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Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Eastern Ethiopia:Clinical characteristics and determinants of cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第7期16卷 995-1008页

作者： Nejib Y Ismael Semir A Usmael Nega B Belay Hailemichael Desalegn Mekonen Asgeir Johannessen Stian ms Orlien Haramaya University College of Health and Medical SciencesHarar 252Ethiopia Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Regional Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases Oslo University HospitalOslo 0450UllevålNorway Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and Hepatology UnitSaint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical CollegeAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Department of Infectious Disease Vestfold Hospital TrustTønsberg 3103Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine Oslo UniversityOslo 0318Norway Department of PediatricsOslo UniversityOslo 0450UllevålNorway

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection is a major cause of liver-associated morbidity and mortality,particularly in low-income countries.A better understanding of the epidemiological,clinical,and virological characteristics of CHB will guide appropriate treatment strategies and improve the control and management of CHB in *** To investigate the characteristics of CHB in Eastern Ethiopia and assess the efficacy and safety of antiviral *** This cohort study included 193 adults who were human immunodeficiency virus-negative with CHB between June 2016 and December *** assessments included chemistry,serologic,and viral markers.χ^(2) tests,Mann-Whitney U tests,and logistic regression analyses were used to identify the determinants of *** disoproxil fumarate(TDF)was initiated using treatment criteria from the Ethiopian CHB pilot *** A total of 132 patients(68.4%)were men,with a median age of 30 years[interquartile range(IQR):24-38].At enrollment,60(31.1%)patients had cirrhosis,of whom 35(58.3%)had decompensated *** use,hepatitis B envelope antigen positivity,and a high viral load were independently associated with ***,66 patients(33.4%)fulfilled the treatment criteria and 59(30.6%)started *** 29 patients who completed 24 months of treatment,the median aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index declined from 1.54(IQR:0.66-2.91)to 1.10(IQR:0.75-2.53)(P=0.002),and viral suppression was achieved in 80.9%and 100%of patients after 12 months and 24 months of treatment,*** the treated patients,12(20.3%)died within the first 6 months of treatment,of whom 8 had decompensated *** This study highlights the high prevalence of cirrhosis,initial mortality,and the efficacy of TDF *** up measures to prevent and control CHB infections in Ethiopia is crucial.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Cirrhosis Cohort study Resource-limited settings Sub-Saharan Africa

Biomass-derived bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reaction: A review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第2期31卷 149-172页

作者： Satpal Singh sekhon Jaeyoung Lee Jin-Soo Park Future Environment and Energy Research Institute Sangmyung UniversityCheonan 31066Republic of Korea Department of Physics Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar 143005India Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology123 Cheomdangwagi-roBuk-guGwangju 61005Republic of Korea Department of Green Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringSangmyung UniversityCheonan 31066Republic of Korea

Oxygen electrode catalysts are important as inter-conversion of O_(2) and H_(2)O is crucial for energy ***,the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction and evolution reactions(ORR and OER)are a hindrance to their scalable production,whereas scarce and costly Pt and Ir/Ru-based catalysts with the highest electrocatalytic activity are commercially *** good ORR catalysts are not always efficient for OER and vice versa,so bifunctional catalysts on which OER and ORR occurs on the same electrode are very *** catalysts based on heteroatom-doped carbon nanomaterials,though showed good electrocatalytic activity yet their high cost and complex synthesis is not viable for scalable *** overcome these drawbacks,biomass-derived heteroatom-doped porous carbons have recently emerged as low-cost,earth-abundant,renewable and sustainable environment-friendly materials for bifunctional oxygen *** tunable morphology,mesoporous structure and high concentration of catalytic active sites of these materials due to heteroatom(N)-doping could further enhance their ORR and OER activity,along with tolerance to methanol crossover and good ***,biomassderived heteroatom-doped porous carbons with large surface area,rich edge defects,numerous micropores and thin 2 D nanoarchitecture could be suitable as efficient bifunctional oxygen *** the present article,synthesis,N-doping,ORR/OER mechanism and electrocatalytic performance of biomassderived bifunctional catalysts has been *** selected biomass(chitin,eggs,euonymus japonicas,tobacco,lysine and plant residue)except wood,act as both C and N precursor,resulting in N selfdoping of porous carbons that avoids the use of toxic chemicals,thus making the synthesis a facile and environment-friendly green *** synthetic strategy could be further optimized to develop future biomass-based N self-doped porous carbons as metal-free high performance bifunctional oxy

关键词： Bifunctional catalysts Biomass ORR OER N-doping Porous carbons

Flow-based queue management for fairness control in high-bandwidth network

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第6期59卷 261-263页

作者： Wonjun CHOI Ramneek sekhon Woojin SEOK Department of Science and Technology Information Science Korea University of Science & Technology Department of Advanced KREONET Application Support Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information

