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Using passive cooling strategies to improve thermal performance and reduce energy consumption of residential buildings in U.A.E. buildings

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2014年第2期3卷 154-165页

作者： Hanan m. Taleb Faculty of Engineering British University in Dubai Dubai 502216 UAE

Passive design responds to local climate and site conditions in order to maximise the comfort and health of building users while minimising energy use. The key to designing a passive building is to take best advantage of the local climate. Passive cooling refers to any technologies or design features adopted to reduce the temperature of buildings without the need for power consumption. Consequently, the aim of this study is to test the usefulness of applying selected passive cooling strategies to improve thermal performance and to reduce energy consumption of residential buildings in hot arid climate settings, namely Dubai, United Arab Emirates. One case building was selected and eight passive cooling strategies were applied. Energy simulation software namely IES was used to assess the performance of the building. Solar shading performance was also assessed using Sun Cast Analysis, as a part of the IES software. Energy reduction was achieved due to both the harnessing of natural ventilation and the minimising of heat gain in line with applying good shading devices alongside the use of double glazing. Additionally, green roofing proved its potential by acting as an effective roof insulation. The study revealed several significant findings including that the total annual energy consumption of a residential building in Dubai may be reduced by up to 23.6% when a building uses passive cooling strategies.

关键词： Passive cooling IES software UAE houses Evaporative cooling Shading devices

Appropriate teaching and learning strategies for the architectural design process in pedagogic design studios

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2017年第2期6卷 204-217页

作者： Ashraf m. Soliman Kingdom University Riffa Bahrain Minia University Minia Egypt

The national qualification framework of a country requires a certain level of knowledge and complexity of skills for an academic degree to be recognized. For architectural programs, student workload is heavy on design courses. Therefore, each course must be carefully developed to ensure that students are not overloaded. Teaching and learning strategies have different implications for courses, which occasionally result in overloading the students. This research aims to study the three main pillars of teaching and [earning strategies for each design phase in pedagogic design studios. The most appropriate model for each teaching and [earning strategy, including a set of the three main pillars, is then identified for each design phase. A practical strategy for managing design studios is also determined. The aforementioned three pillars are as follows： teaching and learning methods, assigned tasks or study aspects, and design communication techniques. Two research methods, namely, a literature review and a survey among design educators, are adopted. The literature review examines aspects that contribute to the design process and its phases, teaching methods, design skills, communication methods, and studio management strategies. On the basis of the literature review, the background of developments and practices in the design education process are used as constructive tools to develop the survey for design educators. Through the survey, the pillars of teaching and [earning strategies that are frequently practiced in design studios are evaluated. Results of this study are classified into three ranks using the nature break classification method for numerical values. Subsequently, three priority models that correspond to teaching and learning strategies, as welt as to the required skills and capabilities, are established. A group-based strategy with an interdisciplinary approach is also determined to be the most suitable technique for managing the pedagogy of architectural

关键词： Architectural design Studio teaching Learning strategy

Rotational flow of Oldroyd-B nanofluid subject to Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion theory

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第7期41卷 1083-1094页

作者： A.HAFEEZ m.KHAN A.AHmED J.AHmED Department of mathematics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan

A nanofluid is composed of a base fluid component and nanoparticles, in which the nanoparticles are dispersed in the base fluid. The addition of nanoparticles into a base fluid can remarkably improve the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid, and such an increment of thermal conductivity can play an important role in improving the heat transfer rate of the base fluid. Further, the dynamics of non-Newtonian fluids along with nanoparticles is quite interesting with numerous industrial applications. The present predominately predictive modeling studies the flow of the viscoelastic Oldroyd-B fluid over a rotating disk in the presence of nanoparticles. A progressive amendment in the heat and concentration equations is made by exploiting the Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux expressions. The characteristic of the Lorentz force due to the magnetic field applied normal to the disk is studied. The Buongiorno model together with the Cattaneo-Christov theory is implemented in the Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow to investigate the heat and mass transport mechanism. This theory predicts the characteristics of the fluid thermal and solutal relaxation time on the boundary layer flow. The von K′arm′an similarity functions are utilized to convert the partial differential equations(PDEs) into ordinary differential equations(ODEs). A homotopic approach for obtaining the analytical solutions to the governing nonlinear problem is carried out. The graphical results are obtained for the velocity field, temperature, and concentration distributions. Comparisons are made for a limiting case between the numerical and analytical solutions, and the results are found in good agreement. The results reveal that the thermal and solutal relaxation time parameters diminish the temperature and concentration distributions, respectively. The axial flow decreases in the downward direction for higher values of the retardation time parameter. The impact of the thermophoresis parameter boosts the temperature di

