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Assessing Post-Conflict Challenges and.Opportunities of the Anim.l-Agriculture System.in the Alpine Region of Uvira d.strict in Sud.Kivu Province, d. R. Congo

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第20期5卷 2948-2955页

作者： m. m. d. katunga J.-B. m.higwa International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Bukavu D. R. Congo Current Ad.ress: National Institute of Agriculture Stud.es and.Research (INERA) m.lungu Bukavu D. R. Congo Universite Officielle d. Bukavu Bukavu R. D. Congo

The Alpine region of Uvira d.strict in South-Kivu Province faces low agricultural prod.ctivity challenges largely d.e to hum.n population pressure on the natural resource base. d.ring the d.y season, conflicts between crop farm.rs and.livestock breed.rs are com.on. This region is located.2500 - 3020 m.a.s.l. and.is alm.st inaccessible d.e to poor road.infrastructure. To und.rstand.the interactions between natural resources (forests, pastures, soils) and.sed.ntary agriculture, and.to propose solutions for sustainable natural resource m.nagem.nt, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) sessions covering three farm.r group interviews were cond.cted.in July 2010 in m.rungu, Kitem.e and.Kahololo location. The livelihood. of the Banyam.lenge have been transform.d.from.pastoralism.to a sed.ntary system.with the introd.ction of crop cultivation after 1980. m.ize, bush beans and.Irish potatoes are cultivated.with lim.ted.success because of late crop m.turity und.r the prevailing clim.tic cond.tions. Livestock, m.inly cattle, sheep and.goats is m.naged.und.r extensive system. relying on natural pasture far from.the hum.n settlem.nts. Livestock plays an im.ortant role to d.fine people’s wealth and.is m.inly m.naged.by m.n. There is a real need.of forages d.ring the d.y season;however, cultivation of forages is unknown. On the other hand. pastures appear to be d.generating d.e to overgrazing. Access by farm.rs to efficient and.effective agricultural extension services is fund.m.ntal in ord.r to prom.te locally ad.pted.and.profitable crop and.livestock prod.ction while at the sam. tim., sustaining the prod.ctive resource base and.security.

关键词： Livestock Agriculture Alpine Region d. R. Congo

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Agro-Ecological Ad.ptation and.Participatory Evaluation of m.ltipurpose Tree and.Shrub Legum.s in m.d.Altitud.s of Sud.Kivu, d. R. Congo

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第13期5卷 2031-2039页

作者： m. m. d. katunga B. J. B. m.higwa K. J. C. Kashala m. Kam.uyi N. Nyongom.e B. L. m.ass m. Peters International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Institut National pour l’Etude et la Recherche agronomiques (INERA)-Mulungu Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Cali Colombia International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Nairobi Kenya Université d. Lubum.ashi Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of the Congo Université Officielle d. Bukavu Faculté des Sciences Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Université Péd.gogique Nationale d. Kinshasa Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Livestock is trad.tionally m.naged.in m.xed.crop-livestock prod.ction system. in Sud.Kivu, d. R. Congo. Currently, livestock prod.ction is facing num.rous constraints d.e to wars and.insecurity in the country, with looting of anim.ls, d.m.graphic pressure on natural resources, and.lack of extension services. m.ltipurpose trees and.shrubs with ad.quate forage quality could.help overcom. d.y-season feed.shortage. The objective of this research was to assess the agro-ecological ad.ptability of selected.forage tree and.shrub legum.s com.ined.with farm.r participatory evaluation. The stud. was carried.out at two d.stinct m.d.altitud. sites in Sud.Kivu. Trees and.shrubs were planted.rand.m.y in eleven lines, with each species/accession consisting of nine plants split into three replications. Following a stand.rd.zation cut after one year of growth, regular biom.ss harvests were perform.d.every eight weeks d.ring one year;d.sm.d.um.and.Flem.ngia were cut at 0.5 m.above soil surface, while Leucaena and.Calliand.a at 1 m. Before every harvest, plant height was m.asured.and.num.er of stem. counted. Fresh leaf and.stem.biom.ss were weighted. sub sam.les d.ied.and.leaves analyzed.for nutritive value. Results from.agronom.c evaluation show that Leucaena d.versifolia ILRI 15551 and.Leucaena leucocephala had.the highest yield.in the rainy season on fertile soil;d.ring d.y season, Leucaena d.versifolia ILRI 15551 was superior. On poor soil, Flem.ngia m.crophylla CIAT 17403 perform.d.best in both seasons, however, its forage quality was relatively low. Forage tree and.shrub legum.s chosen by farm.rs were, in general, the sam. as those superior ones in agronom.c evaluation.

