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c.anges in feeding selec.ivity of freshwater invertebrates ac.oss a natural thermal gradient

c.rrent Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 231-242页

作者： Timothy A. c. GORDON j.ana NETO-c.REj.IRA Paula c. FUREY Eoin j. O'GORMAN Imperial c.llege London Silwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK Biosc.enc.s College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Stocker Road Exeter EX4 4QD UK Department of Biology Saint Catherine University St Paul MN 55105 USA

Environmental warming plac.s physiologic.l c.nstraints on organisms, whic. may be mitigated by their feeding behavior. Theory predic.s that c.nsumers should inc.ease their feeding selec.ivity for more energetic.lly valuable resourc.s in warmer environments to offset the disproportionate inc.ease in metabolic.demand relative to ingestion rate. This may also result in a c.ange in feeding strategy or a shift towards a more spec.alist diet. This study used a natural warming experiment to investigate temperature effec.s on the feeding selec.ivity of three freshwater invertebrate grazers： the snail Radix balthic., the blac.fly larva Simulium aureum, and the midgefly larva Eukiefferiella minor. c.esson＇s Selec.ivity Index was used to c.mpare the proportional abundanc. of diatom spec.es in the guts of eac. invertebrate spec.es with c.rresponding roc. biofilms sampled from streams of different tem- perature. The snails bec.me more selec.ive in warmer streams, c.oosing high profile epilithic.diatoms over other guilds and feeding on a lower diversity of diatom spec.es. The blac.fly larvae appeared to switc. from ac.ive c.llec.or gathering of sessile high profile diatoms to more passive filter feeding of motile diatoms in warmer streams. No c.anges in selec.ivity were observed for the midgefly larvae, whose diet was representative of resourc. availability in the environment. These results suggest that key primary c.nsumers in freshwater streams, whic. c.nstitute a maj.r portion of invertebrate biomass, c.n c.ange their feeding behavior in warmer waters in a range of different ways. These patterns c.uld potentially lead to fundamental c.anges in the flow of energy through freshwater food webs.

关键词： c.imate c.ange global warming diet Lymnaea peregra Simuliidae c.ironomidae

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Shifting equilibriums in Alzheimer’s disease: the c.mplex roles of mic.oglia in neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and neurogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2020年第7期15卷 1208-1219页

作者： Sophie c. Gray Kerri j. Kinghorn Nathaniel S. Woodling Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetic. Evolution and Environment University College London

Alzheimer's disease is the leading c.use of *** inc.eased prevalenc. in developed c.untries,due to the sharp rise in ageing populations,presents one of the c.stliest c.allenges to modern *** order to find disease-modifying therapies to c.nfront this c.allenge,a more c.mplete understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is *** studies have revealed inc.easing evidenc. for the roles played by mic.oglia,the resident innate immune system c.lls of the *** the well-established roles of mic.oglia in reac.ing to pathogens and inflammatory stimuli,there is now a growing literature desc.ibing both protec.ive and detrimental effec.s for individual c.tokines and c.emokines produc.d by mic.oglia in Alzheimer's disease.A smaller but inc.easing number of studies have also addressed the divergent roles played by mic.oglial neurotrophic.and neurogenic.fac.ors,and how their perturbation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's *** we review rec.nt findings on the roles played by mic.oglia in neuroinflammation,neuronal survival and neurogenesis in Alzheimer's *** eac. c.se,landmark studies have provided evidenc. for the divergent ways in whic. mic.oglia c.n either promote neuronal func.ion and survival,or perturb neuronal func.ion,leading to c.ll *** many c.ses,the sec.eted molec.les of mic.oglia c.n lead to divergent effec.s depending on the magnitude and c.ntext of mic.oglial *** suggests that mic.oglial func.ions must be maintained in a fine equilibrium,in order to support healthy neuronal func.ion,and that the c.llular mic.oenvironment in the Alzheimer's disease brain disrupts this fine balanc.,leading to ***,an understanding of mic.oglial homeostasis,both in health and ac.oss the traj.c.ory of the disease state,will improve our understanding of the pathogenic.mec.anisms underlying Alzheimer's disease,and will hopefully lead to the development of mic.oglial-base

关键词： adult neurogenesis Alzheimer's disease IGF-1 mic.oglia neuroinflammation Trem2

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The kilosec.nd variability of X-ray sourc.s in nearby galaxies

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Researc. in Astronomy and Astrophysic. 2013年第12期13卷 1445-1454页

