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Understanding the combustion behavior of electric bicycle batteries and unveiling its relationship with fire extinguishing

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 609-618页

作者： Zhanglong Yu Xueling shen Ran Xu Zheng Wang Zengming Wan Mingyang Chen Yi Cui Yanyan Fang Xiaoli ma China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 101407China China Grinm Group Co. Ltd.Beijing 100088China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Equipment Industry Development CenterBeijing 100846China Hefei Guoxuan High-tech Power energy Co. Ltd.Hefei 230000AnhuiChina

In this study,a detailed analysis of the combustion behaviors of the lithium iron phosphate(LFP)and lithium manganese oxide(LMO)batteries used in electric bicycles was *** research included quantitative measurements of the combustion duration,flame height,combustion temperature,heat release rate,and total heat *** results indicated that LMO batteries exhibited higher combustion temperatures of 600–700°C,flame heights of 70–75 cm,a significantly higher heat release rate of40.1 k W(12 Ah),and a total heat release of 1.04 MJ(12 Ah)compared to LFP batteries with the same *** on these experimental results,a normalized total heat release(NORTHR)parameter was proposed,demonstrating good universality for batteries with different *** this parameter,quantitative calculations and optimization of the extinguishing agent dosage were conducted for fires involving these two types of batteries,and the method was validated by extinguishing fires for these two types of battery packs with water-based extinguishing fluids.

关键词： Combustion behavior Electric bicycle Lithium-ion battery Fire extinguishing Normalized total heat release

RAD-seq data reveals robust phylogeny and morphological evolutionary history of Rhododendron

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第3期10卷 866-878页

作者： Yuanting shen Gang Yao Yunfei Li Xiaoling Tian Shiming Li Nian Wang Chengjun Zhang Fei Wang Yongpeng ma Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beijing Genomics of Institute ShenzhenGuangdong 518120China Guiyang Institute of Humanities and Technology GuiyangGuizhou 550025China State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River College of ForestryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong 271018China The Southwest China of Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China West China Subalpine Botanical Garden Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 611834China

Rhododendron is famous for its high ornamental ***,the genus is taxonomically difficult and the relationships within Rhododendron remain *** addition,the origin of key morphological characters with high horticulture value need to be *** problems largely hinder utilization of germplasm *** studies attempted to disentangle the phylogeny of Rhododendron,but only used a few genomic markers and lacked large-scale sampling,resulting in low clade support and contradictory phylogenetic ***,we used restriction-site associated DNA sequencing(RAD-seq)data and morphological traits for 144 species of Rhododendron,representing all subgenera and most sections and subsections of this species-rich genus,to decipher its intricate evolutionary history and reconstruct ancestral *** results revealed high resolutions at subgenera and section levels of Rhododendron based on RAD-seq *** optimal phylogenetic tree and split tree recovered five lineages among ***(cladeⅠ)formed the basal *** and Azaleastrum formed cladeⅡand had sister ***Ⅲincluded all scaly rhododendron ***(cladeⅣ)formed a sister group to ***(cladeⅤ).The results of ancestral state reconstruction showed that Rhododendron ancestor was a deciduous woody plant with terminal inflorescence,ten stamens,leaf blade without scales and broadly funnelform corolla with pink or purple *** study shows significant distinguishability to resolve the evolutionary history of Rhododendron based on high clade support of phylogenetic tree constructed by RAD-seq *** also provides an example to resolve discordant signals in phylogenetic trees and demonstrates the application feasibility of RAD-seq with large amounts of missing data in deciphering intricate evolutionary ***,the reconstructed ancestral state of six important characters provides insights into the inn

关键词： Rhododendron RAD-seq Missing data Quartet sampling(QS) Ancestral state reconstruction

Dynamic tunable LWIR achromatic metalens comprising all-As_(2)Se_(3) microstructures

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第6期22卷 191-195页

作者： Zhihao He Bingxia Wang Zhiang Qian Kongsi Zhou Xiang shen Yungui ma Laboratory of Infrared materials and Devices The Research Institute of Advanced TechnologiesKey Laboratory of Photoelectric Detection Materials and Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic ResearchCollege of Optical Science and EngineeringInternational Research Center for Advanced PhotonicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

In the field of long-wave infrared(LWIR) thermal imaging, vital for applications such as military surveillance and medical diagnostics, metalenses show immense potential for compact, lightweight, and low-power optical systems. However, to date, the development of LWIR broadband achromatic metalenses with dynamic tunable focus, which are suitable for both coaxial and off-axis applications, remains a large unexplored area. Herein, we have developed an extensive database of broadband achromatic all-As2Se3microstructure units for the LWIR range. Utilizing this database with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, we have designed and demonstrated LWIR broadband achromatic metalenses capable of coaxial and off-axis focusing with three dynamic tunable states. This research may have potential applications for the design of compact, high-performance optical devices, including those with extreme depth-of-field and wide-angle imaging capabilities.

