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Traffic Engineering and Quality of Service in Hybrid Software Defined Networks

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China Communications 2024年第2期21卷 96-121页

作者： samiullah Mehraban Rajesh Kumar Yadav IOT Lab Department of Computer Science&EngineeringDelhi Technological UniversityDelhi 110042India

For Future networks, many research projects have proposed different architectures around the globe;Software Defined Network(SDN) architectures, through separating Data and Control Layers, offer a crucial structure for it. With a worldwide view and centralized Control, the SDN network provides flexible and reliable network management that improves network throughput and increases link utilization. In addition, it supports an innovative flow scheduling system to help advance Traffic Engineering(TE). For Medium and large-scale networks migrating directly from a legacy network to an SDN Network seems more complicated & even impossible, as there are High potential challenges, including technical, financial, security, shortage of standards, and quality of service degradation challenges. These challenges cause the birth and pave the ground for Hybrid SDN networks, where SDN devices coexist with traditional network devices. This study explores a Hybrid SDN network’s Traffic Engineering and Quality of Services Issues. Quality of service is described by network characteristics such as latency, jitter, loss, bandwidth,and network link utilization, using industry standards and mechanisms in a Hybrid SDN Network. We have organized the related studies in a way that the Quality of Service may gain the most benefit from the concept of Hybrid SDN networks using different algorithms and mechanisms: Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL), Heuristic algorithm, K path partition algorithm, Genetic algorithm, SOTE algorithm, ROAR method, and Routing Optimization with different optimization mechanisms that help to ensure high-quality performance in a Hybrid SDN Network.

关键词： DRL hSDN QoE QoS SDN TE

Understanding the effects of intramuscular injection and feed withdrawal on Salmonella Typhimurium shedding and gut microbiota in pullets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第1期13卷 123-137页

作者： Nitish Narendra Joat samiullah Khan Kapil Chousalkar School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of AdelaideRoseworthySouth Australia 5371Australia

Background:Gut microbiota plays a key role in health,immunity,digestion,and production in *** such as environment,diet,diseases,stress,and flock management significantly affect gut microbiota;however,it is not known how potential stressors such as intramuscular injections or feed withdrawal alter the composition of gut microbiota that result in increased the shedding level of foodborne *** the current study,the effects of intramuscular corticosterone injection and feed withdrawal were evaluated to understand their role in Salmonella Typhimurium shedding and changes in the composition of gut microbiota in ***:Salmonella shedding was observed for 8 weeks *** was a significant increase in Salmonella Typhimurium count after intramuscular injection and feed *** Salmonella infected and the negative control groups showed significant differences in the abundance of different genera in gut microbiota at week 1 and up to week 7 post *** infected group showed a significant reduction in alpha diversity of gut *** reduced significantly(P<0.05)after intramuscular injection,while the feed withdrawal groups did not cause any significant changes in Proteobacteria-Firmicutes ***,intramuscular injection resulted in a significant change in alpha diversity of gut ***:Exposure of chicks to relatively low dose of Salmonella Typhimurium can lead to persistent shedding in *** Salmonella Typhimurium infection disrupted the gut microbiota composition immediately after *** potential stress of intramuscular injection and feed withdrawal significantly increased the Salmonella Typhimurium count in *** intramuscular injection also resulted in a significant alteration of the Proteobacteria-Firmicutes ratio,which could increase the risk of dysbiosis.

关键词： Corticosterone injection Feed withdrawal stress Gut microbiota composition Layer chicken Salmonella Typhimurium infection

Hyperchaos and MD5 Based Efficient Color Image Cipher

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 1645-1670页

作者： Muhammad samiullah Waqar Aslam Saima Sadiq Arif Mehmood Gyu Sang Choi Department of Computer Science&IT The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan Department of Computer Science Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

While designing and developing encryption algorithms for text and images,the main focus has remained on *** has led to insufficient attention on the improvement of encryption efficiency,enhancement of hyperchaotic sequence randomness,and dynamic DNA-based *** this regard,a new symmetric block cipher scheme has been *** uses dynamic DNA-based S-box connected with MD5 and a hyperchaotic system to produce confusion and diffusion for encrypting color *** proposed scheme supports various size color *** generates three DNA based Sboxes for substitution namely DNA_1_s-box,DNA_2_s-box and DNA_3_sbox,each of size 16×***,the 4D hyperchaotic system followed by MD5 is employed in a novel way to enhance *** three DNAbased S-boxes are generated from real DNA sequences taken from National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)databases and are dependent on the mean intensity value of an input image,thus effectively introducing content-based ***,Conservative Site-Specific Recombination(CSSR)is applied on the output DNA received from DNA based *** experimental results indicate that the proposed encryption scheme is more secure,robust,and computationally efficient than some of the recently published similar *** computational efficient,our proposed scheme is feasible on many emergent resource-constrained platforms.

