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New roles of osteoblasts involved in osteoclast differentiation

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2012年第11期3卷 175-181页

作者： Teruhito Yamashita Naoyuki takahashi Nobuyuki Udagawa Institute for Oral Science Matsumoto Dental University1780 GobaraHirookaShiojiriNagano 399-0781Japan Department of Biochemistry Matsumoto Dental University1780 GobaraHirookaShiojiri and Nagano 399-0781Japan

Bone-resorbing osteoclasts are formed from a monocyte/macrophage lineage under the strict control o bone-forming osteoblasts. So far,macrophage colonystimulating factor(m-CSF),receptor activator o nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL),and osteoprotegerin(OPG) produced by osteoblasts play major roles in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation. Recent studies have shown that osteoblasts regulate osteoclastogenesis through several mechanisms independent o m-CSF,RANKL,and OPG production. Identification o osteoclast-committed precursors in vivo demonstrated that osteoblasts are involved in the distribution o osteoclast precursors in bone. Interleukin 34(IL-34)a novel ligand for c-Fms,plays a pivotal role in maintaining the splenic reservoir of osteoclast-committed precursors in m-CSF deficient mice. IL-34 is also able to act as a substitute for osteoblast-producing m-CSF in osteoclastogenesis. Wnt5 a,produced by osteoblasts,enhances osteoclast differentiation by upregulating RANK expression through activation of the noncanonical Wnt pathway. Semaphorin 3A produced by osteoblasts inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation through the suppression of immunoreceptortyrosine-based activation motif signals. Thus,recent findings show that osteoclast differentiation is tightly regulated by osteoblasts through several different mechanisms. These newly identified molecules are expected to be promising targets of therapeutic agents in bone-related diseases.

关键词： Osteoclast Osteoblast Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand Wnt5a Semaphorin 3A Interleukin 34

Optical spectroscopy and photometry of main-belt asteroids with a high orbital inclination

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2017年第2期17卷 43-50页

作者： Aya Iwai Yoichi Itoh Tsuyoshi Terai Ranjan Gupta Asoke Sen Jun takahashi National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Ibaraki 305-8563Japan Nishi-Harima Astronomical Observatory Center for AstronomyUniversity of HyogoISIyogo 679-5313Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan HiloHawaii 96720USA Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics GaneshkhindPune 411 007India Department of Physics Assam UniversitySilchar 788 001India

We carried out low-resolution optical spectroscopy of 51 main-belt asteroids, most of which have highly-inclined orbits. They are selected from D-type candidates in the SDSS-mOC 4 catalog. Using the University of Hawaii 2.2 m telescope and the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics 2 m telescope in India, we determined the spectral types of 38 asteroids. Among them, eight asteroids were classified as D-type asteroids. Fractions of D-type asteroids are 3.0 ± 1.1% for low orbital inclination main-belt asteroids and 7.3 ± 2.0% for high orbital inclination main-belt asteroids. The results of our study indicate that some D-type asteroids were formed within the ecliptic region between the main belt and Jupiter, and were then perturbed by Jupiter.

关键词： minor planets, asteroids general -- techniques spectroscopic

Utilization of deep sea at 4000 and 6000 m depths for long-term storage and quality improvement of greater amberjack(Seriola dumerili)muscle

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Food Bioscience 2023年第3期53卷 3208-3214页

作者： Yusa Nakamura Takanori Sato Kazuhito Oshima Tomoaki Hagiwara Kigen takahashi Department of Food Science and Technology Tokyo University of Marine Science and TechnologyKonan 4-5-7Minato-kuTokyo108-8477Japan Ideal Brain Co. Ltd.Awaji-cho 2-105Chiyoda-kuTokyo101-0063Japan

Long-term storage and quality maintenance of fresh fish are tremendously *** study aimed to develop a novel technology for long-term storage and quality improvement of fresh fish by utilizing deep sea and to clarify its detailed mechanisms focusing on protein ***,deep-sea aging of greater amberjack muscle was performed at depths of 4000 and 6000 m for approximately 4 *** total viable count of bacteria in the deep-sea-aged samples was significantly suppressed,especially at 6000 *** dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)analysis showed that the degradation of myosin heavy chain was accelerated in the deep-sea-aged samples.A significant increase in the content of free amino acids such as aspartic acid and serine,which relates to the enhancement of umami and sweet taste,was also observed in the deep-sea-aged *** differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)analysis indicated that protein conformational changes induced by deep-sea high pressure presumably increase the reactivity between protease and substrate in the fish sample,leading to enhanced ***,deep-sea aging contributes to improving the safety and quality of greater amberjack muscle during long-term ***,this novel technology can be used to achieve the sustainable utilization of marine resources.

