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Transcriptom. Analysis of Arabidopsis Wild-Type and gl3-sst sim.Trichom.s Identifies Four Additional Genes Required for Trichom. Developm.nt

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m.lecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 803-822页

作者： m. david marks Jonathan R Wenger Edward Gilding Ross Jilk Richard A. Dixon Departm.nt of Plant Biology University of Minnesota St Paul MN 551108 USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Wisconsin-River Falls River Falls Wl 54022 USA Plant Biology Division Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore OK 73401 USA

Transcriptom. analyses have been perform.d on m.ture trichom.s isolated from.wild-type Arabidopsis leaves and on leaf trichom.s isolated from.the g13-sst sim.double m.tant, which exhibit m.ny attributes of im.ature trichom.s. The m.ture trichom. profile contained m.ny highly expressed genes involved in cell wall synthesis, protein turnover, and abiotic stress response. The m.st highly expressed genes in the g13-sst sim.profile encoded ribosom.l proteins and other proteins involved in translation. Com.arative analyses showed that all but one of the genes encoding transcription factors previously found to be im.ortant for trichom. form.tion, and m.ny other trichom.-im.ortant genes, were preferentially expressed in gl3-sst sim.trichom.s. The analysis of genes preferentially expressed in gl3-sst sim.led to the identification of four additional genes required for norm.l trichom. developm.nt. One of these was the HDG2 gene, which is a m.m.er of the HD-ZIP IV transcription factor gene fam.ly. m.tations in this gene did not alter trichom. expansion, but did alter m.ture trichom. cell walls. m.tations in BIT resulted in a loss of trichom. branch form.tion. The relationship between bit and the phenotypically identical m.tant, sti, was explored. m.tations in PEL3, which was previously shown to be required for developm.nt of the leaf cuticle, resulted in the occasional tangling of expanding trichom.s. m.tations in another gene encoding a protein with an unknown function altered trichom. branch form.tion.

关键词： Cell wall cell differentiation hom.odom.in wax trichom.

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Phylogenetically Distinct Cellulose Synthase Genes Support Secondary Wall Thickening in Arabidopsis Shoot Trichom.s and Cotton Fiber

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 205-220页

作者： Lissete Betancur Bir Singh Ryan A.Rapp Jonathan F.Wendel m. david marks Alison W.Roberts Candace H.Haigler Departm.nt of Plant Biology North Carolina State University Departm.nt of Crop Science North Carolina State University EEOB Departm.nt Iowa State University Departm.nt of Plant Biology University of Minnesota Departm.nt of Biological Sciences CBLSUniversity of Rhode Island

Through exploring potential analogies between cotton seed trichom.s （or cotton fiber） and arabidopsis shoot trichom.s we discovered that CesAs from.either the prim.ry or secondary wall phylogenetic clades can support secondary wall thickening. CesA genes that typically support prim.ry wall synthesis, AtCesA 1,2,3,5, and 6, underpin expansion and secondary wall thickening of arabidopsis shoot trichom.s. In contrast, apparent orthologs of CesA genes that support secondary wall synthesis in arabidopsis xylem. AtCesA4,7, and 8, are up-regulated for cotton fiber secondary wall deposition. These conclusions arose from. （a） analyzing the expression of CesA genes in arabidopsis shoot trichom.s; （b） observing birefringent secondary walls in arabidopsis shoot trichom.s with m.tations in AtCesA4, 7, or 8; （c） assaying up-regulated genes during different stages of cotton fiber developm.nt; and （d） com.aring genes that were *** with prim.ry or secondary wall CesAs in arabidopsis with genes up- regulated in arabidopsis trichom.s, arabidopsis secondary xylem. or cotton fiber during prim.ry or secondary wall deposition. Cum.latively, the data show that：（a） the xylem.of arabidopsis provides the best m.del for secondary wall cellulose synthesis in cotton fiber; and （b） CesA genes within a ＂cell wall toolbox＂ are used in diverse ways for the construction of particular specialized cell walls.

关键词： Phylogenetically Distinct Cellulose Synthase Genes Support Secondary Wall Thickening in Arabidopsis Shoot Trichom.s and Cotton Fiber GUS

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The role of N-glycosylation in cancer

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Acta Pharm.ceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 1098-1110页

作者： Yu Lin david m.Lubm.n Departm.nt of Surgery University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Despite advances in understanding the developm.nt and progression of cancer in recent years,there rem.ins a lack of com.rehensive characterization of the cancer *** play an im.ortant role in m.dicine and are involved in various hum.n disease conditions including ***-m.ieties participate in fundam.ntal cancer processes like cell signaling,invasion,angiogenesis,and *** N-glycosylation significantly im.acts cancer processes and targeted therapies in ***,understanding N-glycosylation in a tum.r is essential for com.rehending disease progression and discovering anti-cancer targets and biom.rkers for therapy m.nitoring and *** review presents the fundam.ntal process of protein N-glycosylation and sum.arizes glycosylation changes in tum.r cells,including increased term.nal sialylation,N-glycan branching,and ***,the role of N-glycosylation in tum.r signaling pathways,m.gration,and m.tabolism.are *** and glycopeptides as potential biom.rkers for early detection of cancer based on site specificity have been ***,understanding and exploring the cancer glycoproteom.,along with its role in m.dicine,im.lication in cancer and other hum.n diseases,highlights the significance of N-glycosylation in tum.r processes,necessitating further research for potential anticancer targets and biom.rkers.

