-Hua Luo Tanay Bose Tanel Vahter Tarquin Netherway Teng Yang Tom ma. Torda Varga Wei Li Victor Rafael ma.os Coimbra Virton Rodrigo Targino de Oliveira Vitor Xavier de Lima.Vladimir S.Mikryukov Yongzhong Lu Yosuke ma.suda Yumiko Miyamoto Urm Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu14A Ravila50411 TartuEstonia Natural History Museum University of Tartu46 Vanemuise Str51003 TartuEstonia Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Box 46140530 GothenburgSweden Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Soil and Environment Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 701475007 UppsalaSweden Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 702675007 UppsalaSweden Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology(EvoGene) Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloP.O.Box 1066BlindernNO-0316 OsloNorway University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 3190 Maile WaySt.John 102HonoluluHIUSA Department of Biology University of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 152100 CopenhagenØDenmark Purdue University Northwest WestvilleIN 46391USA Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of SciencesVidenska 108314220 Praha 4Czech Republic GLOBE Institute University of CopenhagenØster Farimagsgade 5KH7.2.321353 CopenhagenDenmark Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi Universitàdi TorinoViale Mattioli 2510125 TorinoItaly Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Farlow Library and Herbarium Harvard University22 Divinity AveCambridgeMA 02138USA Blaihofstr.42 72074 TübingenGermany SYNLAB Estonia Veerenni 53aTallinn 11313Estonia Escuela de Tecnología Médica Universidad Santo TomásLos Carreras 753OsornoChile Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática Universidad MayorCamino La Pirámide 5750HuechurabaSantiagoChile Norwegian Institute for Nature Research(NINA) Sognsveien 680855 OsloNorway School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Evolutionary Biology Faculty of BiologyBiological and Chemical Research CentreUniversity of Warsawul.Zwirki i Wigury 10102-089 WarsawPoland Department of Botany Swedish Museum of

The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental *** the past decades,rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved insights of the fungal diversity in all ecosystems and ***,in spite of the progress of molecular methods,knowledge about functional properties of the fungal taxa is vague and interpretation of environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful ma.ner rema.ns *** order to facilitate functional assignments and ecological interpretation of environmental studies we introduce a user friendly traits and character database FungalTraits operating at genus and species hypothesis *** the informa.ion from previous efforts such as FUNGuild and FunFun together with involvement of expert knowledge,we reannotated 10,210 and 151 fungal and Stramenopila genera,*** resulted in a stand-alone spreadsheet dataset covering 17 lifestyle related traits of fungal and Stramenopila genera,designed for rapid functional assignments of environmental *** order to assign the trait states to fungal species hypotheses,the scientific community of experts ma.ually categorised and assigned available trait informa.ion to 697,413 fungal ITS *** the basis of those sequences we were able to summa.ise trait and host informa.ion into 92,623 fungal species hypotheses at 1%dissimilarity threshold.

关键词： Fungal traits Trophic modes Function Guild Bioinforma.ics High-throughput sequencing Community ecology

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瑞典南部地区染料引起的接触性过敏

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第9期2卷 42-42页

作者： ryberg K. isakssonM. Gruvberger B. 刘艳(译) Department of Occupational and Environ mentalDerma.ology Maimoe University Hospital S-205 02 Maimoe Sweden 不详

Contact allergy to disperse dyes in textiles is documented in prevalence studies from southern Europe. To evaluate the prevalence of allergic patch test reactions to different textile dyes in southern Sweden, and to look at the sites of derma.itis in individuals hypersensitive to textile dyes, we retrospectively investigated 3325 consecutively patch-tested patients. They had all been patch tested with the standard test series supplemented with a textile dye mix (TDM) consisting of 8 disperse dyes, i.e. Disperse (D) Blue 35, 106 and 124,D Yellow3, D Orange 1 and 3 and D Red 1 and 17. All but 3 of the TDM-positive patients were additionally tested with the separate dyes included in the mix. The frequency of contact allergy to TDM was 1.5% , which is comparable with studies from southern Europe. The most common dye allergen was D Orange 1. The high prevalence of allergic reactions to D Orange 1 was unexpected, whereas test reactions to D Blue 106 and 124 were lower than expected from other studies. Compared to all tested patients, the TDM positive patients more often had derma.itis on their arms, face, neck and axillary folds, and women also had a higher frequency of hand derma.itis.