关键词： Fish aging Fish protein Freshness Proteolysis Sashimi Umami

CAmSAP3-dependent microtubule dynamics regulates Golgi assembly in epithelial cells

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2017年第1期44卷 39-49页

作者： Jing Wang Honglin Xu Yuqiang Jiang mikiko takahashi masatoshi Takeichi Wenxiang meng State Key Laboratory of molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19A Yuquan RoadBeijing 100049China Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Teikyo Heisei University4-21-2 NakanoNakano-kuTokyo 164-8530Japan RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology 2-2-3 Chuo-kuKobe 650-0047Japan

The Golgi assembly pattern varies among cell types. In fibroblast cells, the Golgi apparatus concentrates around the centrosome that radiates microtubules; whereas in epithelial cells, whose microtubules are mainly noncentrosomal, the Golgi apparatus accumulates around the nucleus independently of centrosome. Little is known about the mechanisms behind such cell wpe-specific Golgi and microtubule organization. Here, we show that the microtubule minus-end binding protein Nezha/CAmSAP3 （calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein 3） plays a role in translocation of Golgi vesicles in epithelial cells. This function of CAmSAP3 is supported by CG-NAP （centrosome and Golgi localized PKN- associated protein） through their binding. Depletion of either one of these proteins similarly induces fragmentation of Golgi membranes. Furthermore, we find that stathmin-dependent microtubule dynamics is graded along the radial axis of ceils with highest activity at the perinuclear region, and inhibition of this gradient disrupts perinuclear distribution of the Golgi apparatus. We propose that the assembly of the Golgi apparatus in epithelial cells is induced by a multi-step process, which includes CAmSAP3-dependent Golgi vesicle clustering and graded microtubule dynamics.

关键词： CG-NAP Nezha/CAmSAP3 Golgi Noncentrosomal micfotubules Stathmin

Insights into the pathogenesis of multiple system atrophy: focus on glial cytoplasmic inclusions

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2020年第1期9卷 66-80页

作者： Seiji Kaji Takakuni maki Tomoyuki Ishimoto Hodaka Yamakado Ryosuke takahashi Department of Neurology Graduate School of MedicineKyoto University54 Shogoin-Kawahara-choSakyo-kuKyotoJapan

multiple system atrophy(mSA)is a debilitating and fatal neurodegenerative *** disease severity warrants urgent development of disease-modifying therapy,but the disease pathogenesis is still *** in mSA brains is preceded by the emergence of glial cytoplasmic inclusions(GCIs),which are insoluble α-synuclein accumulations within oligodendrocytes(OLGs).Thus,preventive strategies against GCI formation may suppress disease ***,although numerous studies have tried to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of GCI formation,difficulty remains in understanding the pathological interaction between the two pivotal aspects of GCIs;asynuclein and *** difficulty originates from several enigmas:1)what triggers the initial generation and possible propagation of pathogenic α-synuclein species?2)what contributes to OLG-specific accumulation of α-synuclein,which is abundantly expressed in neurons but not in OLGs?and 3)how are OLGs and other glial cells affected and contribute to neurodegeneration?The primary pathogenesis of GCIs may involve myelin dysfunaion and dyshomeostasis of the oligodendroglial cellular environment such as autophagy and iron *** have previously reported that oligodendrocyte precursor cells are more prone to develop intracellular inclusions in the presence of extracellular fibrillary α-*** finding implies a possibility that the propagation of GCI pathology in mSA brains is mediated through the internalization of pathological α-synuclein into oligodendrocyte precursor *** this review,in order to discuss the pathogenesis of GCIs,we will focus on the composition of neuronal and oligodendroglial inclusions in ***,we will introduce some hypotheses on how α-synuclein pathology spreads among OLGs in mSA brains,in the light of our data from the experiments with primary oligodendrocyte lineage cell *** various reports have focused on the mysterious source of α-

关键词： multiple system atrophy a-synuclein Glial cytoplasmic inclusion Prion Neurodegeneration Oligodendrocyte microglia Astrocyte Oligodendrocyte precursor cell

Curvature derived from LiDAR digital elevation models as simple indicators of debris-flow susceptibility

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Journal of mountain Science 2019年第1期16卷 95-107页

作者： Atsuko NONOmURA Shuichi HASEGAWA Hideo mATSUmOTO mari takahashi mina mASUmOTO Kazuhito FUJISAWA Faculty of Engineering and design Kagawa University Institute of Education Research and Regional Cooperation for Crisis Management Shikoku Kagawa University Faculty of Engineering Graduate school of Engineering Kagawa University

To mitigate the damage caused by debris flows resulting from heavy precipitation and to aid in evacuation plan preparation, areas at risk should be mapped on a scale appropriate for affected individuals and communities. We tested the effectiveness of simply identifying debris-flow hazards through automated derivation of surface curvatures using LiDAR digital elevation models. We achieved useful correspondence between plan curvatures and areas of existing debris-flow damage in two localities in Japan using the analysis of digital elevation models(DEms). We found that plan curvatures derived from 10 m DEms may be useful to indicate areas that are susceptible to debris flow in mountainous areas. In residential areas located on gentle sloping debris flow fans, the greatest damage to houses was found to be located in the elongated depressions that are connected to mountain stream valleys. Plan curvaturederived from 5 m DEm was the most sensitive indicators for susceptibility to debris flows.

