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A concept to support the transformation from a linear to circular carbon economy:net zero emissions,resource efficiency and conservation through a coupling of the energy,chemical and waste management sectors

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Clean Energy 2017年第1期1卷 102-113页

作者： Roh Pin Lee Florian Keller bernd meyer Institute of Energy Process Engineering and Chemical Engineering TU Bergakademie FreibergFuchsmuehlenweg 909599 FreibergGermany

Coal and carbon-containing waste are valuable primary and secondary carbon *** the current dominant linear economy,such carbon resources are generally combusted to produce electricity and heat and as a way to resolve a nation’s waste *** only is this a wastage of precious carbon resources,which can be chemically utilized as raw materials for production of other value-added goods,it is also contrary to international efforts to reduce carbon emissions and increase resource efficiency and *** article presents a concept to support the transformation from a linear‘one-way cradle to grave manufacturing model’toward a circular carbon *** development of new and sustainable value chains through the utilization of coal and waste as alternative raw materials for the chemical industry via a coupling of the energy,chemical and waste management sectors offers a viable and future-oriented perspective for closing the carbon *** benefits also include a lowering of the carbon footprint and increasing resource efficiency and conservation of primary carbon *** addition,technological innovations and developments that are necessary to support a successful sector coupling will be *** illustrate our concept,a case analysis of domestic coal and waste as alternative feedstock to imported crude oil for chemical production in Germany will be *** but not least,challenges posed by path dependency along technological,institutional and human dimensions in the sociotechnical system for a successful transition toward a circular carbon economy will be discussed.

关键词： circular carbon economy closed carbon cycle carbon-containing waste waste net zero emission chemical industry path dependency

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Sustainable waste management for zero waste cities in China:potential,challenges and opportunities

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Clean Energy 2020年第3期4卷 169-201页

作者： Roh Pin Lee bernd meyer Qiuliang Huang Raoul Voss Institute for Energy Process Engineering and Chemical Engineering TU Bergakademie FreibergGermany Fraunhofer IMWS Branch Lab‘Circular Carbon Technologies’ FreibergGermany Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuanChina

Waste is a valuable secondary carbon *** the linear economy,it is predominantly landfilled or *** disposal routes not only lead to diverse climate,environmental and societal problems;they also represent a loss of carbon *** a circular carbon economy,waste is used as a secondary carbon feedstock to replace fossil resources for *** contributes to environmental protection and resource *** furthermore increases a nation’s independence from imported fossil energy *** is at the start of its transition from a linear to circular carbon *** can thus draw on waste management experiences of other economies and assess the opportunities for transference to support its development of‘zero waste cities’.This paper has three main *** is an assessment of drivers for China’s zero waste cities initiative and the approaches that have been implemented to combat its growing waste *** is a sharing of Germany’s experience-a forerunner in the implementation of the waste hierarchy(reduce-reuse-recycle-recover-landfill)with extensive experience in circular carbon technologies-in sustainable waste *** is an identification of transference opportunities for China’s zero waste *** transference opportunities identified range from measures to promote waste prevention,waste separation and waste reduction,generating additional value via mechanical recycling,implementing chemical recycling as a recycling option before energy recovery to extending energy recovery opportunities.

关键词： circular carbon economy waste-to-energy zero waste cities sustainable waste management recycling

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垃圾气化分析及其对中国实现碳中和与无废城市建设的贡献

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燃料化学学报 2021年第8期49卷 1057-1076页

作者： LEE Roh Pin SEIDL Ludwig Georg HUANG Qiu-liang meyer bernd Institute for Energy Process Engineering and Chemical Engineering TU Bergakademie FreibergGermany Fraunhofer IMWS Branch Lab“Circular Carbon Technologies” FreibergGermany State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuanChina

气化是实现化学利用碳资源(尤其是煤)生产化学品和燃料的关键工艺。目前,全球拥有超过272套气化装置,主要应用于煤化工,尤其在中国。由于在一个化工厂通过技术集成达到工业规模的集中生产可实现减少二氧化碳排放并促进碳密集型行业的循... 详细信息

