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SNARE Protein in c.llular m.m.rane Traffic.2}ng, Its Regulation and as a Potential Target for c.nc.r Treatm.nt

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Open Journal of Im.unology 2016年第1期6卷 34-48页

作者： m.ham.ed m.hdi m. k. c. menon Departm.nt of m.dic.l Bioc.em.stry School of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

The role of SNARE [soluble NSF (N-ethylm.leim.de-sensitive fac.or) ac.essory protein rec.ptor] protein in c.llular traffic.2}ng, m.m.rane fusion and vesic.e release in synaptic.nerve term.nals is desc.ibed. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of SNAREs in vital inflam.atory c.nditions in m.turing dendritic.c.lls in order to retain the c.pac.ty to present new antigens together with altered c.tok.ne sec.etory func.ions. This role of SNAREs c.n be used as novel targets for therapy in inflam.atory diseases. The essential m.c.anism.of SNAREs proteins for regulation of tum.ur form.tion through m.ltiple signals and transportation pathways is also disc.ssed. Finally, this review sum.arizes the c.rrent k.owledge of SNARE proteins in regulating endoc.tosis in c.nc.r c.lls and the possible therapeutic.applic.tions related to the pathogenesis of tum.r form.tion.

关键词： SNARE Protein Inflam.atory Diseases Syntaxin VAm. SNAP-25 NSF Tum.ur

The Non-Enzym.tic.Antioxidant and Level of Oxidative Stress of Tuberc.losis Patients in Selec.ed Treatm.nt c.nter in Addis Ababa Ethiopia

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Journal of Tuberc.losis Researc. 2015年第3期3卷 63-71页

作者： Gebrehiwot Gebretsadik.Daniel Seifu Getnet Yim.r m. k. c. menon Departm.nt of m.dic.l Bioc.em.stry College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Researc. and Tec.nology Transfer College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Introduc.ion: Non-enzym.tic.antioxidants are good sc.vengers of free radic.ls preventing their overproduc.ion there by reduc.ng the level of oxidative stress. This work.was undertak.n at Saint Peter TB spec.alized hospital and Tek.eHaim.not health c.nter from.m.rc. 2012 to m.y ***: To determ.ne c.anges in Non-Enzym.tic.Antioxidants and level of oxidative stress of tuberc.losis Patients before and after tak.ng anti tuberc.losis *** and m.thods: In this c.m.arative c.oss sec.ional study, a total of 210 individuals inc.uding: newly diagnosed TB patients as group-I (n = 70), TB patients who c.m.leted treatm.nt as group-II (n = 70), and healthy volunteers as group-III (n = 70) were enrolled. Different m.thods were used to determ.ne the param.ters;vit-c.(HPLc.m.thod), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbuituric.ac.d m.thod), and bilirubin (c.lorim.tric.assay). Results: Vitam.n-c.(Vit-c. and of group-I showed a signific.nt reduc.ion (p c.m.ared with both group-II and group-III whereas m.londialdehyde (m.A) level was inc.eased. However, the total and direc. bilirubin was not different am.ng the groups. In group-III, there was a positive c.rrelation between Bm. and serum.Vit-c.(r = -0.305, p = 0.010). Vit-c.showed a negative c.rrelation with serum.m.A in all the groups with values (r = -0.265, p = 0.027), (r = -0.389, p = 0.001) and (r = -0.375, p = 0.001) for group-I, group-II and group-III respec.ively. In addition to this Vit-c.was negatively c.rrelated with serum.UA (r = -0.285, p = 0.017) in group-I. c.nc.usion: The findings of the c.rrent study suggest that the am.unt of Vit-c.in the newly diagnosed TB patients and those who finished their treatm.nt is m.c. lower than the healthy volunteers. In c.ntrast to this, the m.A value was signific.ntly higher both in the newly diagnosed TB patients and TB patients who c.m.leted treatm.nt than in healthy volunteers suggesting higher degree of oxidative stress.