关键词： Oldroyd-B nanofluid rotating disk magnetohydrodynamic(mHD) Cattaneo-Christov theory analytical solution

Coal mine entry rating system:A case study

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2021年第1期31卷 145-151页

作者： mark A.Van Dyke Ted m.Klemetti Craig Compton National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh Mining Research DivisionPittsburghPA 15236USA

Coal mines are continuously seeking to determine the performance of entries with different ground control products and installation *** are many factors that impact how an entry will perform which include but are not limited to geology,overburden,bolting type and pattern,and mine *** the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH),research has been instituted to examine the relationship of the parts of a coal mine entry as a system and not as individual *** study this relationship,the first step in this study was to create a numeric rating system that accurately reflects visual observations of the mine entry and is easy to *** researchers devised this rating system to improve upon previous ideas,offering increased flexibility which can be incorporated into an overall entry condition that offers different levels of confidence based on the user’s time devoted to the *** new entry rating system was implemented at three different mines over varying periods of time to evaluate the ground response to the geology,bolt installation pattern,stress changes by mining,overburden,and time dependency.

关键词： Coal Geology Rating system Support

The size-dependent elastohydrodynamic lubrication contact of a coated half-plane with non-Newtonian fluid

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2021年第7期42卷 915-930页

作者： Jie SU Hongxia SONG Liaoliang KE S.m.AIZIKOVICH School of mechanical Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China School of mathematical Science Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Laboratory of Functionally Graded and Composite materials Research and Education Center"Materials"Don State Technical UniversityRostov-on-Don 344000Russia

Based on the couple-stress theory,the elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL)contact is analyzed with a consideration of the size *** lubricant between the contact surface of a homogeneous coated half-plane and a rigid punch is supposed to be the non-Newtonian *** density and viscosity of the lubricant are dependent on fluid *** of film thickness,in-plane stress,and fluid pressure are calculated by solving the nonlinear fluid-solid coupled equations with an iterative *** effects of the punch radius,size parameter,coating thickness,slide/roll ratio,entraining velocity,resultant normal load,and stiffness ratio on lubricant film thickness,in-plane stress,and fluid pressure are *** results demonstrate that fluid pressure and film thickness are obviously dependent on the size parameter,stiffness ratio,and coating thickness.

关键词： elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL) non-Newtonian fluid size effect couple-stress theory coating

High Performance In Vivo Near-IR (>1 μm) Imaging and Photothermal Cancer Therapy with Carbon Nanotubes

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Nano Research 2010年第11期3卷 779-793页

作者： Joshua T.Robinson Kevin Welsher Scott m.Tabakman Sarah P.Sherlock Hailiang Wang Richard Luong Hongjie Dai Department of Chemistry Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Comparative medicine Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305USA

Short single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)functionalized by PEGylated phospholipids are biologically non-toxic and long-circulating nanomaterials with intrinsic near infrared photoluminescence(NIR PL),characteristic Raman spectra,and strong optical absorbance in the near infrared(NIR).This work demonstrates the first dual application of intravenously injected SWNTs as photoluminescent agents for in vivo tumor imaging in the 1.0-1.4μm emission region and as NIR absorbers and heaters at 808 nm for photothermal tumor elimination at the lowest injected dose(70μg of SWNT/mouse,equivalent to 3.6 mg/kg)and laser irradiation power(0.6 W/cm2)reported to *** vivo resonance Raman imaging revealed the SWNT distribution within tumors at a high spatial *** tumor elimination was achieved for large numbers of photothermally treated mice without any toxic side effects after more than six months ***,side-by-side experiments were carried out to compare the performance of SWNTs and gold nanorods(AuNRs)at an injected dose of 700μg of AuNR/mouse(equivalent to 35 mg/kg)in NIR photothermal ablation of tumors in *** effective tumor elimination with SWNTs was achieved at 10 times lower injected doses and lower irradiation powers than for *** results suggest there are significant benefits of utilizing the intrinsic properties of biocompatible SWNTs for combined cancer imaging and therapy.

