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Natural history of chronic hepatitis B:Phases in a complex relationship

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第30期20卷 10395-10404页

作者： Catherine mn Croagh John S Lubel Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Eastern Health3128 VictoriaAustralia Eastern Health Clinical School Monash UniversityMelbourne3800 VictoriaAustralia

Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)is a condition of globalprevalence and its sequelae include cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** natural history of CHB isa complex interplay of virological,environmental andhost *** dynamic relationship between thevirus and host evolves over the duration of the infection and different phases of the disease have been observed and *** have been conceptualizedin terms of the state of balance between the host immune system and the hepatitis B virus and have beengiven the labels immune tolerant,immune clearance,immune control and immune escape although othernomenclature is also *** factors,such as age atinfection,determine progression to *** factors including hepatitis B viral load,mutationsand genotype also have an impact on the adverseoutcomes of the infection,as do hepatotoxic cofactorssuch as *** understanding of the natural history of CHB has evolved significantly over the past fewdecades and characterizing the phase of disease ofCHB remains an integral part of managing this virus in the clinic.

关键词： Hepatitis B Fibrosis Natural history Hepatitis B e antigen Liver Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Genotype

Short term outcomes of minimally invasive selective lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for low rectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2020年第4期12卷 178-189页

作者： Kar Yong Wong Aloysius mn Tan Colorectal Surgery Service Department of General SurgeryTan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore

BACKGROUND Pelvic recurrence after rectal cancer surgery is still a significant problem despite the introduction of total mesorectal excision and chemoradiation treatment(CRT),and one of the most common areas of recurrence is in the lateral pelvic lymph ***,there is a possible role for lateral pelvic lymph node dissection(LPND)in rectal *** To evaluate the short-term outcomes of patients who underwent minimally invasive LPND during rectal cancer *** outcomes were to evaluate for any predictive factors to determine lymph node metastases based on pre-operative *** From October 2016 to November 2019,22 patients with stage II or III rectal cancer underwent minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery and *** patients were all discussed at a multidisciplinary tumor board meeting and most of them received neoadjuvant chemoradiation prior to *** patients had radiologically positive lateral pelvic lymph nodes on the initial staging scans,defined as lymph nodes larger than 7 mm in long axis measurement,or abnormal radiological *** was only performed on the involved *** Majority of the patients were male(18/22,81.8%),with a median age of 65 years(44-81).Eighteen patients completed neoadjuvant CRT pre-operatively.18 patients(81.8%)had unilateral LPND,with the others receiving bilateral *** median number of lateral pelvic lymph nodes harvested was 10(3-22)per pelvic side wall.8 patients(36.4%)had positive metastases identified in the lymph nodes *** median pre-CRT size of these positive lymph nodes was 10 *** length of stay was 7.5 d(3-76),and only 2 patients failed initial removal of their urinary *** rates were low,with only 1 lymphocele and 1 anastomotic *** was only 1 mortality(4.5%).There have been no recurrences so *** Chemoradiation is inadequate in completely eradicating lateral wall metastasis and there are still technical limitations in ac

关键词： Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection Robotic rectal surgery Locally advanced rectal cancer Local recurrence Pelvic side wall recurrence

Molecular basis for identification of species/isolates of gastrointestinal nematode parasites

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第8期4卷 589-593页

作者： Ahmed M Singh mn Bera AK Bandyopadhyay S Bhattacharya D Eastern Regional Station of Indian veterinary Research Institute 37-Belgachia Roadkolkata-37West BengalIndia

Gastrointestinal（GI） parasitism is the most serious constraint throughout the world in small ruminants which causes significant production loss in *** parasites are major contributor to reduce productivity in terms of meat,milk and wool in *** of GI parasite is done primarily by anthelmintic treatment where choice and schedule of treatment is done after identification and quantitation of individual *** of GI parasites is done through microscopic method by identifying specific morphological characteristics of egg and larva（L3）.Since most of parasite eggs are having similar morphological characteristics, identification up to species level through microscopy is not possible in most of *** address this issue,molecular techniques are the viable alternative for identification of species as well as molecular level differences within a species（isolates） of *** DNA based molecular techniques ***,AFLP,RAPD,RFLP,PCR-SSCP,real time PCR,DNA microarray *** been used for identification and to assess the genetic diversity among parasite *** identification of species,the characteristic sequence of genomic DNA of different species should differ to allow the delineation of species,but at the same time,no/minor variation within the species should *** contrast,for purpose of identifying population variants（strains/isolates）, a considerable degree of variation in the sequence should exist within a *** target regions,including nuclear ribosomal DNA（rDNA）,mitochondrial DNA（mtDNA） or repetitive DNA elements（microsatellite loci）,which show considerable variation in the number of repeats within individuals have been employed to achieve the identification of parasites species or strain.