关键词： Digital elevation model LiDAR Gridspacing Debris flow Geological hazard Curvature

Osmotic pressure of serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with suspected neurological conditions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第5期15卷 944-947页

作者： Tetsuya Akaishi Toshiyuki takahashi Ichiro Nakashima michiaki Abe masashi Aoki Tadashi Ishii Department of Education and Support for Regional medicine Tohoku University HospitalSendaiJapan Department of Neurology Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National HospitalYonezawaJapan Department of Neurology Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan

Interstitial fluid movement in the brain parenchyma has been suggested to contribute to sustaining the metabolism in brain parenchyma and maintaining the function of neurons and glial *** pulsatile hydrostatic pressure gradient may be one of the driving forces of this bulk ***,osmotic pressure- related factors have not been studied until *** this prospective observational study,to elucidate the relationship between osmolality (mOsm/kg) in the serum and that in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),we simultaneously measured the serum and CSF osmolality of 179 subjects with suspected neurological *** osmolality was 283.6 ± 6.5 mOsm/kg and CSF osmolality was 289.5 ± 6.6 mOsm/*** the specific gravity of serum and CSF is known to be 1.024–1.028 and 1.004–1.007,respectively,the estimated average of osmolarity (mOsm/L) in the serum and CSF covered exactly the same range (i.e.,290.5–291.5 mOsm/L).There was strong correlation between CSF osmolality and serum osmolality,but the difference in osmolality between serum and CSF was not correlated with serum osmolality,serum electrolyte levels,protein levels,or quotient of *** conclusion,CSF osmolarity was suggested to be equal to serum *** is not one of the driving forces of this bulk *** factors such as hydrostatic pressure gradient should be used to explain the mechanism of bulk flow in the brain *** study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Tohoku University Hospital (approval *** No.2015-1-257) on July 29,2015.

关键词： brain parenchyma bulk flow cerebrospinal fluid hydrostatic pressure interstitial fluid osmolarity osmotic pressure

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非均匀a-Si:H层的光致发光光谱研究

冶金分析 2012年第1期32卷 43-47页

作者： Brunner R Pincik E Kobayashi H Kucera m.takahashi m 斯洛伐克科学院物理研究所科学与工业研究所大阪大学与CREST日本科学与技术组织斯洛伐克科学院电气工程研究所

本文报道了沉积于玻璃基板上的a-Si:H基结构在6K下测定的光致发光光谱。认为其非高斯特性是由材料中的不同相引起的。由光谱拟合获得的数值数据结果显示,它们可以认为是两种有不同结构无序化度区域的光致发光叠加的结果。这是沉积过程... 详细信息

本文报道了沉积于玻璃基板上的a-Si:H基结构在6K下测定的光致发光光谱。认为其非高斯特性是由材料中的不同相引起的。由光谱拟合获得的数值数据结果显示,它们可以认为是两种有不同结构无序化度区域的光致发光叠加的结果。这是沉积过程的问题,相当于无定形氢化硅结构性能的理想情况。

关键词： a-Si:H基结构光致发光光谱

Thermochemical Nonequilibrium 2D modeling of Nitrogen Inductively Coupled Plasma Flow

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Plasma Science and Technology 2015年第9期17卷 749-760页

作者： YU minghao Yusuke takahashi Hisashi KIHARA Ken-ichi ABE Kazuhiko YAmADA Takashi ABE Satoshi mIYATANI Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Kyushu University Division of mechanical and Space Engineering Hokkaido University Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics The University of Tokyo

Two-dimensional（2D） numerical simulations of thermochemical nonequilibrium inductively coupled plasma（ICP） flows inside a 10-kW inductively coupled plasma wind tunnel（ICPWT） were carried out with nitrogen as the working *** axisymmetric NavierStokes（N-S） equations coupled with magnetic vector potential equations were solved.A fourtemperature model including an improved electron-vibration relaxation time was used to model the internal energy exchange between electron and heavy *** third-order accuracy electron transport properties（3rd AETP） were applied to the simulations.A hybrid chemical kinetic model was adopted to model the chemical nonequilibrium *** flow characteristics such as thermal nonequilibrium,inductive discharge,effects of Lorentz force were made clear through the present *** was clarified that the thermal nonequilibrium model played an important role in properly predicting the temperature *** prediction accuracy can be improved by applying the 3rd AETP to the simulation for this ICPWT.

关键词： inductively coupled plasma nonequilibrium electron transport properties,magnetic vector potential