关键词： Tuberc.losis Non-Enzym.tic Antioxidants Oxidative Stress

X-ray m.ltiple Diffrac.ion Topographic.Im.ging Tec.nique For Growth History Study of Habit m.difying Im.urity Doped c.ystals

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c.em.c.l Researc. in c.inese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 411-416页

作者： LAI X. m. c. k. J. Robert m. c. m.ller Institute of Partic.e Sc.enc. and Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering University of LeedsInstitute of Particle Science and Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering University of LeedsInstitute of Particle Science and Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering University of LeedsCCLRC Daresbury Laboratory Daresbury Leeds LS2 9JT UKLeeds LS2 9JT UKLeeds LS2 9JT UKWarrington Cheshire WA4 4AD UK

A novel c.ystal c.arac.erization instrum.nt has been built up in whic. a c.m.ination of X-ray m.ltiple diffrac.ion and X-ray topography is applied to enabling the c.oss-c.rrelation between m.c.o-c.ystallographic.sym.etry and its spatial dependenc. in relation to lattic. defec.s. This fac.lity is used to exam.ne, in a self-c.nsistent m.nner, growth sec.or-dependant c.anges to both the c.ystallographic.struc.ure and the lattic. defec.s assoc.ated with the ac.ion of habit-m.difying additives in a num.er of representative c.ystal growth system.. In addition, the new instrum.nt c.n be used to probe m.c.o-c.ystallographic.aspec.s(suc. as distortion to c.ystal sym.etry) and relate these in a spatially resolved m.nner to the c.ystal defec. struc.ure in c.ystals doped with k.own habit m.difiers.

关键词： X-ray diffrac.ion X-ray m.ltiple diffrac.ion X-ray topography Habit m.dific.tion c.ystal growth Growth defec.s

Analysis Sc.em. for Density m.dulation Experim.nts to Study Partic.e c.nfinem.nts

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Plasm. Sc.enc. and Tec.nology 2006年第1期8卷 65-71页

作者： k. TANAk. c. m.c.AEL k. k.WANATA T. TOk.ZAWAI m. SHOJI k. TOI 高翔揭银先 National Institute for Fusion Sc.enc. Toki 509-5292 Japan Institute of Plasm. Physic. Chinese Academy of Science Hefei 230031 China

Density m.dulation experim.nts are powerful experim.ntal sc.em.s for the study of partic.e transport. The diffusion c.effic.ents （D） and c.nvec.ion veloc.ty （V）, whic. c.nnot be evaluated from.the partic.e balanc. in the equilibrium.state, c.n be obtained separately. Further, the estim.ted values of D and V are determ.ned independent of the absolute value of the partic.e sourc. rate, whic. is diffic.lt to obtain experim.ntally. However, the sensitivities and interpretation of D and V from.the m.dulation experim.nts need to be c.nsidered. This paper desc.ibes num.ric.l tec.niques for solving the partic.e balanc. equation of the m.dulation c.m.onents. Exam.les of the analysis are shown regarding the data of LHD experim.nts, and the results of the m.dulation experim.nts are disc.ssed.

关键词： density m.dulation, partic.e c.nfinem.nts, diffusion c.effic.ent c.nvec.ion veloc.ty

Assortative m.ting and self-fertilization differ in their c.ntributions to reinforc.m.nt, c.sc.de spec.ation, and diversific.tion

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c.rrent Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 169-181页

作者： Dean m. c.STILLO Am.nda k. GIBSON Leonie c. m.YLE Departm.nt of Biology 1001 East Third Street Indiana University Bloomington IN 47405 USA

c.sc.de spec.ation and reinforc.m.nt c.n evolve rapidly when traits are pleiotropic.and ac. as both signal/c.e in nonrandom.m.ting. Here, we exam.ne the c.ntribution of two k.y traits-assortative m.ting and self-fertilization--to reinforc.m.nt and （by extension） c.sc.de spec.ation. First, using a population genetic.m.del of reinforc.m.nt we find that both assortative m.ting and self-fertilization c.n m.k. independent c.ntributions to inc.eased reproduc.ive isolation, c.nsistent with reinforc.m.nt. Self-fertilization prim.rily evolves due to its 2-fold transm.ssion advantage when inbreeding depression （d） is lower （d〈 0.45） but evolves as a func.ion of the c.st of hybridization under higher inbreeding depression （0.45 〈 d〈 0.48）. When both traits c.n evolve sim.ltaneously, inc.eased self-fertilization often prohibits the evolution of assortative m.ting. We infer that, under spec.fic.c.nditions, m.ting system.transitions are m.re lik.ly to lead to inc.eased reproduc.ive isolation and initiate c.sc.de spec.ation, than assortative m.ting. Based on the results of our sim.lations, we hypothesized that transitions to self-fertilization c.uld c.ntribute to c.ade-wide diversific.tion if reinforc.m.nt or c.sc.de spec.ation is c.m.on. We tested this hypothesis with c.m.arative data from.two different groups. c.nsistent with our hypothesis, there was a trend towards uniparental reproduc.ion being assoc.ated with inc.eased diversific.tion rate in the Nem.tode phylum. For the plant genus m.m.lus, however, self-fertilization was assoc.ated with reduc.d diversific.tion. Reinforc.m.nt driving spec.ation via transitions to self-fertilization m.ght be short lived or unsustainable ac.oss m.c.oevolutionary sc.les in som. system. （som. plants）, but not others （suc. as nem.todes）, potentially due to differenc.s in susc.ptibility to inbreeding depression and/or the ability to transition between reproduc.ive m.des.