关键词： Gastrointestinal parasites Genomic DNA rDNA mtDNA Species Isolates Genetic diversity

Movements and home range of a common species of tree-shrew,Tupaia glis,surrounding houses of otoacariasis cases in Kuantan,Pahang,Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第6期3卷 427-434页

作者： Mariana A Shukor mn Muhd Norhazizi H Intan Nurlemsha B Ho TM Acarology Unit Infectious Diseases Research CentreInstitute for Medical Research50588 Kuala LumpurMalaysia School of Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia

Objective:To document movement patterns,home range,nesting behaviour and social organization of 5 individuals(3 males and 2 females) of a common species of tree-shrew,Tupaia glis(***) surrounding houses of otoacariasis ***:Each shrew was fitted with a transmitter chip radio-collar which operates between the frequencies of 154.13 MHz to 154.21 *** transmitter was then tracked with a Portable Telemetry Receiver(Sirtrack,New Zealand) fitted with a 3-element Yagi *** shrews were located using standard methods of ground-based *** location was taken from at least 2 directional fixes and a minimum of 3 compass *** were taken hourly for each collared individual from the time of emergence from nest(beginning of activity) till time of entry into the nest(end of activity) every day for 5 to 7 continuous *** series of radio telemetry observations were carried *** bearings,time and positions of an observer were recorded and later plotted on a graph paper in order to derive coordinates of the collared animal.[These coordinates then analyzed using Ecological Software Solutions(Biotas Version 1.03)].Results:Nests were found in a jack fruit tree,long bushes,and 2 *** telemetry detections demonstrated 2 individuals of different sex having nests(or a nest) in the same *** shrews emerged from and returned to their nests between 0601 to 0659 hours and 1901 to 1959 hours,respectively. Both the time of exit from and entry into nest were the same between sexes(P>0.05).Their average total active period was 4.90 to 7.00 hours with a total daily travel distant of 270 m to 382 m.A male and a female shrew can move as far as 3 285 m and 4 591 m,*** movements of *** were during *** regularly entered some houses in the area during day and night except for one individual which visited during daytime *** sizes of home range and core area for the shrews were 2.00-3.40 ha and 0.05-0.4

关键词： Movements Home range Tree-shrew Otoacariasis cases Malaysia

OPTIMAL HIERARCHY STRUCTURES FOR MULTI-ATTRIBUTE-CRITERIA DECISIONS

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2009年第2期22卷 228-242页

作者： Stan LIPOVETSKY GfK Custom Research North America

A problem of a hierarchy structure optimization is *** structures arewidely used in the Analytic Hierarchy Process,conjoint analysis,and various other methods of multiplecriteria decision *** problem consists in finding a structure that needs a minimum number ofpair comparisons for a given total number of the *** an optimal hierarchy,the minimumefforts are needed for eliciting data and synthesizing the local preferences across the hierarchy to getthe global priorities or *** estimation techniques are developed and numerical *** and numerical results suggest optimal ways of priority evaluations for practicalmanagerial decisions in a complex environment.

关键词： Analytic Hierarchy Process conjoint analysis hierarchy optimization pair comparisons.

