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强化期关怀:提高治疗依从性

国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2009年第3期4卷 132-135页

作者： G.Williams E.Alarcon S.Jittimanee m.Walusimbi m.sebek E.Berga T.S.Villa 张秀梅王雪静 International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease International Council of Nurses ministry of Public Health BangkokThailand ministry of Health KampalaUganda KNCV The HagueThe Netherlands State Agency of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases RigaLatvia Sao Paulo University

本章关注的标准是尽可能提高患者坚持按处方服药的依从性。很多人得知自己患了结核病时都非常震惊,甚至有些人拒绝接受这一事实,而另一部分人会努力了解病情和所得到的治疗。他们的反应取决于很多因素,其中包括:文化信仰,价值观,以往的... 详细信息

本章关注的标准是尽可能提高患者坚持按处方服药的依从性。很多人得知自己患了结核病时都非常震惊,甚至有些人拒绝接受这一事实,而另一部分人会努力了解病情和所得到的治疗。他们的反应取决于很多因素,其中包括:文化信仰,价值观,以往的经历,以及对该病的认识。尽管结核病在体弱人群中多发,但任何人都可能患病。对患者来讲,重要的是他们能够根据个自的情况讨论他们关心的事情。治愈结核病的关键在于患者能够得到满疗程、不间断的治疗,而这样的治疗只能通过患者和医疗服务机构双方共同努力才能够完成。必须有一个用来追踪未按约定接受治疗的患者(未按时取药患者)的系统。通过使用灵活的、创新的和个体化的方法,将获得对患者追踪的最大成功。患者已经得到的治疗和关怀必将影响他/她以后是否愿意坚持治疗。在任何情况下,应强制执行一个对未按时取药患者的追踪系统。但是,如果患者的失约率较高(超过10%),则任何追踪系统将无济于事,而必须检查整个服务系统。

关键词：关怀最佳实践治疗依从性医务工作者

关怀结核病患者最佳实践连载指南之六艾滋病合并结核病病人的艾滋病病毒检测与关怀

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2009年第2期4卷 82-86页

作者： G.Williams E.Alarcon S.Jittimanee m.Walusimbi m.sebek E.Berga T.S.Villa 王冬梅(译) 王雪静(审校) International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Pairs France International Council of Nurses Geneva Switzerland ministry of Public Health Bangkok Thailand ministry of Health Kampala Uganda KNCV The Hague The Netherlands State Agency of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Riga Latvia Sao Paulo University Sao Paulo Brazil 不详

人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染是结核病(TB)控制工作面临的最大挑战之一,结核病比其他因素更易导致HIV感染者死亡。本文涵盖了2项工作标准,即医务人员主动提供的HIV检测与咨询和对艾滋病合并结核病病人的关怀。鼓励所有既往未诊断为HIV感... 详细信息

人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染是结核病(TB)控制工作面临的最大挑战之一,结核病比其他因素更易导致HIV感染者死亡。本文涵盖了2项工作标准,即医务人员主动提供的HIV检测与咨询和对艾滋病合并结核病病人的关怀。鼓励所有既往未诊断为HIV感染的结核病人接受HIV检测;如果不这样做,病人就得不到可能需要的治疗与关怀,尤其是在获得广泛治疗的情况下,可以预防感染HIV。在为结核病人提供常规HIV检测前,对发现的艾滋病合并结核病病人应有一个明确而详细的关怀计划,包括确保病人获得这些关怀服务的具体措施。得到公认的是:为结核病人提供关怀服务的人员应确保HIV阳性者一旦完成结核病治疗后,能够转而得到适当的持续的关怀服务;而有些病人在结核病治疗期间,就需要被转介从而得到专门的艾滋病治疗与关怀服务。不管是否感染了HIV,这些标准旨在确保病人维持最佳健康状态。

关键词： HIV TB 双重感染管理

关怀结核病患者最佳实践连载指南之二活动性结核病人的鉴别

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2009年第1期4卷 30-33页

作者： G.Williams E. Alarcon S. Jittimanee m. Walusimbi m. sebek E. Berga T.S. Villa 李波(译) International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Paris France International Council of Nurses Geneva Switzerland ministry of Public Health Bangkok Thailand ministry of Health Kampala Uganda KNCV The Hague The Netherlands State Agency of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Riga Latvia SaoPaulo Umversity Sao Paulo Brazil 不详