关键词： Block cipher substitution permutation diffusion confusion

Chaos-Based Cryptographic Mechanism for Smart Healthcare IoT Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 753-769页

作者： Muhammad samiullah Waqar Aslam Arif Mehmood Muhammad Saeed Ahmad Shafiq Ahmad Adel M.Al-Shayea Muhammad Shafiq Department of Computer Science&IT The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan Department of Computer Science&IT Government Sadiq College Women UniversityBahawalpurPakistan Industrial Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh11421Saudi Arabia Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

Smart and interconnected devices can generate meaningful patient data and exchange it automatically without any human intervention in order to realize the Internet of Things(IoT)in healthcare(HIoT).Due to more and more online security and data hijacking attacks,the confidentiality,integrity and availability of data are considered serious issues in HIoT *** this regard,lightweight block ciphers(LBCs)are promising in resourceconstrained environment where security is the primary *** prevalent challenge while designing an LBC for the HIoT environment is how to ascertain platform performance,cost,and *** of the existing LBCs primarily focus on text data or grayscale *** main focus of this paper is about securing color images in a cost-effective *** emphasis high confidentiality of color images captured by cameras in resource-constrained smartphones,and high confidentiality of sensitive images transmitted by low-power sensors in IoT *** order to reduce computational complexity and simulation time,the proposed Lightweight Symmetric Block Cipher(LSBC)exploits chaos-based confusion-diffusion operations at the inter-block level using a single *** strength of LSBC is assessed by cryptanalysis,while it is ranked by comparing it to other privacy-preserving *** results show that the proposed cipher produces promising results in terms of key sensitivity and differential attacks,which proves that our LSBC is a good candidate for image security in HIoT.

关键词： IoT healthcare lightweight block cipher symmetric block cipher

Treatment of chronic hepatitis delta virus with peg-interferon and factors that predict sustained viral response

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第40期18卷 5793-5798页

作者： Shaikh samiullah Devrajani Bikharam Nasreen Department of Medicine Liaquat University of Medical and Health SciencesJamshoro/Hyderabad 71000Pakistan

AIM:To observe the efficacy of peg-interferon in the treatment of hepatitis delta virus(HDV) and to identify the factors that would be predictive of the sustained viral response(SVR).METHODS:This prospective study was conducted in Medical Unit Ⅳ of the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital Jamshoro from June 2008 to September *** study cohort included all patients of either sex who presented during this time with hepatitis B surface antigen positivity,hepatitis B virus DNA > 20 000 IU/mL,serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(SGPT) > 2(upper limit of normal),HDV-RNA positivity with fibrosis stage ≥ *** consent was obtained from each of these *** were diagnosed with hepatitis D on the basis of detectable viral antibodies and the presence of HDV-RNA in their serum.A liver biopsy was performed in all cases and fibrosis staging was performed in accordance with the METAVIR scoring *** eligible patients were administered peg-interferon at a weekly dosage of 1.5 g/kg body weight for 48 ***-RNA was assayed at the end of this treatment period and again at 24 wk later.A biochemical response was determined by a normalization of SGPT at the end of the treatment or during follow *** end of treatment response was defined by a HDV-RNA negative status.A sustained virological response was defined by undetectable serum HDV-RNA at six months after the end of ***:Among the 277 patients enrolled in our present study,238 completed a course of peg-interferon therapy of which 180(75.6%) were male and 58(24.4%) *** responses were achieved in 122/238(51.3%) *** of treatment responses were achieved in 71/238(29.8%) cases.A SVR was achieved in 70 of these patients(29.4%).A strong association was found between the SVR and the end of treatment responses(P = 0.001),biochemical responses(P = 0.001) and the degree of fibrosis(P = 0.002).CONCLUSION:Peg-interferon therapy can induce remission in nearly

关键词：肝炎病毒干扰素治疗应答预测生化反应谷丙转氨酶慢性

Salmonella Typhimurium infection disrupts but continuous feeding of Bacillus based probiotic restores gut microbiota in infected hens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第3期11卷 789-804页

作者： samiullah Khan Kapil K.Chousalkar School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of AdelaideRoseworthySouth Australia 5371Australia

Background:The gut microbiota plays an important role in the colonisation resistance and invasion of *** Typhimurium has the potential to establish a niche by displacing the microbiota in the chicken gut causing continuous faecal shedding that can result in contaminated eggs or egg *** the current study,we investigated the dynamics of gut microbiota in laying chickens during Salmonella Typhimurium *** optimisation of the use of an infeed probiotic supplement for restoration of gut microbial balance and reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium load was also ***:Salmonella infection caused dysbiosis by decreasing(FDR0.05)by Salmonella challenge and the butyrate level was increased by the continuous feeding of the *** supplementation in Salmonella challenged chickens resulted in higher level of *** probiotic supplementation decreased(P<0

关键词： 16S rRNA sequencing Chicken gut microbiota Gut metabolites Salmonella Typhimurium Strategic feeding of probiotic

New Discovery of Hipparion theobaldi Skull from the Late Miocene of Padhri,District Jhelum,Punjab,Pakistan and Associated Mammalian Fossil Assemblage