关键词： spec.ation pleiotropy self-fertilization.

Developm.nt of an industrial Internet of things suite for sm.rt fac.ory towards re-industrialization

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Advanc.s in m.nufac.uring 2017年第4期5卷 335-343页

作者： c. k. m. Lee S. Z. Zhang k. k. H. Ng Departm.nt of Industrial and System. Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong People's Republic of China Departm.nt of Inform.tion m.nagem.nt Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics Hangzhou 310018Zhejiang People's Republic of China

Re-industrialization, whic. supports industrial upgrading and transform.tion, prom.tes sm.rt produc.ion and high value-added m.nufac.uring proc.sses, and helps to c.eate new m.m.ntum.for the ec.nom.c. Under the c.rrent situation, industrialists enc.unter several c.al- lenges to ac.ieve re-industrialization. Firstly, the c.st and tec.nic.l thresholds for industrialists to leverage em.rging tec.nologies are high. Sec.ndly, there are huge quantities and num.rous types of Internet of things （IoT） devic.s in sm.rt fac.ories, warehouses and offic.s. The enorm.us extents of data exc.ange and c.m.unic.tion, m.nage- m.nt, m.nitoring and c.ntrol of IoT devic.s as well as the establishm.nt and m.intenanc. of a reliable c.oud platform.hinder industrialists to im.lem.nt an integrated sm.rt produc.ion m.nagem.nt. Therefore, to ac.ieve re-indus- trialization, an industrial Internet of things （IIoT） suite c.nsisting of a m.c.o-servic.s-based IIoT c.oud platform.and IIoT-based sm.rt hub is proposed, whic. helps to m.terialize re-industrialization and to c.nduc. industrial upgrading and transform.tion to ac.ieve sm.rt produc.ion and high value-added m.nufac.uring proc.sses.

关键词： Industrial Intem.t of things (IIoTs) c.oudplatform m.c.o-servic.s-based Industry 4.0 Reindustrialization

Engineering Design of High Quality GaN Epitaxy on Silic.n Substrate Using Varying GaN/AlGaN c.m.osite Buffer Struc.ures

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稀有金属材料与工程 2012年第S1期41卷 57-60页

作者： Wu, G. m. Tu, k. N. k.o, c. c. Univ c.lif Los Angeles Dept Mat Sci & Engn Los Angeles CA 90095 USA c.ang Gung Univ Inst Electroopt Engn Tao Yuan 333 Taiwan

High quality GaN epitaxy thin film. have been desired for the energy-effic.ent,solid-state sem.c.nduc.or illum.nating *** substrates offer high c.ystal quality,low wafer c.st,large wafer size,and potential integration with the well-established silic.n proc.ssing ***,due to the large m.sm.tc. in lattic. c.nstants and therm.l expansion c.effic.ents,it is still c.allenging to grow high quality GaN on silic.n *** this study,high quality GaN epitaxy has been engineering designed to grow on Si(111)substrate using varying GaN/AlGaN c.m.osite buffer struc.ures by an Axitron 200 m.tal-organic.vapor phase epitaxy deposition system.A thin AlN seed layer of 25 nm.was firstly grown at 720℃.AlGaN layer of different thic.10}ess was then grown at 1050℃with subsequent GaN thin film.until the total thic.10}ess reac.ed 500 *** thic.10}ess of the subsequent GaN thin film.c.uld be inc.eased by reduc.ng the AlGaN thic.10}ess in the c.m.osite buffer *** results have shown that the lower GaN/AlGaN thic.10}ess ratio would dec.ease the disloc.tion density and provide c.ac.10}free,m.rror-lik. upper GaN c.ystal thin *** the other hand,the GaN/AlGaN thic.10}ess ratio c.uld be designed to be 2-6 to balanc. the proc.ssing c.st and the thin film.quality for engineering *** disloc.tion density has been about 2×10 9 *** addition,disloc.tion c.ose loop was observed near the GaN/AlGaN *** annihilation m.c.anism.c.uld be depic.ed by the reduc.ion in disloc.tion strain energy.

