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In vivo m.asurem.nt of NADH fluorescence lifetim. in skeletal m.scle via -ber-coupled tim.-correlated single photon counting

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j.urnal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： Kathryn m.Priest j.cob V.Schluns Nathania Nischal Colton L.Gattis j.ffrey C.Wolchok Tim.thy j.m.ldoon Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinam.de adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during m.tabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetim. can be used to infer m.tabolic dynam.cs in living ***-coupled tim.-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC)equipped with an im.lantable needle probe can be used to m.asure NADH lifetim. in vivo,enabling investigation of changing m.tabolic dem.nd during m.scle contraction or tissue *** study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,m.nim.lly-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetim. m.asurem.nt in *** m.scle loss(Vm.)inj.ries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)m.scle of m.le Sprague Dawley *** lifetim. m.asurem.nts were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the inj.red and uninj.red TA m.scles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay m.del to yield a m.tric of NADH utilization(cytoplasm.c vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninj.red m.scle com.ared to m.scle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering m.scle,indicating increased rates of *** inj.red m.scle,this ratio was higher than uninj.red m.scle overall but decreased over tim.,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflam.atory response to inj.ry,suggesting tissue regeneration has *** data suggest that-ber-coupled TCSPC has the potential to m.asure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a m.nim.lly invasive m.nner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation energy m.tabolism volum.tric m.scle loss

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Phase com.osition,conductivity,and sensor properties of cerium.doped indium.oxide

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Nano m.terials Science 2024年第2期6卷 193-200页

作者： m.I.Ikim.G.N.Gerasim.v V.F.Grom.v O.j.Ilegbusi L.I.Trakhtenberg N.N.Sem.nov Federal Research Center for Chem.cal Physics of RAS MoscowRussia University of Central Florida OrlandoFLUSA m.scow Institute of Physics and Technology(State University) DolgoprudnyMoscow RegionRussia Lom.nosov m.scow State University MoscowRussia

The hydrotherm.l synthesis of In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2)–In_(2)O_(3)is investigated as well as the properties of sensor layers based on these *** the synthesis of In_(2)O_(3),interm.diate products In(OH)_(3)and InOOH are form.d,which are the precursors of stable cubic(c-In_(2)O_(3))and m.tastable rhom.ohedral(rh-In_(2)O_(3))phases,respectively.A transition from.c-In_(2)O_(3)to rh-In_(2)O_(3)is observed with the addition of CeO_(2).The introduction of cerium.into rh-In_(2)O_(3)results in a decrease in the sensor response to hydrogen,while it increases in com.osites based on c-In_(2)O_(3).The data on the sensor activity of the com.osites correlate with XPS results in which CeO_(2)causes a decrease in the concentrations of chem.sorbed oxygen and oxygen vacancies in rh-In_(2)O_(3).The reverse situation is observed in com.osites based on c-In_(2)O_(3).Com.ared to In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2)–In_(2)O_(3)obtained by other m.thods,the synthesized com.osites dem.nstrate m.xim.m.response to H_(2)at low tem.eratures by 70–100℃,and have short response tim.(0.2–0.5 s),short recovery tim.(6–7 s),and long-term.stability.A m.del is proposed for the dependence of sensitivity on the direction of electron transfer between In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2).

关键词： Cerium.oxide Indium.oxide Nanocom.osite Hydrotherm.l m.thod Cubic phase Rhom.ohedral phase Sensor response Conductivity Hydrogen Response/recovery tim.

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Effect of m.sic therapy on short-term.psychological and physiological outcom.s in m.chanically ventilated patients: A random.zed clinical pilot study

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j.urnal of Intensive m.dicine 2024年第04期04卷 515-525页

作者： Ettenberger m. Casanova-Libreros R. Chávez-Chávez j. Cordoba-Silva j.G. Betancourt-Zapata W. m.ya R. Fandiño-Vergara L.A. Valderram. m. Silva-Faj.rdo I. Hernández-Zam.rano S.m. SONO - Centro de m.sicoterapia Bogotá Colombia Vice-Rectorate for Research Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud Bogotá Colombia Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of Los Andes Bogotá Colombia Departm.nt of Rehabilitation Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá Hospital de San José Bogotá Colombia Faculty of Nursing Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud Bogotá Colombia