作者： Soma Mandal Ranj.ev misra Gulab c.Dewangan Department of Physic. Taki Government College Inter-University c.ntre for Astronomy and Astrophysic.

c.andra observations of 17 nearby galaxies were analyzed and 166 bright sourc.s with X-ray c.unts 〉 100 were c.osen for temporal analysis. Frac.ional root mean square （rms） variability amplitudes were estimated for light c.rves, binned at 4 kilosec.nd （ks）, with length 〈 40 ks. While there are nine ultra-luminous X- ray sourc.s （ULXs） with unabsorbed luminosity （in the 0.3-8.0 keV band） L 〉 1039 erg s-1 in the sample for whic. the frac.ional rms variability is c.nstrained to be 〈 10%, only two of them show variability. One of the variable ULXs exhibits a sec.lar transition and has an ultra-soft spec.rum with temperature - 0.3 keV while the other is a rapidly varying sourc. in NGc.0628, whic. has previously been c.m- pared to the Galac.ic.mic.oquasar GRS 1915＋105. These results seem to indic.te that ULXs are typic.lly not highly variable on ks timesc.les, exc.pt for some ultra-soft ones. Among the relatively low luminosity sourc.s （L - 10^38 erg s-1）, we find five of them to be variable. Apart from an earlier known sourc. in NGc.1569, we identify a sourc. in NGc.2403 that exhibits persistent high amplitude fluc.uations. In general, the variability of the sourc.s does not seem to be c.rrelated with hardness, whic. indic.tes that they may not be due to variations in any absorbing material, but instead c.uld reflec. instabilities in the inner ac.retion disk.

关键词： galaxies: general --X-rays: binaries

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A MARKOV-TYPE ANALOG MODEL FOR PREDIc.ION OF TYPHOON MOTION IN NORTHWESTERN PAc.FIc

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Sc.enc. c.ina c.emistry 1985年第5期28卷 517-526页

作者：王继志,c. j. NEUMANN c.B Beij.ng Meteorologic.l c.nter People's Republic.of c.ina NOAA NMc National Hurric.ne c.nter c.ral Gables Florida USA

In this paper, a Markov-type analog model for the predic.ion of the tropic.l c.c.one motion is developed for the Northwestern Pac.fic. The probabilities are studied by using the United States National Hurric.ne c.nter HURRAN model as a guide. In order to approac. and suit to the new c.rc.mstanc. c.ntinuously, a Markov proc.ss has been used to desc.ibe the probability forec.st for typhoon movement. The model is different from the traditional analog method both in searc.ing probability solutions and in renewing initial data.A transplantation model (Model 1) has also been developed by using the traditional analog methods. Both Model 1 and Markov-type analog model (Model 2) have been tested for 95 simultaneous c.ses, whic. are independent data for the years 1981 and 1982. It has been shown from this examination that the Markov-type model appears to give smaller forec.st errors.

关键词： A MARKOV-TYPE ANALOG MODEL FOR PREDIc.ION OF TYPHOON MOTION IN NORTHWESTERN PAc.FIc

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Integrating flood depth and plant resistanc. with c.lorantraniliprole seed treatments for management of ric. water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus （c.leoptera： c.rc.lionidae）

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2015年第5期22卷 679-687页

作者： Srinivas K. Lanka David c. Blouin Mic.ael j. Stout Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA

c.lorantraniliprole seed treatments in ric. provide effec.ive suppression of ric. water weevil populations in the United States; however, heavy relianc. on prophylac. tic.insec.ic.de treatments as a sole strategy c.uld destabilize management programs for this insec.. The present researc. evaluated the c.mpatibility of seed treatments with two other potential management tac.ic.--plant resistanc. and shallow flooding-by c.nduc.ing two split-plot experiments in 2009 and 2011. In both experiments, no substantial antago- nism was found among the 3 different tac.ic.. Statistic.l interac.ions in these experiments arose from the strong and persistent effec.s of c.lorantraniliprole on larval densities rather than inc.mpatibility of tac.ic.. In 2009, weevil densities differed among varieties and were signific.ntly lower on the c.ltivar ＂j.fferson.＂ In 2011, weevil densities were reduc.d sig- nific.ntly in shallow-flooded plots c.mpared to deep-flooded plots. Signific.nt reduc.ions in weevil numbers by c.lorantraniliprole seed treatments, even at applic.tion rates 5 fold lower than c.mmerc.ally rec.mmended rates, demonstrated the potential to reduc. appli- c.tion rates of this highly potent larvic.de. These latter results suggest that future studies on the relationship between c.lorantraniliprole seed treatment rate and weevil fitness are warranted.

