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Tuning the electronic structure of the earth-abundant electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)to achieve efficient alkaline water splitting-A review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第5期30卷 299-342页

作者： mohammed-Ibrahim Jamesh moussab harb Department of Physics and materials Science City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina Applied and Plasma Physics School of Physics(A28)University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia KAUST Catalysis Center(KCC) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division(PSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

Tuning the electronic structure of the electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is a promising way to achieve efficient alkaline water splitting for clean energy production(H2).At first,this paper introduces the significance of the tuning of electronic structure,where modifying the electronic structure of the electrocatalysts could generate active sites having optimal adsorption energy with OER intermediates,and that could diminish the energy barrier for OER,and that could improve the activity for ***,this paper reviews the tuning of electronic structure along with catalytic performances,synthetic methodologies,chemical properties,and DFT calculations on various nanostructured earth-abundant electrocatalysts for OER in alkaline ***,this review discusses the tuning of the electronic structure of the several nanostructured earth-abundant electrocatalysts including oxide,(oxy)hydroxide,layered double hydroxide,alloy,metal phosphide/phosphate,nitride,sulfide,selenide,carbon containing materials,mOF,core-shell/hetero/hollow structured materials,and materials with vacancies/defects for OER in alkaline environment(including activity:overpotential(η)of ≤200 mV at10 m A cm^(-2);stability:≥100 h;durability:≥5000 cycles).Then,this review discusses the robust stability of the electrocatalysts for OER towards practical ***,this review discusses the in situ formation of thin layer on the catalyst surface during *** addition,this review discusses the influence of the adsorption energy of the OER intermediates on OER performance of the ***,this review summarizes the various promising strategies for tuning the electronic structure of the electrocatalysts to achieve enhanced performance for OER in alkaline environment.

关键词： OER electrocatalyst Electrochemical water splitting Earth abundant electrocatalyst Hydrogen energy

Non-Value-Added Tax to improve market fairness and quality

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Financial Innovation 2022年第1期8卷 523-552页

作者： Iryna Veryzhenko Arthur Jonath Etienne harb Conservatoire National des Arts et métiers ParisFrance Profit and Entropy Portola ValleyCAUSA ESSCA School of management AngersFrance

The promotion of both market fairness and efficiency has long been a goal of securities market regulators *** digital disruption and abusive trading behaviors,such as the GameStop mania,prompt regulatory *** is unclear how this“democratization”of trading power affects market fairness as economies cope with pandemic-driven shifts in basic *** speculation and market manipulation undermine the quality of financial markets in the sense that they cause volatil-ity and increase the pain of bubble and crash ***,they weaken public confidence in financial markets to fulfill their roles in proper capital allocation to irrigate the real economy and generate value for *** previous studies have mostly focused on market efficiency,our study proposes a tool to improve market fairness,even under periods of *** encourage value generation and improve market quality,we advance a graduated Non-Value-Added Tax that we implement in an agent-based model that can realistically capture the properties of real-world financial markets.A profitable transaction is taxed at a higher rate if it does not enhance the efficiency measured by deviation from *** an agent locks in profit not supported by fundamentals but driven by trend-following strategies,the generated profit is taxed at various rates under the Non-Value-Added Tax *** existing financial transaction taxes,the non-value-added tax is levied on profit rather than on price or *** show that the proposed tax encourages profitable trades that add value to the market and discourages valueless *** significantly curtails volatility and prevents the occurrence of extreme market events,such as bubbles and crashes.

关键词： market fairness Financial transaction tax Non-Value-Added Tax High-frequency trading Bubbles and crashes Efficiency

Split-dose menthol-enhanced PEG vs PEG-ascorbic acid for colonoscopy preparation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第6期21卷 1938-1944页

作者： Ala I Sharara Ali H harb Fayez S Sarkis Jean m Chalhoub Rami Badreddine Fadi H mourad mahmoud Othman Omar masri Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medi-cine American University of Beirut Medical Center