在最佳实践指南第二章陈述的最佳实践标准中,重点讲述了鉴别活动性结核的方方面面,目的是针对与病例发现相关的一些挑战。当就诊者属于结核菌感染高危人群时,开始即与其建立一种良好的关系是非常重要的。第一项标准重点讲述如何评价某... 详细信息

在最佳实践指南第二章陈述的最佳实践标准中,重点讲述了鉴别活动性结核的方方面面,目的是针对与病例发现相关的一些挑战。当就诊者属于结核菌感染高危人群时,开始即与其建立一种良好的关系是非常重要的。第一项标准重点讲述如何评价某人是否可能患有结核病,第二项标准详细阐述如何留取用于诊断的痰标本。这些标准主要针对医务人员,因为他们要判断到卫生医疗机构的就诊者是否患有结核病。因此,他们需要熟悉与结核病有关的体征、症状及危险因素。当就诊者为疑似结核病患者时,医务人员需要确保对就诊者进行了正确的检查,并遵循了适当的流程,从而使得质量最好的痰标本被送往实验室,且所有需要填写的资料清晰和正确。可以通过准确而及时的检查报告、对每例发现病人的登记和每例需要治疗病人的治疗依从性,来验证这些标准是否被成功地应用。

关键词：最佳实践病例发现结核病

Influence of cerium ions on structure-dependent magnetic properties of Ba-Sr m-type hexaferrite nanocrystals

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第2期42卷 364-372,I0005页

作者： Ram A.Pawar Sunil m.Patange P.m.Dighe Sher Singh meena Abdullah GAl-Sehemi mehboobali Pannipara Santosh S.Jadhav Department of Physics ArtsCommerce and Science CollegeAhmednagar413711MaharashtraIndia Department of Physics Shri Krishna MahavidyalayaGunjotiDistOsmanabad413606MaharashtraIndia Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts Science and CommercePravaranagarA/P.Loni(Kd)Tal.RahataDistAhmednagar413713MaharashtraIndia Solid State Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai400085MaharashtraIndia Department of Chemistry King Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia Department of Physics D.S.M's ArtsCommerce and Science CollegeJintur431509MaharashtraIndia

The present study is a systematic effort to investigate the structure-sensitive magnetic parameters of Ce^(3+) substituted Ba-Sr hexaferrite nanocrystals chemically formulated as Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Ce_(x)Fe_(12-x)O_(19) where x=0.0-0.2 with Δx=0.05.The hexaferrite powders were prepared using the sol-gel self-ignition route and structurally characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The creation of the m-type hexaferrite phase within the synthesized samples was revealed from the Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffractograms.The occurrence of a secondary phase of CeO_(2) was revealed within the hexaferrites for the substitution,x> 0.The refined X-ray diffraction data were utilized to compute the lattice parameters,X-ray density,and lattice parameter ratio.The crystal structure plotted from the refined XRD data reveals the occupancy of the ions at different lattice sites.The XPS data of the hexaferrite were analyzed to confirm the oxidation states of the constituent elements.The nanocrystalline nature of the hexaferrites was revealed from the crystallite sizes calculated using Scherer's formula.The analysis of FTIR spectra confirms that only a fraction of Ce^(3+)accommodated in the lattice and the remaining Ce content reside in the form of the CeO_(2) phase.The morphology of the hexaferrites was analyzed from the FESEm profiles of the ferrite samples.The magnetic behavior study was performed by analyzing the Curie temperature,hysteresis loops,and hyperfine interactions by means of susceptibility,V.S.m,and mossbauer spectroscopy,respectively.The hexaferrites with increasing coercivity,decreasing saturation magnetization,and decreasing Curie temperature are reported in the study.The substituted Ce^(3+)ions inhibit the grain growth and create lattice imperfections giving rise to hexaferrites with tuned magnetic parameters suitable for different applications.