气化是实现化学利用碳资源(尤其是煤)生产化学品和燃料的关键工艺。目前,全球拥有超过272套气化装置,主要应用于煤化工,尤其在中国。由于在一个化工厂通过技术集成达到工业规模的集中生产可实现减少二氧化碳排放并促进碳密集型行业的循环经济,如废物管理、化学和交通行业,因此,近年来全球对垃圾气化的兴趣日益浓厚,尤其是那些在煤气化技术方面积累了丰富的人力资本和运营经验以及拥有完整Coal-to-X产品价值链的国家,如中国,在挖掘通过垃圾气化实现Waste-to-X的潜力方面处于独特的地位。具体而言,废弃物可用于补充煤气化生产如下产品:(1)具有较低或零碳足迹的化学品,具体取决于废物是来源于化石资源还是生物资源。(2)来自生物废弃物的零碳足迹的绿色“氢”,以补充或替代来自煤气化或蒸汽重整得到的“灰色”氢,以供给氢能汽车,并推动工业脱碳。(3)来自生物废弃物的CO_(2)中性合成液体燃料,用于交通工具,以补充或替代石油燃料和合成煤制液体燃料。然而,迄今为止,利用垃圾作为气化原料的操作经验有限,并且文献中也很少涉及以前和当前的工业垃圾气化经验。为了填补这些空白,本研究介绍了1980年代至2000年代德国的两项开创性技术发展—贝伦拉特(Berrenrath)和SVZ黑水泵(即Sekundärrohstoff-Verwertungszentrum:黑水泵二次原料回收中心),并分享了以下三种垃圾与煤共气化技术(即Waste&Coal-to-X)的相关认识和经验教训:固定床气化:鲁奇干法排渣技术以及BGL熔渣气化技术。流化床气化:高温温克勒(HTW-High Temperature Winkler)气化工艺。气流床气化:GSP(Gaskombinat Schwarze Pumpe),即西门子气化工艺。此外,本研究也总结了目前全球100%垃圾气化技术的发展,即Waste-to-X。在气化技术的三种类型中,研发领域和工业界均对流化床与气流床(作为后期气化)技术的结合产生了浓厚的兴趣,这里介绍三个相关技术的重大发展—Ebara-Ube、Enerkem和ThermoChem Recovery International的技术。除此之外,固定床气化工艺的发展也得到了关注,本文介绍了两个相关技术的重大发展—InEnTec(将固定床与等离子气化相结合)和Sierra Energy(改造传统高炉转炉进行垃圾气化)的技术。借鉴以往和当前的国际发展经验,凭借其庞大的气化规模和丰富的专业知识,逐步将垃圾作为原料融入到煤气化中可以作为中国迈向循环经济和无废城市的第一步。将垃圾与煤共气化技术作为通向垃圾气化的桥梁,不仅可以使中国利用现有的人力资本和基础设施,还可以创造新的就业和商业机会,并支持中国实现可持续的垃圾管理策略,即在进行焚烧和填埋之前先进行减量、再利用和再循环。然而,将煤气化技术直接用于垃圾气化具有挑战性并且充满了较大的风险。本研究分享了贝伦拉特和SVZ黑水泵在垃圾与煤共气化方面遇到的各种运行问题以及从中得到的最新认识。然后介绍了这些积累的经验及认识是如何被考虑并应用到德国弗莱贝格工业大学的能源化工所开发的Flexi技术当中,包括:基于BGL熔渣气化技术开发FlexiSlag固定床气化技术。基于GSP气化技术开发FlexiEntrained气流床气化技术。基于HTW气化技术开发FlexiCOORVED气化技术。目前,Flexi技术在德国弗莱贝格开展中试规模运行,其目标是实现:(1)多元原料气化(例如生物质、煤、石油焦、不同类型的废物);(2)100%垃圾气化;(3)灵活的目标产品(即调整配置得到最大化的合成气产出,其中可含有最大化或最小化的甲烷、焦油和油的含量)以支持全球向碳中和和无废城市转型。鉴于全球(包括中国)实现无废城市和碳中和的目标,垃圾气化技术的长远发展不仅要向100%垃圾气化发展,还必须满足以下可持续性标准才能做出实质性的贡献:(1)多元进料,能够灵活利用多种类型的(废物)原料。(2)碳回收率最大化,以确保垃圾中的碳转移到产品中,而不是在整个过程链中以CO_(2)的形式排放到环境中。(3)通过生产玻璃渣、从渣中回收金属和零废水排放,将环境影响降至最低。本研究最后根据上述三个可持续性标准对三种气化类型进行了定性的整体评价,阐述了它们在垃圾气化应用中的优势和劣势。

