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Progress towards onchocerciasis elimination in the participating countries of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control: epidemiological evaluation results

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 557-581页

作者： Afework h.Tekle honorath G.m.Zouré mounkaila Noma michel Boussinesq Luc E.Coffeng Wilma A.Stolk Jan h.F.Remme African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control OuagadougouBurkina Faso Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD) MontpellierFrance Department of Public health Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands 120 rue des Campanules OrnexFrance

Background:The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control(APOC)was created in 1995 to establish community-directed treatment with ivermectin(CDTi)in order to control onchocerciasis as a public health problem in 20 African countries that had 80%of the global disease *** research showed that CDTi may ultimately eliminate onchocerciasis infection,APOC was given in 2008 the additional objective to determine when and where treatment can be safely *** report the results of epidemiological evaluations undertaken from 2008 to 2014 to assess progress towards elimination in CDTi areas with≥6 years ***:Skin snip surveys were undertaken in samples of first-line villages to determine the prevalence of *** *** were two evaluation *** decline in prevalence was evaluated in phase *** and model-predicted prevalences were compared after correcting for endemicity level and treatment *** statistics and monte Carlo simulation were used to classify the decline in prevalence as faster than predicted,on track or *** the prevalence approached elimination levels,phase 1B was launched to determine if treatment could be safely *** sampling was extended to the whole CDTi *** data were analysed within a Bayesian framework to determine if stopping criteria(overall prevalencemaximum stratum prevalencehase 1A 127665 people from 639 villages in 54 areas were *** prevalence had fallen *** decline in prevalence was faster than predicted in 23 areas,on track in another 23 and delayed in eight *** phase 1B 108636 people in 392 villages were examined in 22 areas of which 13 met the epidemiological criteria for stopping ***,32 areas(25.4 million people)had reached or were close to elimination,18 areas(17.4 million)were on track but required more years treatment,and in eight areas(10.4 million)progress was unsatisfactory.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Ivermectin APOC Elimination Community-directed treatment ONChOSIm

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DARKENERGY

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Chinese Physics C 2016年第10期40卷 402-410页

作者： D. h. Weinberg m. White m. J. mortonson OSU UCB LBL

27.1. Repulsive Gravity and Cosmic Acceleration In the first modern cosmological model, Einstein [1] modified his field equation of General Relativity （GR）, introducing a ＂cosmological term＂ that enabled a solution with time-independent, spatially homogeneous matter density pm and constant positive space curvature. Although Einstein did not frame it this way, one can view the ＂cosmological constant＂ A as representing a constant energy density of the vacuum [2], whose repulsive gravitational effect balances the attractive gravity of matter and thereby allows a static solution. After the development of dynamic cosmological models [3,4] and the discovery of cosmic expansion [5], the cosmological term appeared unnecessary, and Einstein and de Sitter [6] advocated adopting an expanding, homogeneous and isotropic, spatially flat, matter-dominated universe as the default cosmology until observations dictated otherwise.

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Performance Evaluation of a Bilayer SPR-Based Fiber Optic RI Sensor With TiO2 Using FDTD Solutions

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Photonic Sensors 2014年第4期4卷 289-294页

作者： Yusser AL-QAZWINI A. S. m. NOOR T. K. YADAV m. h. YAACOB S. W. hARUN m. A. mAhDI Research Centre of Excellence for Wireless and Photonics Networks (WiPNET) Faculty of Engineering UniversitiPutra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

We proposed a new bilayer surface plasmon resonance-based fiber-optic refractive index sensor with silver and an over-layer of TiO2. We numerically investigated the optimal thickness of TiO2 over-layer in the proposed sensor and compared its performance to that based on typical bimetallic layers of silver-and-gold in the aqueous media using finite-difference time domain approach. We show that the use of TiO2 over-layer greatly improves the sensor performance in terms of sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio compared to that with gold as the over-layer. Not only does the TiO2 over-layer offer a cost-effective alternative to gold for overcoming the oxidation problem, but also it allows resonance wavelength-tunability.

关键词： Bilayer surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber optic sensor refractive index (RI) finite-differencetime domain (FDTD)

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Effect of icosahedral clusters on β-relaxations in metallic glasses

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第1期26卷 86-90页

作者： X Q Gao Y T Sun Z Wang m Z Li h Y Bai Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Department of Physics Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China

The most pronounced β-relaxation was found in the Y-based binary metallic glasses（mGs）. The correlation betweenβ-relaxation and local atomic structure was studied. The dynamic mechanical measurements were performed for three chosen binary systems： Zr-, Ti-, and Y-based mGs. The experimental results show that, in each system,the larger negative enthalpy of mixing（？hm） between the component elements makes β-relaxation become more pronounced. The less negative value of ？hm facilitates the formation of icosahedral clusters, which have a pinning effect on the excitation of β-relaxations and correspondingly make the β-relaxation become less pronounced. These chemical effects on β-relaxations can only be compared in the same mG system, and it is not suitable for the comparison between different systems due to the different features of the major metallic elements.