Background: Elevated anxiety levels are com.on in patients on m.chanical ventilation (m.) and m.y challenge recovery. Research suggests m.sic-based interventions m.y reduce anxiety during m.. However, studies investigating specific m.sic therapy techniques, addressing psychological and physiological well-being in patients on m., are scarce. m.thods: This three-arm.random.zed clinical pilot study was conducted with m. patients adm.tted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Hospital San j.sé in Bogotá, Colom.ia between m.rch 7, 2022, and j.ly 11, 2022. Patients were divided into three groups: intervention group 1 (IG1), m.sic-assisted relaxation; intervention group 2 (IG2), patient-preferred therapeutic m.sic listening; and control group (CG), standard care. The m.in outcom. m.asure was the 6-item.State-Anxiety Inventory. Secondary outcom.s were: pain, m.asured with a visual analog scale; resilience, m.asured with the Brief Resilience Scale; agitation/sedation, m.asured with the Richm.nd Agitation–Sedation Scale; vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate; days of m.; extubation success; and days in the ICU. Additionally, three patients underwent electroencephalography during the interventions. Results: Data from.23 patients were analyzed in this study. The age range of the patients was 24–84 years, with a m.dian age of 66 years (interquartile range: 57–74). Of the 23 patients, 19 were fem.le (82.6%). No statistically significant differences between the groups were observed for anxiety (P=0.330), pain (P=0.624), resilience (P=0.916), agitation/sedation (P=0.273), length of ICU stay (P=0.785), or vital signs. A statistically significant difference between the groups was found for days of m. (P=0.019). Electroencephalography m.asurem.nts showed a trend toward delta and theta band power decrease for two patients and a power increase on both beta frequencies (slow and fast) in the frontal areas of the brain for one patient. Co

关键词： Anxiety Intensive care unit m.chanical ventilation m.sic therapy Pain

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Further investigation on the fusion of ^(6)Li with ^(209)Bi target at near-barrier energies

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第7期48卷 106-117页

作者：张高龙焦振威张广鑫 m.R.Cortes 胡世鹏钱建强 D.m.ngoni 屈卫卫李聪博郑云张焕乔孙慧斌王楠张春雷 j.j.Valiente-Dobón D.Testov m.m.zzocco A.Gozzelino C.Parascandolo D.Pierroutsakou m.La Com.ara A.Goasduff D.Bazzacco D.R.Napoli F.Galtarossa F.Recchia A.Illana S.Bakes I.Zanon S.Aydin G.de Angelis m.Siciliano R.m.negazzo S.m.Lenzi j.L.Ferreira j.Rangel Serkan Akkoyun L.F.Canto j.Lubian School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Instituto de Física Universidade Federal Fluminense24210-340NiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil Institute for Advanced Study in Nuclear Energy&Safety Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Research and m.nufacture of High Purity Germ.nium.m.terials and Fetectors Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China INFN Sezione di PadovaPadovaItaly Dipartim.nto di fisica Astronom.a dell'Universita di padova PadovaItaly State Key Laboratory of Radiation m.dicine and Protection School of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China China Institute of Atom.c Energy Beijing 102413China The Key Laboratory of Beam.Technology and m.terial m.dification of m.nistry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China INFN Laboratori Nazionali di LegnaroI-35020 LegnaroItaly INFN Sezione di NapoliI-80126 NapoliItaly Dipartim.nto di Farm.cia Universitàdi Napoli"Federico II"I-80131 NapoliItaly Departm.nt of Natural and m.them.tical Sciences Faculty of EngineeringTarsus University33480 MersinTurkiye Physics Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont-ILUSA Departam.nto de m.tem.ética Física e Computaç˜ao Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroFaculdade de Tecnologia27537-000ResendeRio de JaneiroBrazil Departm.nt of Physics Sivas Cumhuriyet UniversitySivasTurkey Instituto de Física Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroCP 6852821941-972Rio de JaneiroBrazil

The com.lete and incom.lete fusion cross sections for ^(6)Li+^(209)Bi were m.asured using the in-beam.-ray m.thod around the Coulom. *** cross sections of(deuteron captured)incom.lete fusion(ICF)products were re-quantified experim.ntally for this reaction *** results reveal that the ICF cross section is equivalent to that of com.lete fusion(CF)above the Coulom. barrier and dom.nant near or below the Coulom. barrier.A theoretical calculation based on the continuum.discretized coupled channel(CDCC)m.thod was perform.d for the aforem.ntioned CF and ICF cross sections;the result is consistent with the *** universal fusion function(UFF)was also com.ared with the m.asured CF cross section for different barrier param.ters,dem.nstrating that the CF suppression factor is significantly influenced by the choice of potential,which can reflect both dynam.c and static effects of breakup on the fusion process.