关键词： Ba-Sr hexaferrite Ce^(3+)substitution XPS Saturation magnetization Coercivity m?ssbauer spectroscopy

Frequency-dependent viscoelasticity effects on the wave attenuation performance of multi-layered periodic foundations

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 407-424页

作者： m.SAFI m.VAKILIFARD m.J.mAHmOODI Faculty of Civil Water&Environmental EngineeringShahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran Faculty of mechanical and Energy Engineering Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran

In this paper,layered periodic foundations(LPFs)are numerically examined for their responses to longitudinal and transverse modes in the time and frequency domains.Three different unit-cells,i.e.,2-layer,4-layer,and 6-layer unit-cells,comprising concrete/rubber,concrete/rubber/steel/rubber,and concrete/rubber/steel/rubber/lead/rubber materials,respectively,are taken into account.Also,the viscoelasticity behavior of the rubber is modeled with two factors,i.e.,a frequency-independent(FI)loss factor and a linear frequency-dependent(FD)loss factor.Following the extraction of the complex dispersion curves and the identification of the band gaps(BGs),the simulations of wave transmission in the time and frequency domains are performed using the COmSOL software.Subsequent parametric studies evaluate the effects of the rubber viscoelasticity models on the dispersion curves and the wave transmission for the longitudinal and transverse modes.The results show that considering the rubber viscoelasticity enhances the wave attenuation performance.moreover,the transverse-mode damping is more sensitive to the viscoelasticity model than its longitudinal counterpart.The 6-layer unit-cell LPF exhibits the lowest BG,ranging from 4.8 Hz to 6.5 Hz.

关键词： layered metamaterial periodic foundation complex dispersion curve wave transmission diagram

Engineering of efficient visible light photocatalysts:Ti_(1-x+y)Cu_(x)La_(y)O_(2)(x=0.03;y=0,0.005,0.01) compositions

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 497-505,I0003页

作者： S.m.Yakout A.m.Youssef Inorganic Chemistry Department National Research Centre(NRC)El Buhouth StDokkiCairo12622Egypt

In dye-photocatalysis, widening the wavelengths absorption range of catalysts as well as aborting the recombination of the photoexcited charge carriers(electrons-holes pairs) are of paramount significance.In the current study, we report the photocatalytic characteristics of four compositions composed of TiO_(2),Ti_(0.97)Cu_(0.03)O_(2), Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)powders for two harmful dyes(Congo red and methylene blue). The X-ray diffraction technique verified the configuration of mixed anatase and rutile phases in pure TiO_(2)and Ti_(0.97)Cu_(0.03)O_(2)powders while Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)powders possess anatase phase only. The changes of the band gap structure and dimensions of the unit cell volume of TiO_(2)confirm the substitution of Ti^(4+)sites by Cu^(2+)and La^(3+)ions. Remarkable widening of wavelengths absorption with formation of long absorption tails were found in TiO_(2)(3.13 e V) through insertion of La^(3+)plus Cu^(2+)ions. Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)samples exhibit a visible light band gap of 2.3 and 2.7 e V, respectively. Based on SEm images, incorporation of Cu^(2+)and La^(3+)ions influences the surface morphology of TiO_(2). The resulting Ti_(0.97)Cu_(0.03)O_(2), Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)powders present enhanced photocatalytic activity towards Congo red dye degradation compared to pure one under natural solar spectrum. The best Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)catalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic activity of 96% for 10 ppm CR dye in 20 min as well as above average photocatalytic efficiency of 63% for 30 ppm CR dye in 120 min. As well, it showed acceptable photodegradation activity of 52% for 30 ppm mB solution in 140 min of sunlight irradiation. The heightened photodegradation efficiency of Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)catalyst can be clarified in terms of higher charge carriers' separation(Cu^(2+)+ e-→ Cu^(+), L

关键词： Semiconductor TiO_(2) Rare earths Congo red methylene blue Solar spectrum Photodegradation

Free vibration and buckling analysis of polymeric composite beams reinforced by functionally graded bamboo fbers

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 543-562页

作者： H.m.FEIZABAD m.H.YAS Department of mechanical Engineering Razi UniversityKermanshah ***Iran

Natural fibers have been extensively researched as reinforcement materials in polymers on account of their environmental and economic advantages in comparison with synthetic fibers in the recent years.Bamboo fibers are renowned for their good mechanical properties,abundance,and short cycle growth.As beams are one of the fundamental structural components and are susceptible to mechanical loads in engineering applications,this paper performs a study on the free vibration and buckling responses of bamboo fiber reinforced composite(BFRC)beams on the elastic foundation.Three different functionally graded(FG)layouts and a uniform one are the considered distributions for unidirectional long bamboo fibers across the thickness.The elastic properties of the composite are determined with the law of mixture.Employing Hamilton’s principle,the governing equations of motion are obtained.The generalized differential quadrature method(GDQm)is then applied to the equations to obtain the results.The achieved outcomes exhibit that the natural frequency and buckling load values vary as the fiber volume fractions and distributions,elastic foundation stiffness values,and boundary conditions(BCs)and slenderness ratio of the beam change.Furthermore,a comparative study is conducted between the derived analysis outcomes for BFRC and homogenous polymer beams to examine the effectiveness of bamboo fibers as reinforcement materials,demonstrating the significant enhancements in both vibration and buckling responses,with the exception of natural frequencies for cantilever beams on the Pasternak foundation with the FG-◇fiber distribution.Eventually,the obtained analysis results of BFRC beams are also compared with those for carbon nanotube reinforced composite(CNTRC)beams found in the literature,indicating that the buckling loads and natural frequencies of BFRC beams are lower than those of CNTRC beams.