关键词：煤气化垃圾气化碳中和无废城市中国

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Ephrin-B reverse signaling induces expression of wound healing associated genes in IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第29期11卷 4511-4518页

作者： Christian Hafner Stefanie meyer Ilja Hagen bernd Becker Alexander Roesch Michael Landthaler Thomas Vogt Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Regensburg Regensburg D-93042 Germany

AIM： Eph receptors and ephrin ligands play a pivotal role in development and tissue maintenance. Since previous data have indicated an involvement of ephrin-B2 in epithelial healing, we investigated the gene expression and downstream signaling pathways induced by ephrin-B mediated cell-cell signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. METHODS： Upon stimulation of ephrin-B pathways in IEC-6 cells with recombinant rat EphB1-Fc, gene expression was analyzed by Affymetrix rat genome 230 high density arrays at different time points. Differentially expressed genes were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. In addition, MAP kinase pathways and focal adhesion kinase （FAK） activation downstream of ephrin-B were investigated by immunoblotting and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS： Stimulation of the ephrin-B reverse signaling pathway in IEC-6 cells induces predominant expression of genes known to be involved into wound healing/cell migration, antiapoptotic pathways, host defense and inflammation. Cox-2, c-Fos, Egr-1, Egr-2, and MCP-1 were found among the most significantly regulated genes. Furthermore, we show that the expression of repair- related genes is also accompanied by activation of the ERKI/2 MAP kinase pathway and FAK, two key regulators of epithelial restitution. CONCLUSION： Stimulation of the ephrin-B reverse signaling pathway induces a phenotype characterized by upregulation of repair-related genes, which may partially be mediated by ERK1/2 pathways.

关键词： Ephrin-B IEC-6 Wound healing Gene expression c-Fos Egr-1/2 COX-2

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Three Problems on Trigonometric Sums

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2019年第6期35卷 721-727页

作者： Yves meyer CMLA ENS Paris-Saclay

Let Λ ? R^n be a uniformly discrete set and let C_Λ be the vector space consisting of all mean periodic functions whose spectrum is simple and contained in Λ. If Λ is a gentle set then for every f ∈ C_Λ we have f(x) = O(ω_Λ(x)) as |x| →∞ and ω_Λ(x) can be estimated(Theorem 4.1). This line of research was proposed by Jean-Pierre Kahane in 1957.

关键词： Mean periodic functions almost periodic functions trigonometric sums

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Ephrin-B2 is differentially expressed in the intestinal epithelium in Crohn's disease and contributes to accelerated epithelial wound healing in vitro

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第26期11卷 4024-4031页

作者： Christian Hafner Stefanie meyer Thomas Langmann Gerd Schmitz Frauke Bataille Ilja Hagen bernd Becker Alexander Roesch Gerhard Rogler Michael Landthaler Thomas Vogt Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Regensburg D-93042 Regensburg Germany Department of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital of Regensburg D-93042 Regensburg Germany Institute of Pathology University Hospital of Regensburg D-93042 Regensburg Germany Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital of Regensburg D-93042 Regensburg Germany

AIM:Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their membrane bound receptor-like ligands, the ephrins, represent a bi-directional cell-cell contact signaling system that directs epithelial movements in development. The meaning of this system in the adult human gut is unknown. We investigated the Eph/ephrin mRNA expression in the intestinal epithelium of healthy controls and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: mRNA expression profiles of all Eph/ephrin family members in normal small intestine and colon were established by real-time RT-PCR. In addition, differential expression in IBD was investigated by cDNA array technology, and validated by both real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Potential effects of enhanced EphB/ephrin-B signaling were analyzed in an in vitro IEC-6 cell scratch wound model. RESULTS: Human adult intestinal mucosa exhibits a complex pattern of Eph receptors and ephrins. Beside the known prominent co-expression of EphA2 and ephrinAl, we found abundantly co-expressed EphB2 and ephrin-B1/2. Interestingly, cDNA array data, validated by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, showed upregulation of ephrin-B2 in both perilesional and lesional intestinal epithelial cells of IBD patients, suggesting a role in epithelial homeostasis. Stimulation of ephrin-B signaling in ephrin- B1/2 expressing rat IEC-6-cells with recombinant EphB1-Fc resulted in a significant dose-dependent acceleration of wound closure. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy showed that EphB1-Fc induced coordinated migration of wound edge cells is associated with enhanced formation of lamellipodial protrusions into the wound, increased actin stress fiber assembly and production of laminin at the wound edge. CONCLUSION: EphB/ephrin-B signaling might represent a novel protective mechanism that promotes intestinal epithelial wound healing, with potential impact on epithelial restitution in IBD.