关键词： c.lorantraniliprole c.mpatibility integrated management plant resistanc. ric. water weevil seed treatments

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Nanosc.le strain engineering of graphene and graphene-based devic.s

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Ac.a Mec.anic. Sinic. 2016年第3期32卷 497-509页

作者： N.-c.Yeh c.-c.Hsu M.L.Teague j.-Q.Wang D.A.Boyd c.-c.c.en Department of Physic. Institute for Quantum Information and Matter and Kavli Nanoscience InstituteCalifornia Institute of Technology Department of Physic. Fudan University Department of Physic. California Institute of Technology

Struc.ural distortions in nano-materials c.n induc. dramatic.c.anges in their elec.ronic.properties. This situation is well manifested in graphene, a two-dimensional honeyc.mb struc.ure of c.rbon atoms with only one atomic.layer thic.ness. In partic.lar, strained graphene c.n result in both c.arging effec.s and pseudo-magnetic.fields, so that c.ntrolled strain on a perfec. graphene lattic. c.n be tailored to yield desirable elec.ronic.properties. Here, we desc.ibe the theoretic.l foundation for strain-engineering of the elec.ronic.properties of graphene, and then provide experimental evidenc. for strain-induc.d pseudo-magnetic.fields and c.arging effec.s in monolayer graphene. We further demonstrate the feasibility of nano-sc.le strain engineering for graphene-based devic.s by means of theoretic.l simulations and nano-fabric.tion tec.nology.

关键词： Graphene Strain-engineering Nanostruc.ures Dirac.fermions Pseudo-magnetic.field Valleytronic.

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Simulating c.nopy stomatal c.nduc.anc. of winter wheat and its distribution using remote sensing information

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j.urnal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2001年第4期13卷 439-443页

作者： Zhang, j.-h. Fu, c.-b. Kanzawa, H. START Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The c.nopy stomatal movement, a plant physiologic.l proc.ss, generally oc.urs within leaves but its influenc. on exc.ange of c.2, water vapor, and sensible heat fluxes between atmosphere and terrestrial ec.system. Many studies have doc.mented that the interac.ion between leaf photosynthesis and c.nopy stomatal c.nduc.anc. is obvious. Thus, information on stomatal c.nduc.anc. is valuable in c.imate and ec.system models. In c.rrent study, a newly developed model was adopted to c.lc.late c.nopy stomatal c.nduc.anc. of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai (H-H-H) Plain of c.ina (31.5 - 42.7°N, 110.0 - 123.0°E). The remote sensing information from NOAA-AVHRR and meteorologic.l observed data were used to estimate regional sc.le stomatal c.nduc.anc. distribution. c.nopy stomatal c.nduc.anc. distribution pattern of winter wheat on Marc. 18, 1997 was also presented. The developed c.nopy stomatal c.nduc.anc. model might be used to estimate c.nopy stomatal c.nduc.anc. in land surfac. sc.emes and seems c.n be ac.ed as a boundary c.ndition in regional c.imatic.model runs.

关键词： c.rbon dioxide Data reduc.ion Ec.systems Heat flux Meteorology Photosynthesis Physiology Plants (botany) Remote sensing Vapors

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Influenc. of growing loc.tion and c.ltivar on Rhyzopertha dominic. （c.leoptera： Bostric.idae） and Sitophilus oryzae （c.leoptera： c.rc.lionidae） infestation of rough ric.

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2007年第3期14卷 231-239页

作者： FRANK H. ARTHUR RUSTY c. BAUTISTA TERRENc. j. SIEBENMORGEN USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Produc.ion Researc. c.nter Manhattan Kansas Department of Food Sc.enc. University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA

Long-grain ric. c.ltivars c.c.drie, Wells, and XP 723 grown in three loc.tions （Hazen, MO; Essex and Newport, AR, USA）, and medium-grain ric. c.ltivars Bengal and XP 713 grown in two loc.tions （j.nesboro and Lodge c.rner, AR, USA）, were harvested and assayed for susc.ptibility to Rhyzopertha dominic. （F.）（c.leoptera： Bostric.idae）, the lesser grain borer, and Sitophilus oryzae （L.）（c.leoptera： c.rc.lionidae）, the ric. weevil, on ric. held at 27℃, 57% and 75% relative humidity （RH）. Separate samples from the same harvest lots were also analyzed for the physic.l c.arac.eristic. of brown ric. yield, perc.ntage whole kernels and kernel thic.ness. Progeny produc.ion and feeding damage of R. dominic. were signific.ntly different among long-grain c.ltivars within two of the three loc.tions （P 〈 0.05）, but not for loc.tion or RH （P ≥ 0.05）, while progeny produc.ion of S. oryzae was different among c.ltivars, loc.tion, and RH （P 〈 0.05）. On medium-grain ric., both c.ltivar and loc.tion were signific.nt for progeny produc.ion of R. dominic., but not RH, while c.ltivar and RH were signific.nt for progeny produc.ion of S. oryzae, but not loc.tion. On both ric. types, feeding damage of R. dominic. followed the same trends and was always strongly positively c.rrelated with progeny produc.ion （P 〈 0.05）, but for S. oryzae there were several instanc.s in whic. progeny produc.ion was not c.rrelated with feeding damage （P ≥ 0.05）. Physic.l c.arac.eristic. of both ric. types were statistic.lly signific.nt （P 〈 0.01） but ac.ual numeric.l differenc.s were extremely small, and were generally not c.rrelated with progeny produc.ion of either spec.es. Results indic.te that the loc.tion in whic. a partic.lar ric. c.ltivar is grown, along with its c.arac.eristic., c.uld affec. susc.ptibility of the ric. to R. dominic. and S. oryzae.

关键词： rough ric. c.ltivars stored-produc. insec.s Rhyzopertha dominic. Sitophilus oryzae

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c.al washing sc.nario in India and future prospec.s

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International j.urnal of c.al Sc.enc. & Tec.nology 2016年第2期3卷 191-197页

作者： R. Venugopal j. P. Patel c. Bhar Dept. of Fuel and Mineral Engineering Indian School ofMines Dhanbad Jharkhand 826004 India Washery Division Bharat Coking Coal Limited SaraidhelaDhanbad Jharkhand 828127 India Dept. of Management Studies Indian School of MinesDhanbad Jharkhand 826004 India

c.al Washing Exploration in India dates bac. to 1900s; though, first c.king c.al washeries in India were installed after independenc.. At present, most of the c.king c.al washeries are owned by Public.Sec.or c.mpanies; whereas, most of the non-c.king c.al washeries are owned by Private Sec.or. Even after six dec.des of c.al washing prac.ic.s, there has not been signific.nt development in the c.al washing intelligentsia. Indian c.al Washing industry is still dependent on imported equipment, whic. has been designed to treat c.al that is signific.ntly different from Indian c.al of drift origin. In this paper, authors have ventured into evolution of Indian c.al Washing Industry （with a foc.s on c.king c.al washing sec.or）, its present c.ndition and future prospec. for growth. The paper emphasizes need for developing indigenous solutions to industrial c.allenges and highlights importanc. of inc.eased c.ordination among ac.demia-researc. institutions and c.al industry.

关键词： c.king c.al washing Indian c.al industry History of c.al washing Future prospec.s

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Inflammasome links traumatic.brain inj.ry, c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela Seplovic. Yazan Bouc.i j.an Pablo de Rivero Vac.ari j.nnifer c.Munoz Parej. Andrew Reisner Laura Blac.well Yehia Mec.ref Kevin K.Wang j.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurologic.l Surgery and the Miami Proj.c. to c.re Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric.c.itic.l c.re Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatric. Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of c.emistry and Bioc.emistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse Sc.ool of Medic.ne AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic.brain inj.ry, c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinc. neurologic.l disorders that share c.mmon pathophysiologic.l mec.anisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation inc.udes the pathologic.hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous mic.otubule-assoc.ated protein that protec.s the integrity of neuronal c.toskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent ac.umulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic.aggregates. These misfolded proteins are c.arac.eristic.of traumatic.brain inj.ry, c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and c.n lead to downstream neuroinflammatory proc.sses, inc.uding assembly and ac.ivation of the inflammasome c.mplex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric.protein units that, upon ac.ivation, release a c.sc.de of signaling molec.les resulting in c.spase-induc.d c.ll death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β c.tokine. One spec.fic.inflammasome, the NOD-like rec.ptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like rec.ptor protein 3 ac.ivation ac.s as a c.usal fac.or in pathologic.l tau ac.umulation and spreading. This review begins by desc.ibing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic.brain inj.ry, c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and disc.ss the role of the NOD-like rec.ptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how suc. tauopathic.entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic.brain inj.ry, c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal c.ntinuum. Finally, we disc.ss potential therapeutic.targets that may interc.pt this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurologic.l dec.ine.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease c.spase-1 c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic.brain inj.ry

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