关键词： achromatic metalens long-wave infrared dynamic tunable focus

CXCL13 shapes tumor immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer with homologous recombination deficiency

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第5期11卷 48-50页

作者： Yue Ding Zheng Ye Bo Ding Songwei Feng Furong Du Xuejiao ma Xiaoxuan Wang Yang shen Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Zhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210008China State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210096China State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co.Ltd.NanjingJiangsu 210042China

Recently,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors(PARPi)have played a pivotal role in prolonging the recurrence-free survival of patients with ovarian cancer(OC).1,2 Although PARPi have revolutionized the treatment of OC,the absence of reliable predictive biomarkers limits the broad application of ICIs for patients with homologous recombination(HR)deficiency(HRD).3 CXC-chemokine ligand 13(CXCL13)is a cytokine constitutively secreted in the stromal cells of the B-cell region of secondary lymphoid tissue.4 It exclusively binds to the chemokine receptor CXCR5,which is abundantly expressed in subsets of mature circulating B lymphocytes,follicular helper T cells,and skin-derived dendritic cells,and governs the migration of these cells into secondary lymphoid organs in response to the CXCL13 gradient.5 In this study,we aimed to elucidate the role of CXCL13 in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)in HR-deficient OC and to explore its relationship with the cGAS-STING signaling pathway.

关键词： CXCL13 cancer organs

MnS–MnO heterogeneous nanocube@N,S-doped carbon as a highly efficient bifunctional water splitting electrocatalyst

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 1977-1988页

作者： Xue-Qian Wang Xiang-Ying ma Wang-Zhi Wu Hui-Bing He Nan-Nan Wang Ren-Ji Zheng Shao-Jian ma Yan-Qiu Zhu Pei-Kang shen Jin-Liang Zhu School of Resources Environment and MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite StructuresCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi MinzuUniversity Nanning 530006 China School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

A stable,efficient,and economical bifunctional electrolytic catalyst would be incredibly beneficial for the development of hydrogen production by electrocatalytic water *** this study,we synthesized a novel MnS–MnO heterogeneous nanocube@N,S-doped carbon(MnS–MnO@NSC).MnS–MnO nanocubes possess rich heterogeneous interfaces and plentiful catalytic active sites to promote electrochemical reactions,while the N,S-doped carbon shell possesses excellent conductivity and catalytic properties and protects the ***–MnO@NSC exhibited excellent electrochemical properties as an effective bifunctional electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in KOH *** the HER,the overpotential was as low as 124 mV at a current density of 10 ma·cm^(-2)while in the OER,it was only 340 mV at 100 ma·cm^(-2)under the same *** addition,a MnS–MnO@NSC||MnS–MnO@NSC electrolyzer exhibited almost comparable activity and higher steadiness than those exhibited by the state-of-the-art Pt/C||RuO_(2)/C system for full water splitting in KOH solution.

关键词： manganese sulfide manganese oxide Doped carbon Heterogeneous nanocube Water splitting

A HIGH ACCURACY AND FAST AUTOmaTIC PROCESSING METHOD OF YOUNG′S FRINGE PATTERN IN PIV

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 1994年第1期7卷 17-22页

作者： ma Guangyun, shen Gongxin(Institute of Fluid Mechanics.Beijing University,of Aeronautics and Astronautic.Beijing,China,100083)

AbstractA new method for automatic processing of Young′s fringe pattern obtained from PIVphotograph is presented. The fringe orientation is determined by searching for the maxi-mum of the function W(a) which is constructed from 2-D Young′s fringe intensity *** influence of diffraction halo is removed by a simulated function constructedwith normal function. The fringe spacing is derived by calculating iD Fourier *** of 1-D fringe intensity distribution.A high measurement accuracy could be ob-tained (the measurement errors of fringe orientation and spacing are less than 0.5°and 1% respectively). Furthcrmore,only a less amount of computation is required.