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第4期96卷 1150-1165页

作者： Khizar samiullah Omer DRAZ Riffat YASIN Bilal RASOOL Hafiz MUHAMMAD ISHAQ Muhammad HARIS AZIZ Rana MEHROZ FAZAL Shakila NAZ Tehreem RAZA Romesa NIAZI Department of Zoology Ghazi UniversityDera Ghazi Khan 32200Pakistan Department of Zoology Government College UniversityFaisalabad 3800Pakistan Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Faculty of Veterinary and Animal SciencesMNSUAMultan 06005Pakistan Dragon Animal Care Center Doha 00000Qatar

A fossil-bearing locality near Padhri village,Dhok Pathan,55 km away from the tehsil Dina,Jhelum District,in the Potwar Plateau,Middle Siwaliks,Punjab,northern Pakistan,is significantly rich in mammalian *** site has provided an abundant mammalian fossil fauna of Late Miocene age from the Dhok Pathan Formation(Fm.).The recovered material belongs to four families:Equidae(horses),Rhinocerotidae(rhinos),Bovidae(cows),and Suidae(pigs).We discovered a new skull of hipparionine Hipparion theobaldi from this locality along with 22 specimens from the associated assemblage of fossil *** recovered material includes seven other species:the aceratheriine Chilotherium intermedium,boselaphines Tragoportax punjabicus,Selenoportax vexillarius,Pachyportax latidens,the antelope Gazella lydekkeri and suinine Propotamochoerus *** specimens are isolated teeth,fragments of maxilla,mandibles and horn *** Dhok Pathan *** generally composed of claystone,siltstone and sandstone beds and,based on the mammalian fauna,the Padhri fossil locality is dated as Late ***99 s formation was deposited in a subtropical paleoenvironment and the predominance of fossil bovids indicates extremely moist conditions with small but frequent standing water bodies.

关键词： vertebrate paleontology mammals fossil horses Dhok Pathan Formation Siwaliks Punjab

Paleogene mammalian fauna exchanges and the paleogeographic pattern in Asia

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第2期63卷 202-211页

作者： Xijun NI Qiang LI Chi ZHANG Khizar samiullah Limin ZHANG Yangheshan YANG Wenxin CAO Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100104China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad 38000Pakistan

Mammals are the most important elements in Cenozoic terrestrial ecosystem. The composition and the character of a mammalian fauna are controlled by evolution time and evolutionary rate. Here we took 50 Asian Paleogene mammalian faunas as representatives and applied Bayesian Tip-dating method to infer the relationships and divergence times among these *** on the results of Bayesian Tip-dating analyses, we discussed the correlation between the paleogeographic changes and the mammalian fauna turn-overs. Compared with the traditional fauna correlation and sorting, Bayesian Tip-dating analyses revealed more detailed similarities reflected via the divergence times among the 50 faunas. We discovered that the early Eocene mammalian fauna, which firstly appeared in India subcontinent, is similar to the faunas of the same age in other parts of Asia. It is likely that a passage for the mammalian dispersal was formed before early Eocene. Bayesian inferring suggests that the first appearance of the dispersal passage is during 64.8–61.3 Ma. This time window is close to the time estimation for the initial time of India-Asia collision. During 57.1–47.2 Ma, India subcontinent probably had a habitat different from the main part of Asia, as it was reflected from the composition of the mammalian faunas. It is probably correlated with the uplifted Gangdese Mountain and shallow seas and lowlands on both sides of the collision region. The very remote divergence time(64.8 Ma) estimated by Bayesian inferring reflects the mammalian fauna turnover during the Eocene-Oligocene transition, obviously affected by the global cooling. Till the end of Oligocene, the Arabic Peninsula and Asian mainland remained separated and the mammalian faunas did not show clear connection.

关键词： Paleogene Mammalian fauna Tibetan Plateau India subcontinent

Epidemiology,determinants,and management of AIDS cholangiopathy:A review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第7期24卷 767-774页

作者： Maliha Naseer Francis E Dailey Alhareth Al Juboori Sami samiullah Veysel Tahan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine University of Missouri

Diseases of the liver and biliary tree have been described with significant frequency among patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), and its advanced state, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS). Through a variety of mechanisms, HIV/AIDS has been shown to affect the hepatic parenchyma and biliary tree, leading to liver inflammation and biliary strictures. One of the potential hepatobiliary complications of this viral infection is AIDS cholangiopathy, a syndrome of biliary obstruction and liver damage due to infection-related strictures of the biliary tract. AIDS cholangiopathy is highly associated with opportunistic infections and advanced immunosuppression in AIDS patients, and due to the increased availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy, is now primarily seen in instances of poor access to antiretroviral therapy and medication non-compliance. While current published literature describes well the clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic management of AIDS-related cholangiopathy, information on its epidemiology, natural history, and pathology are not as well defined. The objective of this review is to summarize the available literature on AIDS cholangiopathy, emphasizing its epidemiology, course of disease, and determinants, while also revealing an updated approach for its evaluation and management.

关键词： prognosis human immunodeficiency virus complications Epidemiology human immunodeficiency virus cholangiopathy acquired immunodeficiency syndrome mortality