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Effects of drug-polymer dispersions on solubility and in vitro diffusion of artemisinin across a polydimethylsiloxane membrane

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第14期57卷 1685-1692页

作者： SHAHZAD Yasser SHAH Syed Nisar Hussain ANSARI Muhammad Tayyab RIAZ Romana SAFDAR Aasma HUSSAIN Talib malik madeeha Faculty of Pharmacy Bahauddin Zakariya University Division of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Applied SciencesUniversity of Huddersfield Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hamdard University

Artemisinin(ART) is a sesquiterpene lactone with an endo-peroxide bridge that is thought to be responsible for its antimalarial *** has low oral bioavailability because of aqueous insolubility,which leads to local toxicity at the site of *** present work focused on increasing its solubility and evaluating its permeation across a model membrane to mimic transdermal delivery that bypasses the hepatic *** this purpose,physical mixtures(PM),solid dispersions(SD) and lyophilized dispersions(LD) with different drug-polymer ratios(1:0.5,1:1,1:2,1:4 and 1:9) were prepared using the hydrophilic polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP).Drug-polymer dispersions were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).Solubility was measured in three solvents:de-ionized water,phosphate buffered saline(PBS) and *** toluene-water partition coefficient was evaluated and compared with the literature and calculated logP *** vitro diffusion of ART was studied across a polydimethylsiloxane membrane from a saturated solution of drug-polymer *** patterns showed a gradual decrease in crystallinity of ART with increasing polymer concentration,while FTIR confirmed no interactions between ART and *** was increased up to 4-,5-and 8-fold for LD in water,PBS and methanol,*** logP for toluene-water was 2.65 ± 0.3,which is in good agreement with literature and calculated logP *** was enhanced,which is attributed to the decrease in crystallinity and increase in wettability of the *** ART flux was significantly higher than that of pure ART(0.12 ± 0.01) with increasing PVP concentration for SD and LD *** conclusion,drug-polymer dispersions with PVP improve the pharmaceutical properties of ART in the order LD>SD>PM.

关键词：聚合物分散体溶解度测定聚硅氧烷外扩散青蒿素药物傅里叶变换红外光谱水性高分子

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A Literature Review: Pharmaceutical Care an Evolving Role at Community Pharmacies in Pakistan

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2013年第5期4卷 425-430页

作者： Azhar Hussain madeeha malik Hale Zerrin Toklu Department of Pharmacology Marmara University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Istanbul Turkey. Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hamdard University Islamabad Pakistan Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hamdard University Islamabad Pakistan

The aim of this paper is to highlight the role of pharmaceutical care at community pharmacies in Pakistan. The paper draws on the literature related to current dispensing practices at community pharmacies in developing countries as well as in Pakistan. There are approximately 63,000 community pharmacies in Pakistan, and according to an estimate, 80% of the medicines are being distributed through this channel to majority of the population. They often lack adequate facilities, staffing and equipments. Absence of pharmacists and their roles being performed by the non-qualified personnel working at community pharmacies are a common practice. There are 8102 pharmacists who are categorized as a category, 31,000 pharmacy technicians categorized in B & C category in the country. There is a shortage of pharmacists who could be engaged for ensuring good pharmacy practices. There are only ten percent of the total pharmacists who work at community pharmacies in the country according to the Pharmacy Council of Pakistan. All kind of medicines are freely available irrespective of their status as prescription or over the counter drugs. The paper highlights that the professional role of pharmacist in hospitals and community pharmacies is switching from dispensing and sale of drugs, to patient counselling. But, the concept of pharmaceutical care at community pharmacies has not been acknowledged yet in Pakistan. The process of prescription handling is poor and patients are often treated without a proper prescription. Prescription validation, drug labeling and patient counseling are the missing components in effective patient management at the community pharmacies. The paper concludes that although laws exist, but due to lack of accountability and weak regulatory framework their proper implementation is not witnessed. Moreover, due to lack of research and evidence related to problems in dispensing practices in healthcare system of Pakistan, the counteractive actions for resolving these

关键词： Community Pharmacies Dispensing Practices Dispensers Pharmaceutical Care Pakistan

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Impact of Training of Dispensers on Case Management of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections at Community Pharmacies in Pakistan

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2012年第4期3卷 485-491页

作者： Azhar Hussain Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim madeeha malik Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hamdard University F-8 Markaz Johar Road Islamabad Pakistan School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang Malaysia

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of training of dispensers on the process of case management of ARI at community pharmacies in context to history taking and provision of advice working at community pharmacies in Islamabad, Pakistan. Method: A randomized, controlled, blinded intervention study was designed and implemented. Before the implementation of intervention, a baseline study was performed to assess the process of case management for ARI at community pharmacies. The study population included all community pharmacy outlets in Islamabad. After data collection, data was analyzed. The result of the study revealed that the overall process of disease management of ARI at community pharmacies in Pakistan is not satisfactory. Pharmacies of Islamabad which were visited in pre intervention phase (118) were divided into two geographical regions A (intervention) and B (control). From which thirty pharmacies were selected randomly from each region. The targeted group of the interventions was drug sellers. Keeping in view the results of the base line study an educational intervention was designed to improve the case management of ARI at community pharmacies in Pakistan. Results: No significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) was seen in the process of history taking and advice provision in case of ARI management at community pharmacies between pre and post control groups. On the other hand significant difference in the process of history taking and provision of advice for ARI was observed in the intervention group before and after training. Conclusion: The study has highlighted that improvements in the current dispensing practices at community pharmacies are possible through appropriate educational interventions. The dispensers have the potential to provide fast and low cost healthcare to the masses in the country where the presence of doctors and qualified pharmacist is low;to date they are an untapped and underutilized source in the country.