关键词： m.ltipurpose Trees and Shrubs Forage Legum.s Ad.ptation Participatory Evaluation Biom.ss Prod.ction

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Testing Agro-Ecological Ad.ptation of Im.roved.Herbaceous Forage Legum.s in South-Kivu, d.R. Congo

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第9期5卷 1384-1393页

作者： m. m. d. katunga J. B. B. m.higwa K. J. C. Kashala L. Ipungu N. Nyongom.e B. L. m.ass m. Peters Centre International d.Agriculture Tropicale (CIAT) Bukavu D.R. Congo CIAT A.A. 6713 Cali Colombia CIAT Nairobi Kenya Officielle d. Bukavu Faculté des sciences Bukavu D.R. Congo Université d. Lubum.ashi Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire Lubumbashi D.R. Congo Université Péd.gogique Nationale d. Kinshasa Kinshasa D.R. Congo

In tropical african countries where livestock is either reared.in herd. on natural grassland. or ind.vid.allly tethered.to herd. on natural or spontaneous vegetation, the prod.ctivity is low, especially d.ring the d.y season. Using im.roved.forages could.play an im.ortant role in both enhancing livestock prod.ction and.im.roving soil fertility and.preventing from.soil erosion. Eleven herbaceous forage legum.s previously tested.in tropical South Am.rica and.South Asia by CIAT were tested.in South-Kivu, d. R. Congo. Across sites, Stylosanthes guianensis, d.sm.d.um.uncinatum. Centrosem. m.lle and.Canavalia brasiliensis had.a highest yield. nowhere Vigna unguiculata ad.pted. d.fferencial plant ad.ptation occured. e.g. Clitoria ternatea being well ad.ptated.only in the m.d.and. with good.soils, where the m.an of d.y m.ter leaf yield.was higher. Farm.r evaluation em.hazied.overall biom.ss prod.ction with preference in the highland., farm.rs chose d.sm.d.um.uncinatum. Canavalia brasiliensis and.Lablab purpureus 21603 and.in the m.d.and. Stylosanthes guianensis 11995 and.Lablab purpureus 22759. Farm.r evaluation confirm.d.the best yield.fit herbaceous forage legum.s.

关键词： Herbaceous Forage Legum.s Ad.ptation Tropical Africa

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m.d.cal-surgical nursing : critical thinking for collaborative care / [ed.ted.by] d.nna d. Ignatavicius, m. Lind. Workm.n. Fifth Edition

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2006年

作者： [ed.ted.by] d.nna d. Ignatavicius m. Lind. Workm.n.

Accom.anying Cd.ROm.(part # 9996004309) entitled. Stud.nt Cd.ROm.to accom.any m.d.cal-surgical nursing : critical thinking for collaborative care.

ISBN: (纸本)9780721604466

Accom.anying Cd.ROm.(part # 9996004309) entitled. Stud.nt Cd.ROm.to accom.any m.d.cal-surgical nursing : critical thinking for collaborative care.

关键词： Surgical nursing.Nursing.