关键词： Photothermal cancer SWNT imaging treatment

On vibration analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced magneto-electro-elastic plates with different electro-magnetic conditions using higher order finite element methods

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第1期17卷 287-303页

作者： m.Vinyas D.Harursampath S.C.Kattimani Nonlinear multifunctional Composites Analysis and Design(NmCAD)Laboratory Department of Aerospace EngineeringIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore560012India Department of mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkal575025India

This article deals with evaluating the frequency response of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced magneto-electro-elastic(FG-CNTmEE)plates subjected to open and closed electro-magnetic circuit *** this regard finite element formulation has been *** plate kinematics adjudged via higher order shear deformation theory(HSDT)is considered for *** equations of motion are obtained with the help of Hamilton’s principle and solved using condensation *** is found that the convergence and accuracy of the present FE formulation is very good to address the vibration problem of FG-CNTmEE *** the first time,frequency response analysis of FG-CNTmEE plates considering the effect of various circuit conditions associated with parameters such as CNT distributions,volume fraction,skew angle,aspect ratio,length-to-thickness ratio and coupling fields has been carried *** results of this article can serve as benchmark for future development and analysis of smart structures.

关键词： Carbon nanotube magneto-electro-elastic Higher order shear deformation theory Coupled frequency Electro-magnetic conditions

Development and characterization of photovoltaic tandemjunction nanowires using electron-beam-induced current measurements

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Nano Research 2022年第9期15卷 8510-8515页

作者： Lukas Hrachowina Enrique Barrigón magnus T.Borgström NanoLund and Divison of Solid State Physics Lund UniversityBox 11822100 LundSweden Universidad de málaga Andalucía TechDepartamento de Física Aplicada ⅠCampus de Teatinoss/nMálaga 29071Spain

Nanowires have many interesting properties that are of advantage for solar cells,such as the epitaxial combination of latticemismatched materials without plastic *** could be utilized for the synthesis of axial tandem-junction nanowire solar cells with high efficiency at low material ***-beam-induced current measurements have been used to optimize the performance of single-junction nanowire solar ***,we use electron-beam-induced current measurements to break the barrier to photovoltaic tandem-junction *** particular,we identify and subsequently prevent the occurrence of a parasitic junction when combining an InP n-i-p junction with a tunnel ***,we demonstrate how to use optical and electrical biases to individually measure the electron-beam-induced current of both sub-cells of photovoltaic tandem-junction *** show that with an applied voltage in forward direction,all junctions can be analyzed *** development of this characterization technique enables further optimization of tandem-junction nanowire solar cells.

关键词： Ⅲ-Ⅴnanowire nanowire solar cell tandem-junction Esaki tunnel diode electron-beam induced current(EBIC)

Effects of forced aeration on community dynamics of free and attached bacteria in copper sulphide ore bioleaching

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International Journal of minerals,metallurgy and materials 2022年第1期29卷 59-69页

作者： Wei Chen Shenghua Yin I.m.S.K.Ilankoon Key Laboratory of ministry of Education for High-Efficient mining and Safety of metal University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Civil and Resource Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Discipline of Chemical Engineering School of EngineeringMonash UniversityJalan Lagoon SelatanBandar SunwaySelangor Darul Ehsan 47500Malaysia

Bacterial community dynamics and copper leaching with applied forced aeration were investigated during low-grade copper sulphide bioleaching to obtain better bioleaching *** illustrated that appropriate aeration improved bacterial concentrations and leaching *** highest bacterial concentration and Cu^(2+)concentration after 14-d leaching were 7.61×10^(7) cells·mL^(−1) and 704.9 mg·L^(−1),respectively,at aeration duration of 4 h·d^(−1).The attached bacteria played a significant role during bioleaching from 1 to 7 ***,free bacteria dominated the bioleaching processes from 8 to 14 *** phenomenon was mainly caused by the formation of passivation layer through Fe3+hydrolysis along with bioleaching,which inhibited the contact between the attached bacteria and ***,16S rDNA analysis verified the effect of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans on the bioleaching *** results demonstrate the importance of free and attached bacteria in bioleaching.

关键词： attached bacteria bioleaching forced aeration free bacteria low-grade copper sulphide ore