关键词： bamboo fiber free vibration buckling analysis functionally graded(FG)beam elastic foundation generalized differential quadrature method(GDQm)

Nonlinear dynamic modeling of planar moving Timoshenko beam considering non-rigid non-elastic axial effects

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 479-496页

作者： m.ABBASI GAVARI m.R.HOmAEINEZHAD Faculty of mechanical Engineering K.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehran 19991-43344Iran

Due to the importance of vibration effects on the functional accuracy of mechanical systems,this research aims to develop a precise model of a nonlinearly vibrating single-link mobile flexible manipulator.The manipulator consists of an elastic arm,a rotary motor,and a rigid carrier,and undergoes general in-plane rigid body motion along with elastic transverse deformation.To accurately model the elastic behavior,Timoshenko’s beam theory is used to describe the flexible arm,which accounts for rotary inertia and shear deformation effects.By applying Newton’s second law,the nonlinear governing equations of motion for the manipulator are derived as a coupled system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs)and partial differential equations(PDEs).Then,the assumed mode method(Amm)is used to solve this nonlinear system of governing equations with appropriate shape functions.The assumed modes can be obtained after solving the characteristic equation of a Timoshenko beam with clamped boundary conditions at one end and an attached mass/inertia at the other.In addition,the effect of the transverse vibration of the inextensible arm on its axial behavior is investigated.Despite the axial rigidity,the effect makes the rigid body dynamics invalid for the axial behavior of the arm.Finally,numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed model,and the results are compared with those obtained by the finite element approach.The comparison confirms the validity of the proposed dynamic model for the system.According to the mentioned features,this model can be reliable for investigating the system’s vibrational behavior and implementing vibration control algorithms.

关键词： planar moving Timoshenko beam non-rigid non-elastic axial effect as-sumed mode method(Amm) nonlinear motion analysis

Impact of increasing one-carbon metabolites on traumatic brain injury outcome using pre-clinical models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1728-1733页

作者： Sanika m.Joshi Theresa Currier Thomas Nafisa m.Jadavji College of Osteopathic medicine Midwestern UniversityGlendaleCAUSA Department of Biomedical Sciences Midwestern UniversityGlendaleCAUSA Department of Child Health College of Medicine–PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixAZUSA College of Veterinary medicine Midwestern UniversityGlendaleCAUSA Department of Neuroscience Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada

Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability worldwide,affecting over 69 million individuals yearly.One-carbon metabolism has been shown to have beneficial effects after brain damage,such as ischemic stroke.However,whether increasing one-carbon metabolite vitamins impacts traumatic brain injury outcomes in patients requires more investigation.The aim of this review is to evaluate how one-carbon metabolites impact outcomes after the onset of traumatic brain injury.Pubmed,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies that examined the impact of B-vitamin supplementation on traumatic brain injury outcomes.The search terms included combinations of the following words:traumatic brain injury,dietary supplementation,one-carbon metabolism,and B-vitamins.The focus of each literature search was basic science data.The year of publication in the literature searches was not limited.Our analysis of the literature has shown that dietary supplementation of B-vitamins has significantly improved the functional and behavioral recove ry of animals with traumatic brain injury compared to controls.Howeve r,this improvement is dosage-dependent and is contingent upon the onset of supplementation and whether there is a sustained or continuous delive ry of vitamin supplementation post-traumatic brain injury.The details of supplementation post-traumatic brain injury need to be further investigated.Overall,we conclude that B-vitamin supplementation improves behavioral outcomes and reduces cognitive impairment post-traumatic brain injury in animal model systems.Further investigation in a clinical setting should be stro ngly considered in co njunction with current medical treatments for traumatic brain injury-affected individuals.

关键词： folic acid nicotinamide one-carbon metabolism riboflavin traumatic brain injury vitamin B12 vitamin B2 vitamin B3