AIm:To compare the efficacy and palatability of 4L polyethylene glycol electrolyte(PEG)plus sugar-free menthol candy(PEG+m)vs reduced-volume 2 L ascorbic acid-supplemented PEG(Asc PEG).mETHODS:In a randomized controlled trial setting,ambulatory patients scheduled for elective colonoscopy were prospectively *** were randomized to receive either PEG+m or Asc PEG,both splitdosed with minimal dietary *** was assessed on a linear scale of 1 to 5(1=disgusting;5=tasty).Quality of preparation was scored by assignment-blinded endoscopists using the modified Aronchick and Ottawa *** main outcomes were the palatability and efficacy of the *** outcomes included patient willingness to retake the same preparation again in the future and completion of the prescribed ***:Overall,200 patients were enrolled(100patients per arm).PEG+m was more palatable than Asc PEG(76%vs 62%,P=0.03).Completing the preparation was not different between study groups(91%PEG+m vs 86%Asc PEG,P=0.38)but more patients were willing to retake PEG+m(54%vs 40%respectively,P=0.047).There was no significant difference between PEG+m vs Asc PEG in adequate cleansing on both the modified Aronchick(82%vs77%,P=0.31)and the Ottawa scale(85%vs 74%,P=0.054).However,PEG+m was superior in the left colon on the Ottawa subsegmental score(score0-2:94%for PEG+m vs 81%for Asc PEG,P=0.005)and received significantly more excellent ratings than Asc PEG on the modified Aronchick scale(61%vs 43%,P=0.009).Both preparations performed less well in afternoon vs morning examinations(inadequate:29%vs 15.2%,P=0.02).CONCLUSION:4 L PEG plus menthol has better palatability and acceptability than 2 L ascorbic acidPEG and is associated with a higher rate of excellentpreparations;*** identifier:NCT01788709.

关键词： Colonoscopy Bowel preparation Efficacy Tolerabilit

Risk prediction rule for advanced neoplasia on screening colonoscopy for average-risk individuals

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第37期26卷 5705-5717页

作者： Ala I Sharara Ali El mokahal Ali H harb Natalia Khalaf Fayez S Sarkis mustapha m El-Halabi Nabil m mansour Ahmad malli Robert Habib Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirut 11072020Lebanon Digestive and Liver Diseases Division University of Texas-SouthwesternDallasTX 75390United States Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMO 66160United States Division of Gastroenterology St Elizabeth HealthcareCrestview HillsKY 41017United States Department of Internal medicine Section of Gastroenterology and HepatologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Gastroenterology Hennepin HealthcareMinneapolisMN 55404United States Department of Internal medicine American University of BeirutBeirut 11072020Lebanon

BACKGROUND In resource-limited countries,risk stratification can be used to optimize colorectal cancer *** prospective risk prediction models exist for advanced neoplasia(AN)in true average-risk *** To create and internally validate a risk prediction model for detection of AN in mETHODS Prospective study of asymptomatic individuals undergoing first screening *** characteristics including diet,exercise and medications were *** logistic regression was used to elucidate risk factors for AN(adenoma≥1 cm,villous histology,high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma).The model was validated through bootstrapping,and discrimination and calibration of the model were *** 980 consecutive individuals(51%F;49%m)were *** and AN detection rates were 36.6%(F 29%:m 45%;Pm 6.5%)*** multivariate analysis,predictors of AN[OR(95%CI)]were age[1.036(1.00-1.07);P=0.048],BmI[overweight 2.21(0.98-5.00);obese 3.54(1.48-8.50);P=0.018],smoking[meat consumption[2.02(0.92-4.42)P=0.079].Nomograms of AN risk were developed in terms of risk factors and age separately for normal,overweight and obese *** model had good discrimination and *** The prevalence of adenoma and AN in average-risk Lebanese individuals is similar to the ***,smoking,and BmI are important predictors of AN,with obesity being particularly *** external validation is needed,this model provides an important platform for improved risk-stratification for screening programs in regions where universal screening is not currently employed.

关键词： Colon Adenoma Cancer Risk factors

Control of Instable Chaotic Small Power System

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2015年第2期3卷 1-7页

作者： Samir m. Al Shariff Ahmad m. harb Electrical Engineering Department Taibah University Madina Saudi Arabia Energy Engineering Department German Jordanian University Amman Jordan

In this paper, we aim to control an instable chaotic oscillation in power system that is considered to be small system by using a linear state feedback controller. First we will analyze the stability of the mentioned power system by means of modern nonlinear theory (Bifurcation and Chaos). Our model is based on a three bus power system that consists of multi generators containing both dynamic and static loads. They are considered to be in the form of an induction motor in parallel with a capacitor, as well as a combination of constant power along with load impedance, PQ. We consider the load reactive power as the control parameter. At this stage, after changing the control parameter, the study showed that the system is experiencing a subcritical Hopf bifurcation point. This leads to a chaos within the system period doubling path. We then discuss the system controllability and present that the all chaotic oscillations fade away through the linear controller that we impose on the system.