关键词： Ephrin-B2 Crohn's disease IBD IEC-6 Wound healing Epithelial restitution

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KNOWLEDGE PROCESS ANALYSIS:FRAMEWORK AND EXPERIENCE

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2008年第1期17卷 86-108页

作者： Kozo SUGIYAMA Bertolt meyer School of Knowledge Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyIshikawaJapan Institute of Psychology University of ZurichSwitzerland

We present a step-by-step approach for constructing a framework for knowledge process analysis （KPA）. We intend to apply this framework to the analysis of own research projects in an exploratory way and elaborate it through the accumulation of case studies. This study is based on a methodology consisting of knowledge process modeling, primitives synthesis, and reflective verification. We describe details of the methodology and present the results of case studies： a novel methodology, a practical work guide, and a tool for KPA; insights for improving future research projects and education; and the integration of existing knowledge creation theories.

关键词： Knowledge process analysis knowledge process modeling primitives synthesis reflective verification

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First ovules integument: what roles?

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National Science Review 2022年第4期9卷 21-22页

作者： Brigitte meyer-Berthaud AMAP Universit ?e de MontpellierCNRSCIRADINRAEIRD

The Famennian is a period of increased taxonomic diversity for the first representatives of the major plant groups,especially the spermatophytes (*** seed plants) that,today,represent the most abundant and diversified plant group on Earth [1,2].Early spermatophytes evolved a unique ovule-centered reproductive syndrome that allowed them to germinate and grow rapidly in disturbed habitats and,secondarily,to colonize dry habitats unfavorable to the reproduction of their free-sporing predecessors [3,4](Fig.1).In these ovulate organisms,the female gametophyte grows and produces gametes inside the indehiscent megasporangium (nucellus) that differentiates a pollen chamber retaining the pollen grains in its apical *** integument encloses the *** the Runcaria protovule that preceded them by 20 million years,Famennian ovules were all surrounded by a cupule,except perhaps Spermolithus and Warsteinia [5-7].

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Trigonometric multiplicative chaos and applications to random distributions

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Science China Mathematics 2023年第1期66卷 3-36页

作者： Aihua Fan Yves meyer School of Mathematics and Statistics Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China LAMFA CNRSUMR7352University of PicardieAmiens 80039France CMLA ENS-CachanCNRSUniversityof Paris-SaclayParis 91190France

The random trigonometric series∑∞n=1ρn cos(nt+ωn)on the circle T are studied under the conditions∑|ρn|^(2)=∞andρn→0,where{ωn}are independent and uniformly distributed random variables on *** are almost surely not Fourier-Stieltjes series but determine *** leads us to develop the theory of trigonometric multiplicative chaos,which produces a class of random *** kernel and the image of chaotic operators are fully studied and the dimensions of chaotic measures are exactly *** behavior of the partial sums of the above series is proved to be *** theory holds on the torus Tdof dimension d≥1.

关键词： multiplicative chaos random Fourier series Hausdorff dimension Riesz potential

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Pathology-induced NG2 proteoglycan expression in microglia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第4期18卷 801-802页

作者： Erika meyer Anja Scheller Molecular Physiology Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular MedicineUniversity of SaarlandHomburgGermany(Meyer EScheller A)Laboratory of Brain Ischemia and NeuroprotectionDepartment of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsState University of MaringáMaringáBrazil

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)and microglia are two very fascinating cell types with a multitude of important but different *** a first glance,they appear not to share many cellular properties,nor are directly related to one another or derived from a common *** all differences,emerging data show that both cell types express the protein nerve/glial antigen 2(NG2)after pathological insults(Figure 1).For years,it remained controversial whether microglia really could express NG2 upon injury,with contradictory results reported among different disease *** this question,we could recently show by using triple transgenic knock-in mice and either an acute injury model(stab wound injury)or the middle cerebral artery occlusion combined with immunohistochemistry that a subset of microglia activates the cspg4 gene in a disease dependent manner leading to a bonafide microglia-specific NG2 protein expression besides OPCs and *** data show that the cspg4 gene not only gets transcribed in microglia based on reporter expression after recombination,but also the protein itself is expressed(Huang et al.,2020).

关键词： NG2 wound Figure

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