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A novel phenol-bound pectic polysaccharide from Decalepis hamiltonii with multi-step ulcer preventive activity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第39期13卷 5196-5207页

作者： BM Srikanta mn Siddaraju Shylaja M Dharmesh Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition Central Food Technological Research InstituteMysore -570020KarnatakaIndia

AIM: To investigate H+, K+-ATPase inhibition, anti-H pylori , antioxidant, and the in vivo antiulcer potential of a pectic polysaccharide from Swallow root (Decalepis hamiltonii; SRPP). METHODS: SRPP, with known sugar composition [rhamnose: arabinose: xylose: galactose in the ratio of 16:50:2:32 (w/w), with 141 mg/g of uronic acid] was examined for anti-ulcer potency in vivo against swim/ ethanol stress-induction in animal models. Ulcer index, antioxidant/antioxidant enzymes, H+, K+-ATPase and gastric mucin levels were determined to assess the anti- ulcer potency. Anti-H pylori activity was also determined by viable colony count and electron microscopic studies. RESULTS: SRPP, containing phenolics at 0.12 g GAE/g, prevented stress-induced gastric ulcers in animal models by 80%-85%. Down regulation of gastric mucin 2-3 fold, antioxidant/antioxidant enzymes and upregulation of 3 fold of H+, K+-ATPase in ulcerous animals were normalized upon treatment with SRPP. Histopathological analysis revealed protection to the disrupted gastric mucosal layer and epithelial glands. SRPP also inhibited H+, K+-ATPase in vitro, at an IC50 of 77 μg/mL as opposed to that of 19.3 μg/mL of Lansoprazole and H pylori growth at Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 150 μg/mL. In addition, free radical scavenging (IC50-40 μg/mL) and reducing power (3200 U/g) activities were also observed. CONCLUSION: SRPP, with defined sugar composition and phenolics, exhibited multi-potent free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-H pylori, inhibition of H+, K+-ATPase and gastric mucosal protective activities. In addition, SRPP is non-toxic as opposed to other known anti-ulcer drugs, and therefore may be employed as a potential alternative for ulcer management.

关键词： Swallow root pectic polysaccharide Gastriculcer H^+, K^+-ATPase Histopathology Antioxidant activity H pylori

Natural history of chronic hepatitis B:Phases in a complex relationship

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第30期20卷 10395-10404页

作者： Catherine mn Croagh John S Lubel Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Eastern Health3128 VictoriaAustralia Eastern Health Clinical School Monash UniversityMelbourne3800 VictoriaAustralia

Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)is a condition of globalprevalence and its sequelae include cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** natural history of CHB isa complex interplay of virological,environmental andhost *** dynamic relationship between thevirus and host evolves over the duration of the infection and different phases of the disease have been observed and *** have been conceptualizedin terms of the state of balance between the host immune system and the hepatitis B virus and have beengiven the labels immune tolerant,immune clearance,immune control and immune escape although othernomenclature is also *** factors,such as age atinfection,determine progression to *** factors including hepatitis B viral load,mutationsand genotype also have an impact on the adverseoutcomes of the infection,as do hepatotoxic cofactorssuch as *** understanding of the natural history of CHB has evolved significantly over the past fewdecades and characterizing the phase of disease ofCHB remains an integral part of managing this virus in the clinic.

关键词： Hepatitis B Fibrosis Natural history Hepatitis B e antigen Liver Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Genotype

Short term outcomes of minimally invasive selective lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for low rectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2020年第4期12卷 178-189页

作者： Kar Yong Wong Aloysius mn Tan Colorectal Surgery Service Department of General SurgeryTan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore

BACKGROUND Pelvic recurrence after rectal cancer surgery is still a significant problem despite the introduction of total mesorectal excision and chemoradiation treatment(CRT),and one of the most common areas of recurrence is in the lateral pelvic lymph ***,there is a possible role for lateral pelvic lymph node dissection(LPND)in rectal *** To evaluate the short-term outcomes of patients who underwent minimally invasive LPND during rectal cancer *** outcomes were to evaluate for any predictive factors to determine lymph node metastases based on pre-operative *** From October 2016 to November 2019,22 patients with stage II or III rectal cancer underwent minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery and *** patients were all discussed at a multidisciplinary tumor board meeting and most of them received neoadjuvant chemoradiation prior to *** patients had radiologically positive lateral pelvic lymph nodes on the initial staging scans,defined as lymph nodes larger than 7 mm in long axis measurement,or abnormal radiological *** was only performed on the involved *** Majority of the patients were male(18/22,81.8%),with a median age of 65 years(44-81).Eighteen patients completed neoadjuvant CRT pre-operatively.18 patients(81.8%)had unilateral LPND,with the others receiving bilateral *** median number of lateral pelvic lymph nodes harvested was 10(3-22)per pelvic side wall.8 patients(36.4%)had positive metastases identified in the lymph nodes *** median pre-CRT size of these positive lymph nodes was 10 *** length of stay was 7.5 d(3-76),and only 2 patients failed initial removal of their urinary *** rates were low,with only 1 lymphocele and 1 anastomotic *** was only 1 mortality(4.5%).There have been no recurrences so *** Chemoradiation is inadequate in completely eradicating lateral wall metastasis and there are still technical limitations in ac