关键词： Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) Community Pharmacies Dispensers Pakistan Training

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Recent advances on vaccines against malaria: A review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第4期17卷 143-159页

作者： Shiza malik Yasir Waheed Bridging Health Foundation Rawalpindi 46000Pakistan Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine Lebanese American UniversityByblos 1401Lebanon MEU Research Unit Middle East UniversityAmman11831Jordan

This review aims to summarize the currently viable vaccine strategies including the approved vaccines and the those in trials for next-generation malaria *** on malaria vaccine development was collected through a comprehensive *** literature search was performed using databases including Google Scholar,PubMed,NIH,and Web of *** novel approaches of vaccination are being developed,including those based on radiation-attenuated strategies,monoclonal antibodies,targeted immunogenic peptides,RNA and DNA vaccines,nanoparticle-based vaccines,protein-based vaccination protocols,and whole organism-based vaccination *** on RTS,S have entered phase Ⅲtesting,and those based on blood-stage vaccines and vaccines to interrupt malarial transmission have advanced to higher stages of *** modeling,combined drug and vaccine strategies,mass drug administration,polyvalent vaccine formulations,and targeted vaccination campaigns is playing an important role in malarial ***,assessing coverage,accessibility,acceptability,deployment,compilation,and adherence to specific vaccination strategies in endemic regions is essential for vaccination drives against malaria.

关键词： Vaccines against malaria Drugs and adjuvant Malarial treatment Plasmodium RTS,S vaccine

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Unveiling a new regulator: Vacuolar V-ATPase mediates brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 227-229页

作者： Shikha malik Justin W.Walley Department of Plant Pathology Entomologyand Microbiologylowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Plant growth and development are intricately regulated by hormones such as auxins,gibberellins,jamonates,cytokinins,and brassinosteroids(BRs).BRs are a group of plant steroid hormones that play a vital role in plant growth and response to the *** regulate many biological processes including cell elongation,cell division,and male fertility,as well as abiotic and biotic stress responses.

关键词： media fertility brassinosteroid

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Impact of Training of Dispensers on Case Management of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections at Community Pharmacies in Pakistan

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy（药理与制药） 2012年第4期

作者： Azhar Hussain Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim madeeha malik

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Detailed analysis of the relativistic configuration of Bardeen anisotropic spheres in modified f(G)gravity

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第6期76卷 45-56页

作者： Adnan malik Ayesha Almas Tayyaba Naz Rubab Manzoor M Z Bhatti School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaZhejiangChina Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologySialkot CampusLahorePakistan National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Lahore CampusPakistan Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologyJohar Town CampusLahore 54782Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabQuaid-i-Azam CampusLahore-54590Pakistan

The aim of this work is to investigate anisotropic compact objects within the framework of f(G)modified theory of *** our present work,we utilize Krori-Barua metrics,i.e.,λ(r)=Xr^(2)+Y andβ(r)=Zr^(2).We use some matching conditions of spherically symmetric spacetime with Bardeen's model as an exterior ***,we establish some expressions of energy density and pressure components to analyze the stellar configuration of Bardeen compact stars by assuming viable f(G)*** examine the energy conditions for different stellar structures to verify the viability of our considered ***,we also investigate some other physical features,such as equilibrium condition,equation of state parameters,adiabatic index,stability analysis,mass function,surface redshift,and compactness factor,*** is worthwhile to mention here for the current study that our stellar structure in the background of Bardeen's model is more viable and stable.

关键词： Bardeen compact stars f(G)modified gravity Krori-Barua potential

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Improved Dwarf Mongoose Optimization Algorithm for Feature Selection:Application in Software Fault Prediction Datasets

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第4期21卷 2000-2033页

作者： Abdelaziz I.Hammouri Mohammed A.Awadallah malik ShBraik Mohammed Azmi Al-Betar Majdi Beseiso Department of Computer Science Al-Balqa Applied UniversityAl-Salt19117Jordan Department of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies University of Prince Mugrin42241MedinaSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Al-Aqsa UniversityGaza4051Palestine Artificial Intelligence Research Center(AIRC) Ajman UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates Department of Information Technology Al-Huson University CollegeAl-Balqa Applied UniversityAl-HusonIrbid21110Jordan

Feature selection(FS)plays a crucial role in pre-processing machine learning datasets,as it eliminates redundant features to improve classification accuracy and reduce computational *** paper presents an enhanced approach to FS for software fault prediction,specifically by enhancing the binary dwarf mongoose optimization(BDMO)algorithm with a crossover mechanism and a modified positioning updating *** proposed approach,termed iBDMOcr,aims to fortify exploration capability,promote population diversity,and lastly improve the wrapper-based FS process for software fault prediction *** gained superb performance compared to other well-esteemed optimization methods across 17 benchmark *** ranked first in 11 out of 17 datasets in terms of average classification ***,iBDMOcr outperformed other methods in terms of average fitness values and number of selected features across all *** findings demonstrate the effectiveness of iBDMOcr in addressing FS problems in software fault prediction,leading to more accurate and efficient models.