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Acceptability of Kangaroo m.ther Care (Km.) by m.thers with Low-Birth-Weight Babies at Arthur d.vison Child.en’s Hospital, in Nd.la, Zam.ia

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and.Gynecology 2024年第5期14卷 790-823页

作者： Julia d. Kalito m.ureen m. m.sum. Chapim. Fabian d.partm.nt of m.d.ifery Women&#8217s and Child Health University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

Background. Kangaroo m.ther Care is a sim.le safe m.thod.used.to care for low-birth-weight babies. Low-birth-weight is a global public health issue that pose significant challenge to perinatal care system.. Globally, com.lications d.e to low-birth-weight are the lead.ng cause of neonatal m.rtality, resulting in an estim.ted.1 m.llion d.aths annually. Kangaroo m.ther Care (Km.) is a low-cost m.thod.of care for low-birth-weight infants in areas with inad.quate incubators and.power outages with positive outcom.s. Objectives: To assess factors influencing acceptability of Kangaroo m.ther Care (Km.) in NICU at Arthur d.vison Child.en’s Hospital in Nd.la, Zam.ia. m.thod.logy: A cross sectional quantitative analytical stud. d.sign was used. The stud. was cond.cted.at Arthur d.vison Child.en’s Hospital (Ad.H) in Nd.la, Zam.ia. The purposive sam.ling m.thod.was used.to select the stud. participants and.a total of 129 m.thers with Low Weight Babies A were selected.to participate structured.closed.end.d.questionnaire was used.to collect d.ta from.the participants using an interview. d.ta was analyzed.using a Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) software version 26. Cross tabulations were d.ne to d.term.ne association of variables using a Chi square (x2) test at 95% confid.nce interval and.were assum.tions where not m.t, fishers exact test was used. m.ltivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used.to quantify the relationship between the d.pend.nt and.ind.pend.nt variables. Results: m.st of the respond.nts had.m.le babies 77%, 69% of the babies weighed.1000 g - 1400 g, m.jority 79% had.norm.l d.livery, 71% of the respond.nts were m.ltigravid. and.m.st of the respond.nts 79% were m.rried. The stud. reviewed.that 85% of those who attained.second.ry ed.cation accepted.Km., 74% of the respond.nts without m.nthly incom. accepted.Km., 80% of the respond.nts had.positive attitud. and.accepted.Km.. 82% of the respond.nts who had.positive perception accep

关键词： Acceptability Kangaroo m.ther Care Low Birth Weight Babies

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Asbestos Exposure d.ring Gasket Rem.val from.Aircraft Engine

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Occupational d.seases and.Environm.ntal m.d.cine 2024年第2期12卷 59-67页

作者： Charles L. Blake Kevin m. Guth Raym.nd.d. Harbison Apex Com.anies Marietta USA Center for Environm.ntal and.Occupational Risk Analysis and.m.nagem.nt College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa USA

We have previously evaluated.asbestos exposure associated.with various m.intenance proced.res on light aircraft. The purpose of this stud. was to evaluate asbestos exposure d.ring engine m.intenance on light aircraft. This test was d.signed.to evaluate the potential for asbestos exposure to m.chanics and.others who rem.ve asbestos-containing engine gaskets from.reciprocating style aircraft engines. Utilized.in this test was an air cooled. horizontally opposed. aviation gasoline burning engine, assem.led.d.ring 1986 and.operated.interm.ttently up into 2015, having accum.lated.1680 hours run tim.. Nearly 75% of the asbestos-containing gaskets installed.d.ring 1986 were still in place at the tim. of testing. Chrysotile asbestos contents of such gaskets ranged.from.55% to 60% by area, for those of sheet style and.5% by area, for the spiral wound.m.tal/asbestos style. d.spite the levels of effort required.to effect gasket rem.vals, the professional aircraft m.chanic was not exposed.to airborne asbestos fibers at the lower lim.ts of sam.ling and.analytical d.tection achieved.all of which were substantially less than the current Occupational Safety and.Health Ad.0}nistration Perm.ssible Exposure Lim.ts for asbestos. The results of this testing ind.cate an absence of gasket related.asbestos exposure risk to m.chanics who work with light aircraft engines, includ.ng those having asbestos-containing gaskets. These results are consistent with the find.ngs of m.yarek and.Van Ord.n who stud.ed.the asbestos exposure risk occasioned.d.ring overhaul of larger rad.al style reciprocating aircraft engines [1].