关键词： metallic glass β-relaxation enthalpy of mixing icosahedral clusters

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Q-Switched Raman Fiber Laser with molybdenum Disulfide-Based Passive Saturable Absorber

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Chinese Physics Letters 2016年第7期33卷 98-101页

作者： N.hisamuddin U.N.Zakaria m.Z.Zulkifli A.A.Latiff h.Ahmad S.W.harun Photonics Research Center University of Malaya Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Malaya Aston Institute of Photonics Technologies Aston University

We demonstrate a Q-switched Raman fiber laser using molybdenum disulfide （moS2） as a saturable absorber （SA）. The SA is assembled by depositing a mechanically exfoliated moS2 onto a fiber ferrule facet before it is matched with another clean ferrule via a connector. It is inserted in a Raman fiber laser cavity with a total cavity length of about 8kin to generate a Q-switching pulse train operating at 1560.2nm. A 7.7-kin-long dispersion compensating fiber with 584 ***-i km-1 of dispersion is used as a nonlinear gain medium. As the pump power is increased from 395 m W to 422 m W, the repetition rate of the Q-switching pulses can be increased from 132.7 to 137.4 khz while the pulse width is concurrently decreased from 3.35μs to 3.03μs. The maximum pulse energy of 54.3 nJ is obtained at the maximum pump power of 422 roW. These results show that the mechanically exfoliated moS2 SA has a great potential to be used for pulse generation in Raman fiber laser systems.

关键词： of with SA Q-Switched Raman Fiber Laser with molybdenum Disulfide-Based Passive Saturable Absorber is in for been that

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Synthesis of nickel aluminate nanoceramic compound from aluminum and nickel carbonate by mechanical alloying with subsequent annealing

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Transactions of Nonferrous metals Society of China 2016年第11期26卷 2910-2915页

作者： m.JAVANmARDI R.EmADI h.AShRAFI Department of materials Engineering Isfahan University of Technology

The aim of present work was to produce pure nickel aluminate （NiAl2O4） nanoceramic compound by high energy millingof nickel carbonate （NiCO3） and aluminum （Al） powders followed by annealing. Phase composition, thermal behavior, morphologyand microstructure of powder samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter,thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that formationof NiAl2O4 spinel compound from NiCO3 and Al powders took place in three steps： oxidation of Al to Al2O3, decomposition ofNiCO3 to NiO and CO2, and finally the solid state reaction between Al2O3 and NiO. It was also demonstrated that single phaseNiAl2O4 spinel compound can be produced by 5 h of mechanical milling with subsequent annealing of NiCO3/Al mixture at 900 Cfor 2 h, which is 冾 500 C lower than the temperatures used in the traditional solid state methods. The particle diameter of theproduced NiAl2O4 spinel compound was found to be less than 100 nm as measured by transmission electron microscopy.

关键词： nickel aluminate nanoceramic ball-milling annealing

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Effect of Egyptian propolis on cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed rats with special emphasis on oocysts shedding,leukogram,protein profile and ileum histopathology

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2017年第3期10卷 240-248页

作者： hamdy Soufy Nadia m.El-Beih Soad m.Nasr Tamer h.Abd El-Aziz Fathia A.m.Khalil Youssef F.Ahmed hala A.A.Abou Zeina Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases National Research Centre Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination National Research Centre

Objective:To investigate the activity of Egyptian propolis extracts(ethanol and water)on cryptosporidiosis in experimentally infected dexamethasone-immunosuppressed ***:A total of 180 male rats(190-220)g BWt were randomly divided into 9 equal groups(G1-G9).Groups of rats were kept as(G1):normal control,(G2-G9):immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and(G3-G9):infected with Cryptosporidium *** from(G4to G9)were given orally ethanol and water extract of propolis(at a dose of 50 mg/kg BWt)and nitazoxanide(standard anti-cryptosporidial drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg BWt)to infected rats with different *** pellets were collected from all groups to monitor oocysts shedding from the 2nd to the 15th day post *** the end of the experiment,blood was collected from all groups for determination of leukogram and serum *** specimens were also examined ***:The highest reduction of oocysts shedding in faecal samples was 88%in rats prophylactically treated with propolis ethanol extract at the 4th dpi,and in rats prophylactically treated with water extract of propolis,was91%at the 6th *** was a marked increase in neutrophils count and α_2-andβ-globulins levels in infected rats treated with both extracts,while a significant decrease was detected in lymphocytes compared to the infected non treated group.β-globulin level markedly increased in the rats administered *** changes were observed in the ileum of rats infected with ***:Egyptian propolis extracts have an activity on cryptosporidiosis in ***,propolis modulated the immunity in dexamethasone-immunosuppressed rats.