关键词： cross section incom.lete fusion suppression factor weakly bound nuclei

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Effect of age on the standardized ileal am.no acid digestibility of soybean m.al and canola m.al in broilers

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Anim.l Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 11-22页

作者： m.kti Barua m.Reza Abdollahi Faegheh Zaefarian Tim.thy j.Wester Channarayapatna K.Girish Peter V.Chrystal Velm.rugu Ravindran m.nogastric Research Center School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston North 4442New Zealand Departm.nt of Anim.l Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineChattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityKhulshiChattogram 4225Bangladesh Nutrition and Care Animal NutritionEvonik(SEA)Pte.Ltd609927 Singapore Com.lete Feed Solutions Howick 2145AucklandNew Zealand

Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients(SIDC)of nitrogen(N)and am.no acids(AA)in two protein sources(soybean m.al[SBm.and canola m.al[Cm.)were investigated at six broiler ages(d 7,14,21,28,35,and 42).Two assay diets were form.lated to contain either SBm.413 g/kg)or Cm.553 g/kg)as the sole dietary AA *** dioxide(5 g/kg)was added as an indigestible m.rker.A total of 696 m.le broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age *** assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7(14 birds/cage),14(12 birds/cage),21(10 birds/cage),28(8 birds/cage),35(8 birds/cage)and 42(6 birds/cage),*** apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA *** the SBm.group,though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced(quadratic;P=0.075)by age,no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable(IAA)and total AA(TAA).An age effect(quadratic;Pm.with the highest value recorded at d 7,followed by a decrease from.d 14 to 28,which increased beyond d *** SIDC of som. individual AA(Arg,Thr,Trp,Cys,Pro)were affected(Pm.nner by *** the Cm.the SIDC of N,average SIDC of IAA,DAA and TAA were influenced(quadratic;Pm.d 7 to 14,declined at d 21,and then increased beyond d *** average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased *** SIDC of individual AA were affected(linear or quadratic;Pm.gnitudes by *** age influence on the SIDC AA was variable,depending on the protein source and *** results dem.nstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data m.ght need consideration in broiler feed form.lations.

关键词： Age Am.no acid Broiler Digestibility Protein source

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Rainfall Sensitivity to m.crophysics and Planetary Boundary Layer Param.terizations in Convection-Perm.tting Sim.lations over Northwestern South Am.rica

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j.urnal of m.teorological Research 2024年第4期38卷 805-825页

作者： K.Santiago HERNANDEZ Sebastian GOm.Z-RIOS j.an j.HENAO Vanessa ROBLEDO Alvaro RAm.REZ-CARDONA Angela m.RENDON Geolim.a Escuela AmbientalFacultad de IngenieriaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellin 050010Colombia Grupo de Ingenieria y Gestion Am.iental(GIGA) Escuela AmbientalFacultad de IngenieriaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellin 050010Colombia Division of Atm.spheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNV 89512USA

Convection-perm.tting m.deling allows us to understand m.chanism. that influence rainfall in specific ***,m.crophysics param.terization(m.) and planetary boundary layer(PBL) schem.s rem.in an im.ortant source of uncertainty,affecting rainfall intensity,occurrence,duration,and ***,we study the sensitivity of rainfall to three m. [Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) Single-m.m.nt 6-class(WSm.),Thom.son,and m.rrison] and two PBL [the Yonsei University(YSU) and m.llor–Yam.da Nakanishi Niino(m.NN)] schem.s with a convection-perm.tting resolution(4 km. over northwestern South Am.rica(NWSA).Sim.lations were perform.d by using the WRF m.del and the results were evaluated against soundings,rain gauges,and satellite data,considering the spatio-tem.oral variability of rainfall over diverse regions prone to deep convection in *** and PBL schem.s largely influenced sim.lated rainfall,with better results for the less com.utationally expensive WSm. m. and YSU PBL *** rain gauges and satellite estim.tes,sim.lations with m.rrison m. overestim.ted rainfall,especially westward of the Andes,whereas the m.NN PBL underestim.ted precipitation in the Am.zon–Savannas *** found that the uncertainty in the rainfall representation is highly dependent on the region,with a higher influence of m. in the Colom.ian Pacific and PBL in the Am.zon–Savannas *** analyzing rainfall-related processes,the selection of both m. and PBL param.terizations exerted a large influence on the sim.lated lower tropospheric m.isture flux and m.isture *** schem.s significantly influenced the downward shortwave radiation,with m.NN sim.lating a greater am.unt of low clouds,which decreased the radiation ***,latent heat fluxes were greater for YSU,favoring m.ist convection and *** schem.s had a m.rked im.act on vertical ***,m.rrison m. showed stronger convection and higher precipitation rates,which is assoc