关键词： Dwarf mongoose optimization algorithm Optimization Feature selection Classification

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Advances in Zika virus vaccines and therapeutics:A systematic review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第3期17卷 97-109页

作者： Shiza malik Khalid Muhammad Omar Ahsan Muhammad Tahir Khan Ranjit Sah Yasir Waheed Bridging Health Foundation Rawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Biology College of SciencesUAE University15551Al AinUnited Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Foundation University Medical CollegeFoundation University IslamabadIslamabad 44000Pakistan INTI International University Persiaran Perdana BBN Putra Nilai71800 NilaiNegeri SembilanMalaysia Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology the University of LahoreKM Defence RoadLahore 58810Pakistan Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine Zhongguancun Scientific ParkNanyang 473006China Department of Microbiology Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalInstitute of MedicineKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Microbiology Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical CollegeHospital and Research CentreDr.D.Y.Patil VidyapeethPune 411018MaharashtraIndia Department of Public Health Dentistry Dr.D.Y.Patil Dental College and HospitalDr.D.Y.Patil VidyapeethPune 411018MaharashtraIndia Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine Lebanese American UniversityByblos 1401Lebanon

Zika virus(ZIKV)is the causative agent of a viral infection that causes neurological complications in newborns and adults *** wide transmission route and alarming spread rates are of great concern to the scientific *** trials have been conducted to develop treatment options for ZIKV *** review highlights the latest developments in the fields of vaccinology and pharmaceuticals developments for ZIKV infection.A systematic and comprehensive approach was used to gather relevant and up-to-date data so that inferences could be made about the gaps in therapeutic *** results indicate that several therapeutic interventions are being tested against ZIKV infection,such as DNA vaccines,subunit vaccines,live-attenuated vaccines,virus-vector-based vaccines,inactivated vaccines,virus-like particles,and mRNA-based *** addition,approved anti-ZIKV drugs that can reduce the global burden are *** many vaccine candidates for ZIKV are at different stages of development,none of them have received Food and Drug Authority approval for use up to *** issue of side effects associated with these drugs in vulnerable newborns and pregnant women is a major obstacle in the therapeutic pathway.

关键词： Zika virus Infection Therapeutics Antiviral agents Vaccines Therapies Treatment Novel therapeutic Clinical management

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The Combination of Achnatherum inebrians Extracts and Soil Microorganisms Inhibited Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Elymus nutans

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第3期93卷 567-580页

作者： Rui Zhang Taixiang Chen Zhenjiang Chen Hao Chen Xuekai Wei malik Kamran Chunjie Li State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Key Laboratory of Animal Husbandry InnovationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland AgricultureMinistry of EducationWest Gansu Province Prataculture Technology Innovation CenterCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730020China Center for Grassland Research National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationCaFBeijing100091China

In a greenhouse experiment,the effects of soil microorganisms and extracts of Achnatherum inebrians on the seed germination and seedling growth of Elymus nutans were *** results showed that both the extracts from aboveground and belowground parts of *** signiﬁcantly inhibited the germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,seedling height,root length,and fresh weight of ***,but increased malondialdehyde content,catalase,peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity of *** seedlings(p<0.05).The allelopathy of aqueous extracts of the aboveground parts of *** was stronger than that of the *** extracts of the aboveground parts of *** decreased seed germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,seedling length,root length,and seedling fresh weight by 10.45%-74.63%,24.18%-32.50%,19.03%-73.36%,37.83%-88.41%,21.42%-53.14%,2.65%-40.21%,and 20.45%-61.36%,respectively,and malondialdehyde content,peroxidase,catalase,and superoxide dismutase activity increased by 8.09%-62.24%,27.83%-86.47%,22.90%-93.17%,and 11.15%-75.91%,*** above indexes were higher in live soil than in sterilized *** microorganisms increased the allelopathy of *** seed germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,seedling length,and seedling fresh weight of *** planted in live soil decreased by 8.22%-48.48%,10.00%-51.85%,8.19%-53.26%,16.43%-60.03%,12.91%-28.81%,and 9.09%-22.86%compared with sterilized soil,*** content,peroxidase,catalase,and superoxide dismutase activity of *** planted in live soil increased by 53.91%-81.06%,15.71%-57.34%,33.33%-86.31%,and 9.78%-52.51%compared with sterilized soil,*** existence of soil microorganisms enhanced the allelopathy of the secondary metabolites of ***.A combination of microorganisms and aqueous extracts from the aboveground parts of *** had the s

关键词： Achnatherum inebrians water immersion liquid aqueous leachate precipitate allelopathy Elymus nutans soil microorganisms

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