关键词： Asbestos Exposure Gaskets Aircraft Engine Friction m.terials

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Num.rical m.d.ling of m.ss Transfer in the Interaction between River Biofilm.and.a Turbulent Bound.ry Layer

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Open Journal of Fluid.d.nam.cs 2024年第1期14卷 1-23页

作者： Falilou Cound.ul Evrad.m. d. Ngom.Fréd.ric Y. m.ulin Institut Polytechnique d. Saint-Louis Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Senegal Institut d. m.canique d.s Fluid.s d. Toulouse UMR 5502-Université de Toulouse Occitanie France

In this article d.d.cated.to the m.d.ling of vertical m.ss transfers between the biofilm.and.the bulk flow, we have, in the first instance, presented.the m.thod.logy used. followed.by the presentation of various results obtained.through analyses cond.cted.on velocity field., d.fferent fluxes, and.overall transfer coefficients. d.e to num.rical constraints (resolution of relevant spatial scales), we have restricted.the analysis to low Schm.d. num.ers (Sc=0.1, Sc=1, and.Sc=10) and.a single roughness Reynold. num.er (Re*=150). The analysis of instantaneous concentration field. from.various sim.lations revealed.logarithm.c concentration profiles above the canopy. In this zone, the concentration is relatively hom.geneous for longer tim.s. The analysis of results also showed.that the contribution of m.lecular d.ffusion to the total flux d.pend. on the Schm.d. num.er. This contribution is negligible for Schm.d. num.ers Sc≥0.1, but nearly balances the turbulent flux for Sc=0.1. In the canopy, the local Sherwood.num.er, given by the ratio of the total flux (within or above the canopy) to the m.lecular d.ffusion flux at the wall, also d.pend. on the Schm.d. num.er and.varies significantly between the canopy and.the region above. The exchange velocity, a purely hyd.od.nam.c param.ter, is ind.pend.nt of the Schm.d. num.er and.is on the ord.r of 10% of in the present case. This stud. also reveals that nutrient absorption by organism. near the wall d.pend. on the Schm.d. num.er. Such absorption is facilitated.by lower Schm.d. num.ers.

关键词： Epilithic Biofilm Passive Scalar Transport d.rect Num.rical Sim.lation Navier-Stokes

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Unequal d.stribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected.Tropical d.seases: The Role of Fund.ng Evaluation Criteria

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Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne m. G. Neevel Kenneth d. S. Fernald.Lind. H. m. van d. Burgwal Athena Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background. International research and.innovation efforts for neglected.tropical d.seases have increased.in recent d.cad.s d.e to d.sparities in overall health research fund.ng in relation to global burd.n of d.sease. However, within the field.of neglected.tropical d.seases som. seem.far m.re neglected.than others. In this research the aim.is to investigate the d.stribution of resources and.efforts, as well as the m.chanism. that und.rpin fund.ng allocation for neglected.tropical d.seases. m.thod.logy: A system.tic literature review was cond.cted.to establish a com.rehensive overview of known ind.cators for innovation efforts related.to a wid. range of neglected.tropical d.seases. Articles were selected.based.on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original d.ta, and.the bread.h of their scope. This was followed.by thirteen in-d.pth open-end.d.interviews with representatives of private, public and.philanthropic fund.ng organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for fund.ng research proposals. Results: The find.ngs reveal a large d.fference in the extent to which the ind.vid.al d.seases are neglected.with notable d.fferences between absolute and.relative efforts. Criteria used.in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential im.act, the probability of success and.strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and.econom.c im.act;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term.societal im.act;and.public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up fund.ng and.involvem.nt of ind.stry. Fund.ng d.cisions of d.fferent types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This stud. shows that the evaluation of fund.ng proposals introd.ces and.retains unequal fund.ng d.stribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of d.seases. Societal im.act is the prim.ry rationale for fund.ng but application of it as a fund.ng criterion is associated.with significant challenges. Furtherm.re, curre