关键词：纺织染料接触性过敏南部地区瑞典试验反应手部皮炎阳性患者过敏反应

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Improving ITS sequence data for identification of plant pathogenic fungi

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第4期67卷 11-19页

作者： R.Henrik Nilsson Kevin D.Hyde Julia Pawlowska ma.tin ryberg Leho Tedersoo Anders Bjornsgard Aas Siti A.Alias Artur Alves Cajsa Lisa Anderson Alexandre Antonelli A.elizabeth Arnold Barbara Bahnma.n Mohamma. Bahram Johan Bengtsson-Palme Anna Berlin Sara Branco Putarak Chomnunti Asha Dissanayake Rein Drenkhan Hanna Friberg Tobias Guldberg Froslev Bettina Halwachs ma.tin Hartma.n Beatrice Henricot Ruvishika Jayawardena Ari Jumpponen Havard Kauserud Sonja Koskela Toma.z Kulik Kare Liima.ainen Bjorn D.Lindahl Daniel Lindner Jian-Kui Liu Sajeewa ma.arachchikumbura Dimuthu ma.amgoda Svante ma.tinsson ma.ia Alice Neves Tuula Niskanen Stephan Nylinder Olinto Liparini Pereira Danilo Batista Pinho Teresita M.Porter Valentin Queloz Taavi Riit ma.isol Sánchez-García Filipe de Sousa Emil Stefańczyk ma.iusz Tadych Susumu Takama.su Qing Tian Dhanushka Udayanga ma.tin Unterseher Zheng Wang Saowanee Wikee Jiye Yan ellen Larsson Karl-Henrik Larsson Urma. Koljalg Kessy Abarenkov Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgBox 46140530 GothenburgSweden Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Plant Systema.ics and Geography Faculty of BiologyUniversity of WarsawAl.Ujazdowskie 400-478 WarsawPoland Department of Organisma. Biology Uppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18D75236 UppsalaSweden Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of TartuLai 40Tartu 51005Estonia Microbial Evolution Research Group University of OsloBlindernveien 310371 OsloNorway Institute of Biological Sciences University of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Biology CESAMUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal School of Plant Sciences The University of Arizona1140 E South Campus DriveForbes 303TucsonAZ 85721USA Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology Institute of Microbiology ASCRVídeňská108314220 Prague 4Czech Republic Department of Infectious Diseases Institute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGuldhedsgatan 1041346 GoteborgSweden Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 702675007 UppsalaSweden University of California at Berkeley 321 Koshland Hall University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720-3102USA Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing 100097China Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering Estonian University of Life SciencesKreutzwaldi551014 TartuEstonia Natural History Museum of Denma.k Øster Voldgade 5-71350 København KDenmark Institute for Genomics and Bioinforma.ics Graz University of Technology8010 GrazAustria Core Facility Bioinforma.ics Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology8010 GrazAustria Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLZuercherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Molecular Ecology Institute for Sustainability SciencesAgroscopeReckenholzstrasse 191

Plant pathogenic fungi are a large and diverse assemblage of eukaryotes with substantial impacts on natural ecosystems and huma. *** taxa often have complex and poorly understood life cycles,lack observable,discriminatory morphological characters,and ma. not be amenable to in vitro *** a result,species identification is frequently ***(DNA sequence)data have emerged as crucial informa.ion for the taxonomic identification of plant pathogenic fungi,with the nuclear ribosoma. internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region being the most popular ***,international nucleotide sequence databases are accumulating numerous sequences of compromised or low-resolution taxonomic annotations and substandard technical quality,ma.ing their use in the molecular identification of plant pathogenic fungi *** we report on a concerted effort to identify high-quality reference sequences for various plant pathogenic fungi and to re-annotate incorrectly or insufficiently annotated public ITS sequences from these fungal lineages.A third objective was to enrich the sequences with geographical and ecological *** results-a total of 31,954 changes-are incorporated in and ma.e available through the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi(http://***),including standalone FASTA files of sequence data for local BLAST searches,use in the next-generation sequencing analysis platforms QIIME and mothur,and related *** present initiative is just a beginning to cover the wide spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi,and we invite all researchers with pertinent expertise to join the annotation effort.

关键词： Phytopathogenic fungi Molecular identification ITS Taxonomy Annotation

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