关键词： FAST AUTOmaTIC AND ACCURACY PIV

Dynamic image stabilization precision test system based on the Hessian matrix

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2012年第9期55卷 2056-2074页

作者： LI Jing ,WANG JunZheng,WANG ShouKun,ma LiLing & shen Wei Key Laboratory of Complex System Intelligent Control and Decision,School of Automation,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China Key Laboratory of Complex System Intelligent Control and Decision School of Automation Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China

Dynamic image stabilization precision of an optical image-stable device is a key technical ***,a fast dynamic image stabilization precision test system for an optical image-stable device is developed.A large-aperture collimator with a designed cross divisional board is used to simulate the infinity *** image-stable device is installed on the motion simulator with six degrees of freedom which is used to simulate the moving state of the *** CCD camera installed behind the eyepiece lens of the image-stable device acquires images rapidly and in real *** local energy maxima center of the cross light spot can be acquired accurately through the proposed algorithm using the Hessian *** addition,to deal with the CCD non-uniformity,an adaptive non-uniformity correction algorithm based on bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition is *** actual test results for the proposed method show that the test error of dynamic image stabilization is less than 0.7,and the time for the frame image acquisition and processing is less than 10 ms,which demonstrates the effectiveness of the test system.

关键词： image stabilization precision adaptive non-uniformity correction empirical mode decomposition local energy maxima Hessian matrix

Full waveform inversion based on hybrid gradient

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1660-1670页

作者： Chuang Xie Zhi-Liang Qin Jian-Hua Wang Peng Song Heng-Guang shen sheng-Qi Yu Ben-Jun ma Xue-Qin Liu Qingdao Innovation and Development Base Harbin Engineering UniversityQingdao266000ShandongChina Qingdao Innovation and Development Center Harbin Engineering UniversityQingdao266000ShandongChina CNOOC Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing100028China College of marine Geoscience Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266100ShandongChina Weihai Sunfull Geophysical Exploration Equipment Co. Ltd.Weihai264209ShandongChina

The low-wavenumber components in the gradient of full waveform inversion(FWI)play a vital role in the stability of the ***,when FWI is implemented in some high frequencies and current models are not far away from the real velocity model,an excessive number of low-wavenumber components in the gradient will also reduce the convergence rate and inversion *** solve this problem,this paper firstly derives a formula of scattering angle weighted gradient in FWI,then proposes a hybrid *** hybrid gradient combines the conventional gradient of FWI with the scattering angle weighted gradient in each inversion frequency band based on an empirical formula derived *** weighted hybrid mode,we can retain some low-wavenumber components in the initial lowfrequency inversion to ensure the stability of the inversion,and use more high-wavenumber components in the high-frequency inversion to improve the convergence *** results of synthetic data experiment demonstrate that compared to the conventional FWI,the FWI based on the proposed hybrid gradient can effectively reduce the low-wavenumber components in the gradient under the premise of ensuring inversion *** also greatly enhances the convergence rate and inversion accuracy,especially in the deep part of the *** the field marine seismic data experiment also illustrates that the FWI based on hybrid gradient(HGFWI)has good stability and adaptability.

关键词： Full waveform inversion Hybrid gradient Scattering angle weighted Low-wavenumber component

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我国模具钢的发展战略分析

钢铁 2006年第4期41卷 5-9页

作者：陈再枝马党参钢铁研究总院结构材料所北京100081

针对目前我国国产模具钢市场供需两旺,而我国每年又要花费巨额外汇从国外工业发达国家进口大量的模具钢和模具的现状,从战略的角度,分析了我国模具钢的市场前景、塑料模具钢的地位、提高模具钢质量的途径、模具钢的质量与标准的关系、... 详细信息

针对目前我国国产模具钢市场供需两旺,而我国每年又要花费巨额外汇从国外工业发达国家进口大量的模具钢和模具的现状,从战略的角度,分析了我国模具钢的市场前景、塑料模具钢的地位、提高模具钢质量的途径、模具钢的质量与标准的关系、加速开发高性能模具钢新品种和创造高档模具钢民族品牌等方面的问题。对我国冶金企业和模具制造行业在制定模具钢发展规划中有一定的参考价值。

关键词：模具钢发展战略分析