Dear editor,With the development of information equipment and growth of broadband network,the progress of Internet has changed from the network with modem speed in the past to the *** essential problem in the use of the network in a variety of fields is to use the network resource efficiently distributing the limited bandwidth[1].If congestion occurs in high-bandwidth network,slow rate flow and fast rate flow will experience

关键词： Flow-based queue management for fairness control in high-bandwidth network high

Impact of artificial intelligence in the management of esophageal,gastric and colorectal malignancies

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第2期5卷 1-14页

作者： Ayrton Bangolo Nikita Wadhwani Vignesh K Nagesh Shraboni Dey Hadrian Hoang-Vu Tran Izage Kianifar Aguilar Auda Auda Aman Sidiqui Aiswarya Menon Deborah Daoud James Liu Sai Priyanka Pulipaka Blessy George Flor Furman Nareeman Khan Adewale Plumptre Imranjot sekhon Abraham Lo Simcha Weissman Department of Internal Medicine Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States Department of Medicine Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States

The incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies has increased over the past decade at an alarming *** and gastric cancers are the third and fifth most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide but are cited as the second and third leading causes of *** institution of appropriate therapy from timely diagnosis can optimize patient *** intelligence(AI)-assisted diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic tools can assist in expeditious diagnosis,treatment planning/response prediction,and post-surgical *** can intercept neoplastic lesions in their primordial stages,accurately flag suspicious and/or inconspicuous lesions with greater accuracy on radiologic,histopathological,and/or endoscopic analyses,and eliminate over-dependence on ***-based models have shown to be on par,and sometimes even outperformed experienced gastroenterologists and *** neural networks(state-of-the-art deep learning models)are powerful computational models,invaluable to the field of precision *** models not only reliably classify images,but also accurately predict response to chemotherapy,tumor recurrence,metastasis,and survival rates *** this systematic review,we analyze the available evidence about the diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic utility of artificial intelligence in gastrointestinal oncology.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Gastrointestinal malignancies Machine learning Helicobacter pylori State-of-the-art deep learning models

高特异性σ2R/TMEM97配体FEM-1689可减轻神经病理性疼痛并抑制整合应激反应

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中国疼痛医学杂志 2024年第3期30卷 161-165页

作者：龙沙沙(译) 韩清见(校) 复旦大学脑科学研究院

在药理学界,σ2受体(σ2R)早在30多年前就被描述过,但其分子特征仍模糊不清,直到最近才被确认为跨膜蛋白97 (TMEM97)。经研究证明σ_(2)R/TMEM97配体可减轻小鼠神经病理性疼痛模型的机械超敏反应,其最大抗痛作用的时间为给药后24 h。该... 详细信息

在药理学界,σ2受体(σ2R)早在30多年前就被描述过,但其分子特征仍模糊不清,直到最近才被确认为跨膜蛋白97 (TMEM97)。经研究证明σ_(2)R/TMEM97配体可减轻小鼠神经病理性疼痛模型的机械超敏反应,其最大抗痛作用的时间为给药后24 h。该研究试图通过解决2个关键问题来了解其抗神经病理性疼痛效应:σ_(2)R/TMEM97化合物是否通过受体选择性地发挥作用,以及它们对痛觉神经元的下游机制是什么?该研究使用了一种Tmem97全身基因敲除小鼠,发现σ_(2)R/TMEM97结合化合物FEM-1689,需要该基因才能在小鼠神经损伤模型中产生抗痛作用。利用小鼠背根神经节原代神经元证明,FEM-1689能抑制整合应激反应(ISR),并通过σ_(2)R/TMEM97特异性作用促进神经元生长。随后,该研究扩展了其临床转化价值,证明FEM-1689可降低人类感觉神经元中的整合应激反应(ISR)和p-eIF2α水平,并可减轻甲基乙二醛对ISR的致病作用。同时,研究还证明了σ_(2)R/TMEM97在人类痛觉感受器和卫星胶质细胞中均有表达。这些结果证实了σ_(2)R/TMEM97有希望成为治疗神经病理性疼痛的靶点。

关键词：抗痛作用特异性作用受体选择性痛觉感受器甲基乙二醛神经病理性疼痛痛觉神经高特异性

Novel Sources of Combined Resistance Against Rice Root-Knot Nematode and Brown Spot Disease in Oryza rufipogon

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Rice science 2023年第6期30卷 504-508页

作者： Anupam sekhon Narpinderjeet Kaur DHILLON Dharminder BHATIA Jagjeet Singh LORE Harwinder Singh BUTTAR Department of Plant Pathology Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana 141004India Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana 141004India

Rice root-knot nematode(RRKN,Meloidogyne graminicola)and brown spot(BS,Drechslera oryzae)are serious constraints on the quality of rice grains,particularly under direct-seeded rice conditions in many parts of the *** rice varieties resistant to RRKN and BS will be the most effective and environmentally friendly management strategy.A total of 93 and 58 Oryza rufipogon accessions were screened against RRKN and BS,respectively,for two years under artificial inoculation *** the 93 *** accessions。