关键词： Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection Robotic rectal surgery Locally advanced rectal cancer Local recurrence Pelvic side wall recurrence

Integration of light signaling with photoperiodic flowering and circadian rhythm

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Cell Research 2005年第8期15卷 559-566页

作者： Min NI* Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, mn 55108, USA Department of Plant Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul USA

Plants become photosynthetic through de-etiolation, a developmental process regulated by red/far-red light-absorbing phytochromes and blue/ultraviolet A light-absorbing cryptochromes. Genetic screens have identified in the last decade many far-red light signaling mutants and several red and blue light signaling mutants, suggesting the existence of distinct red, far-red, or blue light signaling pathways downstream of phytochromes and cryptochromes. However, genetic screens have also identified mutants with defective de-etiolation responses under multiple wavelengths. Thus, the opti- mal de-etiolation responses of a plant depend on coordination among the different light signaling pathways. This review intends to discuss several recently identified signaling components that have a potential role to integrate red, far-red, and blue light signalings. This review also highlights the recent discoveries on proteolytic degradation in the desensitization of light signal transmission, and the tight connection of light signaling with photoperiodic flowering and circadian rhythm. Studies on the controlling mechanisms of de-etiolation, photoperiodic flowering, and circadian rhythm have been the fascinating topics in Arabidopsis research. The knowledge obtained from Arabidopsis can be readily applied to food crops and ornamental species, and can be contributed to our general understanding of signal perception and transduction in all organisms.

关键词： circadian regulation cryptochromes photomorphogenesis photoperiodic flowering phytochromes.

Molecular basis for identification of species/isolates of gastrointestinal nematode parasites

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第8期4卷 589-593页

作者： Ahmed M Singh mn Bera AK Bandyopadhyay S Bhattacharya D Eastern Regional Station of Indian veterinary Research Institute 37-Belgachia Roadkolkata-37West BengalIndia

Gastrointestinal（GI） parasitism is the most serious constraint throughout the world in small ruminants which causes significant production loss in *** parasites are major contributor to reduce productivity in terms of meat,milk and wool in *** of GI parasite is done primarily by anthelmintic treatment where choice and schedule of treatment is done after identification and quantitation of individual *** of GI parasites is done through microscopic method by identifying specific morphological characteristics of egg and larva（L3）.Since most of parasite eggs are having similar morphological characteristics, identification up to species level through microscopy is not possible in most of *** address this issue,molecular techniques are the viable alternative for identification of species as well as molecular level differences within a species（isolates） of *** DNA based molecular techniques ***,AFLP,RAPD,RFLP,PCR-SSCP,real time PCR,DNA microarray *** been used for identification and to assess the genetic diversity among parasite *** identification of species,the characteristic sequence of genomic DNA of different species should differ to allow the delineation of species,but at the same time,no/minor variation within the species should *** contrast,for purpose of identifying population variants（strains/isolates）, a considerable degree of variation in the sequence should exist within a *** target regions,including nuclear ribosomal DNA（rDNA）,mitochondrial DNA（mtDNA） or repetitive DNA elements（microsatellite loci）,which show considerable variation in the number of repeats within individuals have been employed to achieve the identification of parasites species or strain.

关键词： Gastrointestinal parasites Genomic DNA rDNA mtDNA Species Isolates Genetic diversity

Movements and home range of a common species of tree-shrew,Tupaia glis,surrounding houses of otoacariasis cases in Kuantan,Pahang,Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第6期3卷 427-434页

作者： Mariana A Shukor mn Muhd Norhazizi H Intan Nurlemsha B Ho TM Acarology Unit Infectious Diseases Research CentreInstitute for Medical Research50588 Kuala LumpurMalaysia School of Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia

Objective:To document movement patterns,home range,nesting behaviour and social organization of 5 individuals(3 males and 2 females) of a common species of tree-shrew,Tupaia glis(***) surrounding houses of otoacariasis ***:Each shrew was fitted with a transmitter chip radio-collar which operates between the frequencies of 154.13 MHz to 154.21 *** transmitter was then tracked with a Portable Telemetry Receiver(Sirtrack,New Zealand) fitted with a 3-element Yagi *** shrews were located using standard methods of ground-based *** location was taken from at least 2 directional fixes and a minimum of 3 compass *** were taken hourly for each collared individual from the time of emergence from nest(beginning of activity) till time of entry into the nest(end of activity) every day for 5 to 7 continuous *** series of radio telemetry observations were carried *** bearings,time and positions of an observer were recorded and later plotted on a graph paper in order to derive coordinates of the collared animal.[These coordinates then analyzed using Ecological Software Solutions(Biotas Version 1.03)].Results:Nests were found in a jack fruit tree,long bushes,and 2 *** telemetry detections demonstrated 2 individuals of different sex having nests(or a nest) in the same *** shrews emerged from and returned to their nests between 0601 to 0659 hours and 1901 to 1959 hours,respectively. Both the time of exit from and entry into nest were the same between sexes(P>0.05).Their average total active period was 4.90 to 7.00 hours with a total daily travel distant of 270 m to 382 m.A male and a female shrew can move as far as 3 285 m and 4 591 m,*** movements of *** were during *** regularly entered some houses in the area during day and night except for one individual which visited during daytime *** sizes of home range and core area for the shrews were 2.00-3.40 ha and 0.05-0.4