Genotypes and viral variants in chronic hepatitis B: A review of epidemiology and clinical relevance

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第3期7卷 289-303页

作者： Catherine mn Croagh Paul V Desmond Sally J Bell Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's Hospital

The Hepatitis B Virus(HBV) has a worldwide distribu-tion and is endemic in many populations. It is constantly evolving and 10 genotypic strains have been identified with varying prevalences in different geographic regions. Numerous stable mutations in the core gene and in the su-rface gene of the HBV have also been identified in untreated HBV populations. The genotypes and viral variants have been associated with certain clinical featu-res of HBV related liver disease and Hepatocellu-lar carcinoma. For example Genotype C is associated withlater hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag) seroconversion, and more advanced liver disease. Genotype A is associated with a greater risk of progression to chronicity in adu-lt acqu-ired HBV infections. Genotype D is particu-larly associated with the precore mu-tation and HBe Ag negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB). The genotypes prevalent in parts of West Africa, Central and Sou-th America, E, F and H respectively, are less well stu-died. Viral variants especially the Basal Core Promotor mutation is associated with increased risk of fibrosis and cancer of the liver. Althou-gh not cu-rrently part of rou-tine clinical care, evalu-ation of genotype and viral variants may provide u-sefu-l adju-nctive information in predicting risk abou-t liver related morbidity in patients with CHB.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Genotype Pre-core Basal core promotor Mutations

The‘Integrating Culture and Tourism:A Symposium to Share Your Stories and Insights’Event at the British Museum

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China & The World Cultural Exchange 2019年第8期85卷 17-23页

作者： mn Lei 不详

On June 25,the"Integrating Culture and Tourism:A Symposium to Share Your Stories and Insights"event was held at London's British *** by China National Tourist Office,London and coorganized by CTS Horizons,cooperated with Nouvelles d'Europe(UK edition)and"Has to be China"Travel Company,supported b|y the Bureau of International Exchanges and Cooperation,Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People s Republic of China,the cultural office at the Chinese Embassy in the UK and Network of International Culturalink Entities,the symposium held panel discussions on historical and literary figures,and on events,festivals and tourism.

关键词： CTS Ministry of Culture Embass

EVANS FUNCTIONS AND ASYMPTOTIC STABILITY OF TRAVELING WAVE SOLUTIONS

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2001年第3期22卷 343-360页

作者： ZHANG LINGHAI School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, 206 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, mn 55455, USA. School of Mathematics University of Minnesota 206 Church Street S. E. Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

This paper studies the asymptotic stability of traveling we solutions of nonlinear systems of integral-differential equations. It has been established that linear stability of traveling waves is equivalent to nonlinear stability and some "nice structure" of the spectrum of an associated operator implies the linear stability. By using the method of variation of parameter, the author defines some complex analytic function, called the Evans function. The zeros of the Evans function corresponds to the eigenvalues of the associated linear operator. By calculating the zeros of the Evans function, the asymptotic stability of the travling wave solutions is established.

关键词： Traveling wave solutions Asymptotic stability Eigenvalue problem Normal spectrum Evans function

Andrographolide effect on both Plasmodium falciparum infected and noninfected RBCs membranes

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第7期8卷 505-510页

作者： Zaid O Ibraheem Abd Majid R Sabariah mn Hasidah MS Al-Zihiry K Yam MF Basir R Pharmacology Unit Department of Human Anatomy Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Hematology Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia School of pharmaceutical science Universiti Sains Malaysia

Objective: To explore whether its antiplasmodium effect of andrographolide is attributed to its plausible effect on the plasma membrane of both Plasmodium falciparum infected and noninfected RBCs. Methods: Anti-plasmodium effect of andrographolide against Plasmodium falciparum strains was screened using the conventional malaria drug sensitivity assay. The drug was incubated with uninfected RBCs to monitor its effect on their morphology, integrity and osmotic fragility. It was incubated with the plasmodium infected RBCs to monitor its effect on the parasite induced permeation pathways. Its effect on the potential of merozoites to invade new RBCs was tested using merozoite invasion assay. Results: It showed that at andrographolide was innocuous to RBCs at concentrations approach its therapeutic level against plasmodia. Nevertheless, this inertness was dwindled at higher concentrations. Conclusions: In spite of its success to inhibit plasmodium induced permeation pathway and the potential of merozoites to invade new RBCs, its anti-plasmodium effect can't be attributed to these functions as they were attained at concentrations higher than what is required to eradicate the parasite. Consequently, other mechanisms may be associated with its claimed actions.

关键词： Andrographolide Terpenoid Plasmodium falciparum Merozoites Permeation & Osmotic fragility