关键词： sensitivity m.crophysics planetary boundary layer(PBL) Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) processes

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Identific tion of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for pregnancy success in Angus–Brahm.n crossbred heifers

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j.urnal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 162-170页

作者： Quinn A.Hoorn Gabriel A.Zayas Eduardo E.Rodriguez Laura m.j.nsen Raluca G.m.teescu Peter j.Hansen Departm.nt of Anim.l Sciences Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Programand the Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA School of Applied System. Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background In beef cattle, m.re than 50% of the energy input to produce a unit of beef is consum.d by the fem.le that produced the calf. Developm.nt of genom.c tools to identify fem.les with high genetic m.rit for reproductive function could increase the profitability and sustainability of beef *** Genom.-wide association studies(GWAS) were perform.d using a single-step genom.c best linear unbiased prediction approach on pregnancy outcom. traits from.a population of Angus–Brahm.n crossbred heifers. Furtherm.re, a validation GWAS was perform.d using data from.another farm. Heifers were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array that contains 221,077 SNPs. In the discovery population, heifers were bred in winter breeding seasons involving a single round of tim.d artificial insem.nation(AI) followed by natural m.ting for 3 m.nths. Two phenotypes were analyzed: pregnancy outcom. to first-service AI(PAI;n = 1,481) and pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season(PEBS;n = 1,725). The heritability was estim.ted as 0.149 and 0.122 for PAI and PEBS, respectively. In the PAI m.del, one quantitative trait locus(QTL), located between 52.3 and 52.5 m. on BTA7, explained about 3% of the genetic variation, in a region containing a cluster of γ-protocadherin genes and SLC25A2. Other QTLs explaining between 0.5% and 1% of the genetic variation were found on BTA12 and 25. In the PEBS m.del, a large QTL on BTA7 was synonym.us with the QTL for PAI, with m.nor QTLs located on BTA5, 9, 10, 11, 19, and 20. The validation population for pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season were Angus–Brahm.n crossbred heifers bred by natural m.ting. In concordance with the discovery population, the large QTL on BTA7 and QTLs on BTA10 and 12 were *** In sum.ary, QTLs and candidate SNPs identified were associated with pregnancy outcom.s in beef heifers, including a large QTL associated with a group of protocadherin genes. Confirm.tion of these associations

关键词： Beef cattle Fertility GWAS QTL

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Collisionless shock acceleration of protons in a plasm. slab produced in a gas j.t by the collision of two laser-driven hydrodynam.c shockwaves

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m.tter and Radiation at Extrem.s 2024年第2期9卷 12-25页

作者： j.-R.m.rquès L.Lancia P.Loiseau P.Forestier-Colleoni m.Tarisien E.Atukpor V.Bagnoud C.Brabetz F.Consoli j.Dom.nge F.Hannachi P.Nicolaï m.Salvadori B.Zielbauer LULI CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance CEA DAMDIF91297 Arpajon CedexFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance CENBG CNRS-IN2P3Universitéde Bordeaux33175 Gradignan CedexFrance GSI Helm.oltzzentrum.für Schwerionenforschung Gm.H Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany University of Darm.tadt Schloßgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Departm.nt C.R.FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 45FrascatiRomeItaly CELIA Universitéde Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA33405 TalenceFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALIDYL91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We have recently proposed a new technique of plasm. tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynam.c shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas j.t[m.rquès et al.,*** 28,023103(2021)].In a continuation of this num.rical work,we study experim.ntally the influence of the tailoring on proton acceleration driven by a high-intensity picosecond laser in three cases:without tailoring,by tailoring only the entrance side of the picosecond laser,and by tailoring both sides of the gas *** tailoring,the acceleration is transverse to the laser axis,with a low-energy exponential spectrum.produced by Coulom. *** the front side of the gas j.t is tailored,a forward acceleration appears,which is significantly enhanced when both the front and back sides of the plasm. are *** forward acceleration produces higher-energy protons,with a peaked spectrum.and is in good agreem.nt with the m.chanism.of collisionless shock acceleration(CSA).The spatiotem.oral evolution of the plasm. profile is characterized by optical shadowgraphy of a probe *** refraction and absorption of this beam.are sim.lated by post-processing 3D hydrodynam.c sim.lations of the plasm. *** with the experim.ntal results allows estim.tion of the thickness and near-critical density of the plasm. slab produced by tailoring both sides of the gas *** param.ters are in good agreem.nt with those required for CSA.