关键词： Bifurcation Instable Chaotic Oscillation Linear Controller Voltage Collapse Chaotic Oscillation Fade Away Small Power Systems

Fault Classification and Localization in Power Systems Using Fault Signatures and Principal Components Analysis

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Energy and Power Engineering 2012年第6期4卷 506-522页

作者： Qais H. Alsafasfeh Ikhlas Abdel-Qader Ahmad m. harb Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western Michigan University Kalamazoo USA Electrical Engineering Department Tafila Technical University Tafila Jordan Energy Engineering Department German Jordanian University Amman Jordan

A vital attribute of electrical power network is the continuity of service with a high level of reliability. This motivated many researchers to investigate power systems in an effort to improve reliability by focusing on fault detection, classification and localization. In this paper, a new protective relaying framework to detect, classify and localize faults in an electrical power transmission system is presented. This work will extract phase current values during ( )th of a cycle to generate unique signatures. By utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) methods, this system will identify and classify any fault instantaneously. Also, by using the curve fitting polynomial technique with our index pattern obtained from the unique fault signature, the location of the fault can be determined with a significant accuracy.

关键词： Fault Detection and Classification Protective Relaying PCA PSCAD

ICU and Aerosol-Generating Procedures in COVID Patients

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2022年第4期6卷 12-16页

作者： Haitham Saeed Hadeer S harb Yasmin m madney mohamed EA Abdelrahim Clinical Pharmacy Department Faculty of PharmacyBeni-Suef UniversityBeni-SuefEgypt

Some of the COVID-19 patients required an intensive care unit admission,additionally an aerosol delivery is an important treatment method in this type of *** present mini-review describes the best aerosol delivery method in this type of ***,the different delivery methods of aerosol,and the best placement of the aerosol which allows the best delivery was discussed in this paper.

关键词： COVID-19 ICU mutation Aerosol

Role of FOXP3 in Immunohistochemical Expression in Preeclampsia

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第4期13卷 699-711页

作者： malames m. Faisal Hesham m. harb Fatma S. Hafez mohamed T. Elsaid Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

Background: FoxP3 gene variants have been linked to endometriosis, infertility, and autoimmune illnesses, according to numerous researches. maternal sensitivity to the PE gene and the genetic variations of FoxP3 has not been thoroughly investigated. Objective: Investigation of the immune-histochemical expression of FoxP3 in placental tissue of PE patients. methods: A total of 26 pre-eclamptic women as a case and 26 ethnically matched healthy pregnant women as a control group aged between 18 and 40 years old of different gravidity and parity referred to the labor ward for delivery either by vaginal delivery or cesarean section was enrolled to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of FOXP3 in placental tissue of PE patients. Results: Lower expression of FOXP3 IHC was statistically significant and noted in the group of preeclampsia compared to the healthy control group. Lower gestational age at delivery and a higher percentage of cesarean section were statistically significant and noted in the group of preeclampsia compared to the healthy control group. Conclusion: In comparison to the healthy control group, preeclampsia patients had statistically significantly lower FOXP3 IHC expression, and FOXP3 polymorphism was associated with the development of PE. Our findings can serve as a guide for statistical analyses and functional investigations that are more in-depth.

关键词： FOXP3 Immunohistochemical Expression Preeclampsia

Peripheral and Tissue Lymphocytes as Predictors of Pathological Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Post Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2017年第3期8卷 250-267页

作者： Shereen El Shorbagy Ola m. Elfarargy Reham A. Salem Amina m. Elnaggar Ola A. harb Abeer m. Abdelbary Hassan R. Ashour Loay m. Gertallah medical Oncology Department Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt Clinical Oncology & Nuclear medicine Department Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt Clinical Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt General Surgery Department Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt

Background: Tailoring therapy is the target in the management of any cancer;if factors which can predict response to treatment are identified, we can individualize treatment. Locally advanced rectal cancer studies reported that tumor microenvironment and host immune response played roles in sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) by proving that both peripheral circulating lymphocytes and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) strongly correlated with the response rate to CRT and it impacted disease outcome. Aim of the work: We aimed to assess the predictive value of peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes by correlation with regression rate post chemo-radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer, and to find correlation between peripheral and tissue lymphocytes. method: Before neoadjuvant, CRT venous blood samples were obtained from 40 patients with rectal cancer, and prior to surgery. Blood cell counts in the samples were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer and flowcytometry used to analyze lymphocyte subsets. Colonscopic biopsies were obtained before the CRT;the numbers and distributions of T cells (CD4 & CD8) were evaluated by immunostaining. Results: Pre CRT peripheral total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, T helper, T cytotoxic lymphocytes significantly correlated with tumor regression rate (p = 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.04 respectively). The density of tissue CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was highly correlated with tumor regression post CRT (p = 0.01 for both). The high expressions of tissue CD4 & CD 8 were significantly correlated with high number of pretreatment peripheral total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, T helper, and T cytotoxic lymphocytes with significant p value for all. Conclusion: We concluded that peripheral lymphocytic count and its subsets have significant correlation to tissue CD4, CD8 and both can predict pathological response to CRT;enhancement of lymphocytes mediated immune response can help for outcome improvement.

关键词： Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets Tissue CD4 CD8