关键词： rufipogon Root Meloidogyne

Collapse period of degrading SDOF systems

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第4期13卷 681-694页

作者： Borekci M Kircil ms Ekiz I Yildiz Technical University

Seismic demand estimation for a structure is a critical issue for seismic performance assessment so that the potential damage can be estimated realistically. Many researchers proposed simplified methods to estimate the demand of a structure under strong ground motions. However, most of them did not consider degradation and collapse potential of the structures. Even some of theme considered the degradation effect, stiffness and strength degradation effects were considered separately without collapse potential caused by dynamic instability. In this study, collapse potential of SDOF systems caused by dynamic instability with stiffness and strength degradation has been investigated. Nonlinear time history analyses were performed, using an energy-based, strength and stiffness degraded hysteretic model that considers the collapse potential, with 160 earthquake acceleration time histories. An equation was proposed for the estimation of collapse period of SDOF systems as a function of certain strength reduction factor, ductility level and post-capping stiffness ratio. Finally, effects of parameters of the considered hysteretic model and local site conditions on the collapse period were investigated.

关键词： collapse degradation dynamic instability hysteretic types,earthquake

Rheological Behavior of Polymer Melts and Concentrated SolutionsPart V: A New Molecular Theory of Non-linear Viscoelasticity for Polymeric Suspensions

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1999年第2期15卷 169-177页

作者： Song, ms Zhou, W Hu, GX Hu, LJ Beijing Univ Chem Technol Inst Polymer Mat Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Dept Appl Chem Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

A double-network model is established, which consists of the segments, E and A-constituent chains, the polymeric chains entangled with other ones by multi-entanglement and polymeric chains connected to a great number of destructible particles by multi-adsorption, based on which the E and A-constituent chains can be recreated and released dynamically. The distribution function of the end-to-end vector, the statistical distribution function of conformation for two kinds of chains in the multi-entanglement and multi-adsorption states and their number of polymeric chains are calculated by the combination of statistical mechanics and kinetics. Then the viscoelastic free energies of deformation for two kinds of the networks and suspensions are calculated by Boltzmann's statistical theory. Also, elastic modulus and memory function for two kinds of the network and suspensions are derived. Consequently, a new molecular theory df the non-linear viscoelasticity for polymeric suspensions is proposed, and the constitutive equation and material function with yielding and thinning for the polymeric suspensions in different flow fields are derived from this theory.

关键词： Polymers

Maternal and Perinatal Prognosis of Arterial Hypertension and Pregnancy in a Peripheral Health Center in Mali

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第5期14卷 855-867页

作者： Samaké Alou Diarra Lasseny Keita Mamadou Haidara Dramane Haidara Mamadou Diallo Mamadou Konaté Moussa Maiga Mariam ms Ag Med Elméhdi Elansari Kassogue Djibril Dao Seydou Zana Samake Hawa Konate Karim Dembele Bertin Coulibaly Moussa Mariko Seydou Colette Dohinnon Reference Health Center in Commune VI of the Bamako District Bamako Mali Bamako Dermatology Hospital (HDB) Bamako Mali Kalaban Coro Reference Health Center Bamako Mali Timbuktu Hospital Timbuktu Mali Reference Health Center of Commune II of the Bamako district Bamako Mali Reference Health Center in Commune V of the Bamako district Bamako Mali National Institute for Training in Health Sciences Bamako Mali Mali Hospital Bamako Mali

Introduction: Maternal mortality constitutes a public health problem and its rate is an indicator of a country’s development. Among the causes of maternal and perinatal death, high blood pressure associated with pregnancy occupies a significant part. It represents 5% of direct maternal deaths. Objective: to study the maternal and perinatal prognosis of high blood pressure during pregnancy in the Tenenkou reference health center in Mali. Methodology: This was a descriptive, analytical and retrospective cross-sectional study over a period of twelve months from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 and involving 144 cases of high blood pressure associated with pregnancy. Results: We obtained a frequency of 11.75%. The majority of patients 70.9% were aged between 20 - 35 years. The important risk factor found was young age. During our study, 46.5% of patients had performed at least one CPN and only 13.9% performed 04 CPN. Pre-eclampsia was the most common type of high blood pressure during pregnancy, i.e. 61.1%. Eclampsia and retroplacental hematoma were the most common maternal complications, respectively 27.8% and 11.1%. The most common fetal complications were premature births and fetal distress with 20.9% and 17.4% respectively. Conclusion: Hypertension associated with pregnancy still remains a major cause of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality in our context where diagnosis is often late. The main clinical form was preeclampsia. Eclampsia and retroplacental hematoma were the most frequent maternal complications. Fetal complications were mainly prematurity and fetal distress.

关键词： Pregnancy High Blood Pressure Prognosis