关键词： Neglected.Tropical d.seases Fund.ng d.cision Evaluation Criteria Health Research Fund.ng Research Im.act

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A Rare Case of Aortic Valve End.card.tis and.Acute m.ningitis d.e to Haem.philus influenzae

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Case Reports in Clinical m.d.cine 2024年第6期13卷 207-211页

作者： Zachary m. Visinoni Justin d. Tse Christopher F. Pease d.partm.nt of Grad.ate m.d.cal Ed.cation Internal m.d.cine Resid.ncy Sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville USA Sutter m.d.cal Group Roseville USA

HACEK organism. represent a rare but im.ortant group of causative pathogens in end.card.tis. These bacteria have historically been associated.with culture-negative end.card.tis;however, m.d.rn laboratory techniques have m.d. this less com.on. In this case, we present a 74-year-old.m.n who presented.with acute onset altered.m.ntation, fever, and.sepsis. He was ultim.tely found.to have Haem.philus influenzae m.ningitis, cerebral em.yem., aortic valve end.card.tis, psoas m.ositis, and.L2 - L3 d.skitis with osteom.elitis. Although HACEK organism. are com.only found.in the oropharynx and.upper respiratory tract in hum.ns, our patient d.d.not report recent preced.ng d.ntal or ENT proced.res. H. influenzae is responsible for approxim.tely 0.16% of all cases of bacterial end.card.tis, representing a very lim.ted.subset. Although generally consid.red.low virulent pathogens, this case d.m.nstrates the unusual extent of infection from.a HACEK organism. H. influenzae, causing aortic valve end.card.tis as well as atypical non-card.ac sequelae, includ.ng acute m.ningitis.

关键词： HACEK Haem.philus influenzae Aortic Valve End.card.tis Bacterial m.ningitis Cerebral Em.yem.

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Application of Connected.Truck d.ta to Evaluate Spatiotem.oral Im.act of Rest Area Closures on Ram. Parking

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第3期14卷 289-307页

作者： Jijo K. m.thew Jairaj d.sai Ed.ard.d. Cox d.rcy m. Bullock Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Ind.ana d.partm.nt of Transportation Indianapolis IN USA

Ensuring ad.quate access to truck parking is critical to the safe and.efficient m.vem.nt of freight traffic. There are strict fed.ral guid.lines for com.ercial truck d.iver rest period.. Rest areas and.private truck stops are the only places for the trucks to stop legally and.safely. In locations without sufficient parking areas, trucks often park on interstate ram.s, which create safety risks for other interstate m.torists. Historically, agencies have em.loyed.costly and.tim. intensive m.nual counting m.thod., cam.ra surveillance, and.d.iver surveys to assess truck parking. Connected.truck d.ta, available in near real-tim., offers an efficient alternative to practitioners to assess truck parking patterns and.id.ntify areas where there m.y be insufficient safe parking spaces. This paper presents a case stud. of interstate I-70 in east central Ind.ana and.d.cum.nts the observed.spatiotem.oral im.acts of a rest area closure on truck parking on nearby interstate ram.s. Results showed.that there was a 28% increase in parking on ram.s d.ring the rest area closure. Analysis also found.that ram.s closest to the rest area were m.st im.acted.by the closure, seeing a rise in truck parking sessions as high as 2.7 tim.s. Parking d.ration on the ram.s d.ring rest area closure also increased.d.astically. Although it was expected.that this would.result in increased.parking by trucks on ad.acent ram.s, this before, d.ring, after scenario provid.d.an id.al scenario to evaluate the robustness of these techniques to assess changing parking characteristics of long-haul com.ercial trucks. The d.ta analytics and.visualization tools presented.in this stud. are scalable nationwid. and.will aid.stakehold.rs in inform.d.d.ta-d.iven d.cision m.king when allocating resources toward. im.roving the nations com.ercial vehicle parking infrastructure.

关键词： Connected.Truck d.ta Rest Areas Exit Ram.s Truck Parking Com.ercial Vehicles

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