关键词： Cryptosporidiosis Propolis Rat model Leukogram Serum proteins histopathology

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文献快报(5):社交媒体使用消极体验而非使用时长增加青少年自杀意念

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中国学校卫生 2024年第5期45卷 614-614页

作者： hAmILTON J LDALACK m BOYD S I 李琪(编译) Department of Psychology Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA. Department of Psychology George Washington University Washington DC USA. Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA.

社交媒体使用与青少年自杀风险的关联受到广泛关注。匹兹堡大学David教授领衔的团队在美国各地招募了60名青少年进行了为期8周的监测,通过每日3次生态瞬时评估询问青少年社交媒体使用相关的消极体验(如感到焦虑)、积极体验(如受到鼓励)... 详细信息

社交媒体使用与青少年自杀风险的关联受到广泛关注。匹兹堡大学David教授领衔的团队在美国各地招募了60名青少年进行了为期8周的监测,通过每日3次生态瞬时评估询问青少年社交媒体使用相关的消极体验(如感到焦虑)、积极体验(如受到鼓励)及自杀意念,首次通过密集监测设计探讨青少年社交媒体体验与自杀意念间的关联,结果显示,频繁经历消极的社交媒体体验的青少年更可能报告自杀意念,而积极的社交媒体体验与自杀意念报告率降低有关。此外,未发现社交媒体的使用时间(视屏时间)与自杀意念间的显著关联。研究提示社交媒体经历可能是青少年自杀可修饰的风险因素,未来的研究应将增强青少年社交媒体的积极体验感作为改善青少年心理健康和预防自杀的目标,而不仅仅是限制视屏时间。

关键词：社交媒体匹兹堡大学自杀意念青少年自杀积极体验青少年心理健康监测设计消极体验

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Calculation of Exchange Constants in Spinels Chromites ZnxCo1-xCr2O4

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Chinese Physics Letters 2014年第3期31卷 164-168页

作者： R. masrour m. hamedoun A. Benyoussef E. K. hlil O. mounkachi h. El moussaoui Laboratory of materials Processes Environment and Quality Cady Ayyed University National School of Applied Sciences Safi BP 46 63000 Morocco LmPhE URAC 12 Faculté des Sciences Université Mohamed V-Agdal Rabat Morocco Institute for Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies MAScIR Rabat Morocco Academie hassan II des Sciences et Techniques Rabat Morocco Institut Néel CNRS-UJF B.P. 166 38042 Grenoble Cedex France

The exchange interactions of the nearest-neighbor exchange constant between tetrahedral and octahedral sublattices （JAB（x））, nearest-neighbor exchange constant inside tetrahedral sublattice （JAA（x）） and nearest-neighbor exchange constant inside octahedral sublattice （JBB（x）） in cobalt and zinc chromites are calculated using the probability distribution. The Curie–Weiss temperature and the critical temperature are deduced using the mean field and the high temperature series expansion theories in ZnxCo1？xCr2O4. The critical exponent associated with the magnetic susceptibility （γ） is deduced for CoCr2O4.

关键词： Probability distributions

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Q-switched Er-doped fiber laser with low pumping threshold using graphene saturable absorber

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Chinese Optics Letters 2014年第9期12卷 49-53页

作者： R.Z.R.R.Rosdin F.Ahmad N.m.Ali S.W.harun h.Arof Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya Department of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

We propose a Q-switched Er-doped fiber laser （EDFL） with a threshold pumping power as low as 7.4 mW, and demonstrate using graphene polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） thin film as a passive saturable absorber （SA）. The SA is fabricated from graphene flakes, which is synthesized by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite at room temperature in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution. The flakes are mixed with PVA solution to produce a thin film, which is then sandwiched between two ferrules to form a SA and integrated in the EDFL ring cavity to generate a stable Q-switched pulse train. The pulse train operates at 1560 nm with a threshold pump power of 7.4 roW. At maximum 1480 nm pump power of 33.0 roW, the EDFL generates an optical pulse train with a repetition rate of 27.0 khz and pulse width of 3.56/as. The maximum pulse energy of 39.4 nJ is obtained at a pump power of 14.9 roW. This laser can be used as a simple and low-cost light source for metrology, environmental sensing, and biomedical diagnostics.

关键词： SA Q-switched Er-doped fiber laser with low pumping threshold using graphene saturable absorber

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