关键词： Movements Home range Tree-shrew Otoacariasis cases Malaysia

Antimicrobial activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Rheum emodi extracts against H pylori: In vitro and in vivo studies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第44期12卷 7136-7142页

作者： Mohammed Ibrahim Aleem A Khan Santosh K Tiwari Mohammed Aejaz Habeeb mn Khaja CM Habibullah Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics Deccan college of Medical Sciences and Allied Hospitals Kanchanbagh Hyderabad India

AIM： To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Sapindus mukorossi （S. mukorossl） and Rheum emodi （R. emodl）. METHODS： Powders of S. mukorossi and R. emodi were extracted successively with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform and ethanol and were concentrated in vacuum. The disk diffusion method was used for in vitro studies and in vivo studies were performed on male Wister rats. Thirty resistant clinical isolates of H pylon, as determined by their antibiotic sensitivity patterns by E-test, along with two Gram ＋ve （S. aureus, B. subtilis） and two Gram -ve （E. coli, P. vugaris） organisms were screened for their susceptibility patterns against these extracts. RESULTS： In our screening, all 30 resistant isolates and the other four organisms （two Gram ＋ve S. aureus, B. subtilis and two Gram -ve, E. coli, P. vugaris） were sensitive to the test compounds. It was found that ethanol and chloroform extracts of S. mukorossi and ethanol and benzene extracts of R. emodi inhibited Hpylori at very low concentrations, In the in vitro study, the isolates showed a considerable zone of inhibition at very low concentrations （10 μg/mL） for both the extracts. In the in vivo study, the H pylori infection was cleared with minimal doses of extracts of S. mukorossi （2.5 mg/mL） and R. emodi （3.0 mg/mL） given orally for seven days. CONCLUSION： We can conclude from this study that the extracts of S. mukorossi and R. emodi inhibited the growth of pylori in vitro and, in in vivo studies, the H pylori infection cleared within seven days at very low concentrations. We also found that H pylori did not acquire resistance against these herbal extracts even after 10 consecutive passages.

关键词： H pylori Sapindus mukorossi Rheum emodi

OPTIMAL HIERARCHY STRUCTURES FOR MULTI-ATTRIBUTE-CRITERIA DECISIONS

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2009年第2期22卷 228-242页

作者： Stan LIPOVETSKY GfK Custom Research North America

A problem of a hierarchy structure optimization is *** structures arewidely used in the Analytic Hierarchy Process,conjoint analysis,and various other methods of multiplecriteria decision *** problem consists in finding a structure that needs a minimum number ofpair comparisons for a given total number of the *** an optimal hierarchy,the minimumefforts are needed for eliciting data and synthesizing the local preferences across the hierarchy to getthe global priorities or *** estimation techniques are developed and numerical *** and numerical results suggest optimal ways of priority evaluations for practicalmanagerial decisions in a complex environment.

关键词： Analytic Hierarchy Process conjoint analysis hierarchy optimization pair comparisons.

Genotypes and viral variants in chronic hepatitis B: A review of epidemiology and clinical relevance

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第3期7卷 289-303页

作者： Catherine mn Croagh Paul V Desmond Sally J Bell Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's Hospital

The Hepatitis B Virus(HBV) has a worldwide distribu-tion and is endemic in many populations. It is constantly evolving and 10 genotypic strains have been identified with varying prevalences in different geographic regions. Numerous stable mutations in the core gene and in the su-rface gene of the HBV have also been identified in untreated HBV populations. The genotypes and viral variants have been associated with certain clinical featu-res of HBV related liver disease and Hepatocellu-lar carcinoma. For example Genotype C is associated withlater hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag) seroconversion, and more advanced liver disease. Genotype A is associated with a greater risk of progression to chronicity in adu-lt acqu-ired HBV infections. Genotype D is particu-larly associated with the precore mu-tation and HBe Ag negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB). The genotypes prevalent in parts of West Africa, Central and Sou-th America, E, F and H respectively, are less well stu-died. Viral variants especially the Basal Core Promotor mutation is associated with increased risk of fibrosis and cancer of the liver. Althou-gh not cu-rrently part of rou-tine clinical care, evalu-ation of genotype and viral variants may provide u-sefu-l adju-nctive information in predicting risk abou-t liver related morbidity in patients with CHB.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Genotype Pre-core Basal core promotor Mutations