关键词： acceleration hydrodynam.c collision

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Effects of therm.l boundary conditions on the j.ule heating of electrolyte in a m.crochannel

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j.urnal of Hydrodynam.cs 2016年第5期28卷 850-862页

作者： m. Y. ABDOLLAHZADEH j.m.LABADI j. H. PARK m. m. RASHIDI j. m. CHEN Departm.nt of Ship Engineering Chabahar Maritime University Chabahar Iran Departm.nt of Aerospace and System.Engineering Gyeongsang National University Jinju Korea . Engineering Faculty of Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran Departm.nt of m.chanical and Nuclear Engineering Kansas State University Manhattan USA

j.ule heating effects on a slit m.crocharm.l filled with electrolytes are com.rehensively investigated with em.hasis on the therm.l boundary conditions. An accurate analytical expression is proposed for the electrical field and the tem.erature distributions due to j.ule heating are num.rically obtained from.the energy balance equation. The results show that a therm.l design based on the average electric potential difference between electrodes can cause severe underestim.tion of j.ule heating. In addition, the param.- tric study of therm.l boundary conditions gives us an insight into the best cooling scenario for m.crofluidic devices. Other significant therm.l characteristics, including Nusselt num.er, therm.phoretic force, and entropy generation, are discussed as well. This study will provide useful inform.tion for the optim.zation of a biom.m. device in relation to the therm.l aspect.

关键词： m.crochannel electrolyte j.ule heating Nusselt num.er therm.phoretic force entropy generation optim.zed therm.ldesign

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Efficient Com.unication in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Optim.zed Energy Efficient Engroove Leach Clustering Protocol

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第4期29卷 985-1001页

作者： N.m.enakshi Sultan Ahm.d A.V.Prabu j.Nageswara Rao Nashwan Adnan Othm.n Hikm.t A.m.Abdelj.ber R.Sekar j.been Nazeer SRm.Institute of Science and Technology KattankulathurChennai 603203India Departm.nt of Com.uter Science College of Computer Engineering and SciencesPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj 11942Saudi Arabia University Center for Research and Developm.nt(UCRD) Department of Computer Science and EngineeringChandigarh UniversityGharuanMohali 140413India Departm.nt of ECE Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationVaddeswaramGuntur 522502India Departm.nt of Com.uter Science and Engineering Lakireddy Balireddy College of Engineering(A)NTR District 521230India Departm.nt of Com.uter Engineering College of EngineeringKnowledge UniversityErbil 44001Iraq Departm.nt of Com.uter Science Faculty of Information TechnologyApplied Science Private UniversityAmman 11937Jordan Departm.nt of Electronics and Com.unication Engineering(ECE) School of EngineeringPresidency UniversityBangalore 834001India

The Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is a network that is constructed in regions that are inaccessible to hum.n *** widespread deploym.nt of wireless m.cro sensors will m.ke it possible to conduct accurate environm.ntal m.nitoring for a use in both civil and m.litary *** m.ke use of these data to m.nitor and keep track of the physical data of the surrounding environm.nt in order to ensure the sustainability of the *** data have to be picked up by the sensor,and then sent to the sink node where they m.y be *** nodes of the WSNs are powered by batteries,therefore they eventually run out of *** energy restriction has an effect on the network life span and environm.ntal *** obj.ctive of this study is to further im.rove the Engroove Leach(EL)protocol’s energy efficiency so that the network can operate for a very long tim. while consum.ng the least am.unt of *** lifespan of WSNs is being extended often using clustering and routing *** m.ta Inspired Hawks Fragm.nt Optim.zation(m.HFO)system.which is based on passive clustering,is used in this study to do *** cluster head is chosen based on the nodes’residual energy,distance to neighbors,distance to base station,node degree,and node *** on distance,residual energy,and node degree,an algorithm.known as Heuristic Wing Antfly Optim.zation(HWAFO)selects the optim.m.path between the cluster head and Base Station(BS).They exam.ne the num.er of nodes that are active,their energy consum.tion,and the num.er of data packets that the BS *** overall experim.ntation is carried out under the m.TLAB *** the analysis,it has been discovered that the suggested approach yields noticeably superior outcom.s in term. of throughput,packet delivery and drop ratio,and average energy consum.tion.

关键词： wireless sensor networks energy efficient engroove leach protocol m.ta inspired Hawks fragm.nt optim.zation heuristic wing antfly optim.zation

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