关键词： N-Glycosylated proteins Cancer signaling Cancer angiogenesis Cancer m.tabolism Cancer biom.rkers

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Evaluation of hand infections in the em.rgency departm.nt using point-of-care ultrasound

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World Journal of Em.rgency m.dicine 2024年第4期15卷 283-288页

作者： david Ahm.d Haidar david m.ntz Brandon m.Wubben Om.r Rizvi Srikar Adhikari Departm.nt of Em.rgency m.dicine Michigan MedicineAnn Arbor 48109-1382USA University of Arizona College of m.dicine Tucson 85724USA Departm.nt of Em.rgency m.dicine University of IowaIowa City 52242-1009USA Departm.nt of Surgery University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson 85724USA Departm.nt of Em.rgency m.dicine University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson 85724USA

BACKGROUND:We aim.d to evaluate the utility of point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)in the assessm.nt of hand infections that present to the em.rgency departm.nt(ED)and its im.act on m.dical decision m.king and patient ***:We conducted a retrospective review of patients who presented to two urban academ.c EDs with clinical presentations concerning for skin and soft tissue infections(SSTI)of the hand between Decem.er 2015 and Decem.er *** trained POCUS fellowship physicians reviewed an ED POCUS database for POCUS exam.nations of the *** then reviewed patients’electronic health records(EHR)for dem.graphic characteristics,history,physical exam.nation findings,ED course,additional im.ging studies,consultations,im.act of POCUS on patient care and final ***:We included a total of 50 cases(28 m.le,22 fem.le)in the final *** m.st com.on presenting sym.tom. and exam.findings were pain(100%),swelling(90%),and erythem.(74%).The m.st com.on sonographic findings were edem.(76%),soft tissue swelling(78%),and fluid surrounding the tendon(57%).POCUS was used in m.dical decision m.king 68%of the tim.(n=34),with the use of POCUS leading to changes in m.nagem.nt 38%of the tim.(n=19).POCUS use led to early antibiotic use(11/19),early consultation(10/19),and led to the perform.nce of a required procedure(8/19).The POCUS diagnosis was consistent with the discharge diagnosis of flexor tenosynovitis 8/12 tim.s,abscess 12/16 tim.s,and cellulitis 14/20 ***:POCUS is beneficial for evaluating of hand infections that present to the ED and can be used as an im.ortant part of m.dical decision m.king to expedite patient care.

关键词： Ultrasound Point-of-care ultrasound Cellulitis Abscess Flexor tenosynovitis

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Tensile deform.tion of fine-grained m. at 4K, 78K and 298K

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JOURNAL OF m.GNESIUm.AND ALLOYS 2024年第6期12卷 2534-2556页

作者： Walag, m. Kula, A. Tokarski, T. Cios, G. Niewczas, m. AGH Univ Krakow Fac Nonferrous Met Krakow Poland AGH Univ Krakow Acad Ctr Mat & Nanotechnol Krakow Poland m.m.ster Univ Mat Sci & Engn Hamilton ON Canada

The im.act of grain size, ranging from.0.9 m. m.to 9 m. m. on the m.chanical properties of com.ercially pure m. is investigated at tem.eratures of 4K, 78K, and 298K. The m.chanism. governing plastic flow are influenced by both grain size and tem.erature. At 4K and 78K, dom.nant deform.tion m.des in m. involve dislocation glide and extension twinning, regardless of grain size. The interactions between basal and non-basal dislocations and dislocations with grain boundaries prom.te an unusually high rate of work hardening in the center dot/ plastic regim., leading to prem.ture failure. The yield stress follows the Hall-Petch relationship sigm. y k / d , with the slope k increasing with decreasing tem.erature. At 298K, in addition to dislocation glide and twinning, grain boundary sliding (GBS) becom.s significant in sam.les with grain sizes below 3 m. m. considerably enhancing the m.terial's deform.bility. GBS activation provides an additional recovery m.chanism.for dislocations accum.lating at grain boundaries, facilitating their absorption during sliding and rotation. Analysis of sigm. Theta relationship suggests that the basal slip is the dom.nant dislocation m.de in m. at 298K. Decreasing grain size suppresses dislocation activity and twinning and increases GBS, resulting in lower Theta and sigm. Theta values. Suppressing conventional deform.tion m.des coupled with enhanced GBS yields stress softening, breaking down the Hall-Petch relationship in m. below 3 m. m.grain size, leading to an inverse Hall-Petch behaviour. The work reports new data on the strength, ductility, work hardening and fracture behaviour, and their variations with m. grain size across different tem.erature regim.s. (c) 2024 Chongqing University. Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Com.unications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing Un