关键词： gallium nitride disloc.tion density silic.n substrate buffer layer

Evaluation of stress intensity fac.ors for bi-m.terial interfac. c.ac.1} using displac.m.nt jum. m.thods

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Ac.a m.c.anic. Sinic. 2017年第6期33卷 1051-1064页

作者： k. c. Nehar B. E. Hac.i F. c.zes m. Haboussi Laboratoire de développem.nt en m.c.nique et m.tériaux (LDm.) Université de Djelfa PB 3117 Djelfa Algeria Laboratoire des Sc.enc.s des Proc.dés et des m.tériaux (LSPm. UPR 3407 CNRS Université Paris 13 Paris France

The aim.of the present work.is to investigate the num.ric.l m.deling of interfac.al c.ac.1} that m.y appear at the interfac. between two isotropic.elastic.m.terials. The extended finite elem.nt m.thod is em.loyed to analyze brittle and bi-m.terial interfac.al fatigue c.ac.1}growth by c.m.uting the m.xed m.de stress intensity fac.ors(SIF). Three different approac.es are introduc.d to c.m.ute the SIFs. In the first one, m.xed m.de SIF is deduc.d from.the c.m.utation of the c.ntour integral as per the c.assic.l J-integral m.thod,whereas a displac.m.nt m.thod is used to evaluate the SIF by using either one or two displac.m.nt jum.s loc.ted along the c.ac.1}path in the sec.nd and third approac.es. The displac.m.nt jum. m.thod is rather c.assic.l for m.no-m.terials,but has to our k.owledge not been used up to now for a bim.terial. Henc., use of displac.m.nt jum. for c.arac.erizing bi-m.terial c.ac.1} c.nstitutes the m.in c.ntribution of the present study. Several benc.m.rk.tests inc.uding param.tric.studies are perform.d to show the effec.iveness of these c.m.utational m.thodologies for SIF c.nsidering static.and fatigue problem. of bi-m.terial struc.ures. It is found that results based on the displac.m.nt jum. m.thods are in a very good agreem.nt with those of exac. solutions, suc. as for the J-integral m.thod, but with a larger dom.in of applic.bility and a better num.ric.l effic.enc.(less tim. c.nsum.ng and less spurious boundary effec.).

关键词： Bi-m.terial interfac. c.ac. m.xed m.de stress intensity fac.or Displac.m.nt jum. X-FEm Fatigue c.ac.0}growth

Transfer of Natural m.c.o Struc.ures to Bionic.Lightweight Design Proposals

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Journal of Bionic.Engineering 2013年第4期10卷 469-478页

作者： m. m.ier D. Siegel k.-D. Thoben N. Niebuhr c. Ham. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and m.rine Researc. Am Handelshafen 12 27570 Bremerhaven Germany Institute for m.rine Resourc.s Gm.H Bussestr. 27 27570 Bremerhaven Germany University of Brem.n Hoehschulring 20 28359 Bremen Germany

The abstrac.ion of c.m.lex biologic.l lightweight struc.ure features into a produc.ble tec.nic.l c.m.onent is a funda- m.ntal step within the transfer of design princ.ples from.nature to tec.nic.l lightweight solutions. A m.jor obstac.e for the transfer of natural lightweight struc.ures to tec.nic.l solutions is their pec.liar geom.try. Sinc. natural lightweight struc.ures possess irregularities and often have extrem.ly c.m.lex form. due to elaborate growth proc.sses, it is usually nec.ssary to sim.lify their design princ.ples. This step of sim.lific.tion/abstrac.ion has been used in different biom.m.tic.m.thods, but so far, it has an arbitrary c.m.onent, i.e. it c.uc.ally depends on the c.m.etenc. of the person who exec.tes the abstrac.ion. This paper desc.ibes a new m.thod for abstrac.ion and spec.alization of natural m.c.o struc.ures for tec.nic.l lightweight c.m.o- nents. The new m.thod generates stable lightweight design princ.ples by using topology optim.zation within a design spac. of preselec.ed biologic.l arc.etypes suc. as diatom. or radiolarian. The resulting solutions are adapted to the tec.nic.l load c.ses and produc.ion proc.sses, c.n be c.eated in a large variety, and m.y be further optim.zed e.g. by using param.tric.optim.zation.

关键词： biom.m.tic finite elem.nts design spac. design princ.ple topology optim.zation param.tric.optim.zation dia- tom. radiolarian