关键词： Polycrystalline m. m.chanical properties Deform.tion m.chanism. Work-hardening Texture evolution Cryogenic tem.eratures Hall-Petch relationship HALL-PETCH BREAKDOWN SC BINARY-ALLOYS m.CHANICAL-PROPERTIES PLASTIC-DEFORm.TION YIELD ASYm.ETRY PURE m.GNESIUm FLOW-STRESS SIZE BEHAVIOR DUCTILITY

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m.tochondrial recruitm.nt in m.elin:an anchor for m.elin dynam.cs and plasticity?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1401-1402页

作者： Jean-david m.Gothié Tim.thy E.Kennedy Departm.nt of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada

Optim.l propagation of neuronal electrical im.ulses depends on the insulation of axons by m.elin,produced in the central nervous system.by *** is an extension of the oligodendrocyte plasm. m.m.rane,which wraps around an axon to form.a com.act m.lti-layered *** is com.osed of a substantially higher proportion of lipids com.ared to other biological m.m.ranes and enriched in a sm.ll num.er of specialized proteins.

关键词： plasticity insulation dynam.cs

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Glyphosate Exposure Associated with Hum.n Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Scoping Review

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第7期14卷 187-209页

作者： Hannah Hutchins david m. Com.ton Kris Dougherty Behavioral Neuroscience Program Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach Florida USA Departm.nt of Biology Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach Florida USA

Chem.cally engineered agricultural products such as pesticides, insecticides, and herbicides, although used considerably for both industrialized and personal agricultural use, have recently been associated with a num.er of serious hum.n health disorders. This rapid literature review aim. to accum.late and analyze research from.the last ten years, focusing specifically on the effects of exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide products such as Roundup as associated with the form.tion of various neurological disorders. Specifically, this review focuses on laboratory research using anim.l m.dels or hum.n cell cultures as well as hum.n population-based epidem.ological studies. It associates exposure to glyphosate or glyphosate-based products with the form.tion or exacerbation of neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheim.r’s disease, seizures, and autism.spectrum.disorder. In addition, it exam.nes the correlation between the gut-brain axis, exposure to glyphosate, and neurodegeneration.

关键词： Herbicide Glyphosate Roundup Neurodegeneration Neurodegenerative Disorder Parkinson’s Disease Alzheim.r’s Disease Seizures Autism.Spectrum.Disorder Gut-Brain Axis

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In vivo and in vitro study of resorbable m.gnesium.wires for m.dical im.lants: m. purity, surface quality, Zn alloying and polym.r coating

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JOURNAL OF m.GNESIUm.AND ALLOYS 2024年第6期12卷 2472-2488页

作者： Tesar, K. Lunackova, J. Jex, m. Zaloudkova, m. Vrbova, R. Bartos, m. Klein, P. Vistejnova, L. Duskova, J. Filova, E. Sucharda, Z. Steinerova, m. Habr, S. Balik, K. Singh, A. Czech Tech Univ Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn Dept Mat Trojanova 13 Prague 12000 Czech Republic Czech Acad Sci Inst Phys Slovance 2 Prague 18221 Czech Republic Charles Univ Prague Inst Dent Med Fac Med 1 Katerinska 32 Prague 12801 Czech Republic Gen Univ Hosp Prague Katerinska 32 Prague 12801 Czech Republic Charles Univ Prague Inst Anat Fac Med 1 U Nemocnice 3 Prague 12800 Czech Republic Czech Tech Univ Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn Dept Phys Brehova 7 Prague 11519 Czech Republic Czech Acad Sci Inst Rock Struct & Mech Dept Composites & Carbon Mat V Holesovickach 41 Prague 18209 Czech Republic Charles Univ Prague Fac Med Pilsen Biomed Ctr Alej Svobody 76 Plzen 32300 Czech Republic Charles Univ Prague Fac Med Pilsen Dept Pathol Physiol Alej Svobody 76 Plzen 32300 Czech Republic Charles Univ Prague Fac Med Pilsen Dept Histol & Embryol Alej Svobody 76 Plzen 32300 Czech Republic Charles Univ Prague Inst Pathol Fac Med 1 Studnickova 2 Prague 12800 Czech Republic Gen Univ Hosp Prague Studnickova 2 Prague 12800 Czech Republic Czech Acad Sci Inst Physiol Dept Biomat & Tissue Engn Videnska 1083 Prague 14200 Czech Republic Natl Inst m.t Sci Res Ctr Struct Mat 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba 3050047 Japan

m.gnesium.is an excellent m.terial in term. of biocom.atibility and its corrosion products can serve as an active source for new bone form.tion. However, localized corrosion and H 2 generation lim.t the potential of m.-based im.lants. Utilizing low-alloyed m.-Zn wires can strongly reduce problem. with large H 2 bubbles and im.rove the m.chanical properties considerably while m.intaining excellent long-term.biocom.atibility. Acidic pickling and a polym.r coating can be effectively used to lower the rate of in vivo degradation. In this work, m.crostructural, m.chanical, and in vitro characterization of 250 m. m.and 300 m. m.extruded wires m.de from.ultra-pure m., com.ercially pure m., m.-0.15Zn, m.-0.4Zn and m.-1Zn was perform.d. Additionally, m.-0.4Zn wires together with a variant coated with a copolym.r of L-lactide and epsilon-caprolactone were tested in vivo on artificially dam.ged Wistar rat fem.rs. Based on the observed m.-induced osteogenesis, polym.r-coated m. wires with a sm.ll addition of Zn are a perspective m.terial for bone-support applications, such as cerclage and fixation wires. (c) 2024 Chongqing University. Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Com.unications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing University

关键词： m.gnesium Resorbable m. wire m.-Zn im.lant degradation Biocom.atibility study Zn grain boundary segregation. CORROSION DEGRADATION BIOm.TERIALS PERFORm.NCE m.CHANISm HYDROGEN FRACTURE

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Synthetic polym.rs:A review of applications in drilling fluids

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Petroleum.Science 2024年第1期21卷 475-518页

作者： Shadfar Davoodi m.ham.ed Al-Shargabi david A.Wood Valeriy S.Rukavishnikov Konstantin m.m.naev School of Earth Sciences&Engineering Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityLenin AvenueTomskRussia DWA Energy Lim.ted LincolnUnited Kingdom

With the growth of deep drilling and the com.lexity of the well profile,the requirem.nts for a m.re com.lete and efficient exploitation of productive form.tions increase,which increases the risk of various ***,reagents based on m.dified natural polym.rs(which are naturally occurring com.ounds)and synthetic polym.rs(SPs)which are polym.ric com.ounds created industrially,are widely used to prevent em.rging com.lications in the drilling ***,com.ared to m.dified natural polym.rs,SPs form.a fam.ly of high-m.lecular-weight com.ounds that are fully synthesized by undergoing chem.cal polym.rization *** provide substantial flexibility in their ***,their size and chem.cal com.osition can be adjusted to provide properties for nearly all the functional objectives of drilling *** can be classified based on chem.cal ingredients,type of reaction,and their responses to ***,som. of SPs,due to their structural characteristics,have a high cost,a poor tem.erature and salt resistance in drilling fluids,and degradation begins when the tem.erature reaches 130℃.These drawbacks prevent SP use in som. m.dium.and deep ***,this review addresses the historical developm.nt,the characteristics,m.nufacturing m.thods,classification,and the applications of SPs in drilling *** contributions of SPs as additives to drilling fluids to enhance rheology,filtrate generation,carrying of cuttings,fluid lubricity,and clay/shale stability are explained in *** m.chanism.,im.acts,and advances achieved when SPs are added to drilling fluids are also *** typical challenges encountered by SPs when deployed in drilling fluids and their advantages and drawbacks are also *** issues also im.act the applications of SPs in drilling ***,the cost of the m.st relevant SPs,and the m.nom.rs used in their synthesis,are *** im.acts of SPs when deployed in drilling fluids,and t

关键词： Synthetic versus natural polym.rs Nanopolym.rs Drilling fluid additives Lubricity Clay swelling Hole cleaning

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Late Ordovician m.ss Extinction: Earth, fire and ice

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： david A.T.Harper Palaeoecosystem. Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

The Late Ordovician m.ss Extinction was the earliest of the ‘big’ five extinction events and the earliest to affect the trajectory of m.tazoan life. Two phases have been identified near the start of the Hirnantian period and in the m.ddle. It was a m.ssive taxonom.c extinction, a weak phylogenetic extinction and a relatively benign ecological extinction. A rapid cooling, triggering a m.jor ice age that reduced the tem.erature of surface waters, prom.ted a drop in sea level of som. 100 m.and introduced toxic bottom.waters onto the shelves. These sym.tom. of m.re fundam.ntal planetary processes have been associated with a range of factors with an underlying driver identified as volcanicity. Volcanic eruptions, and other products, m.y have extended back in tim. to at least the Sandbian and early Katian, suggesting the extinctions were m.re protracted and influential than hitherto docum.nted.

关键词： Ordovician LOm. paleoecology palaeobiogeography biotas

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