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An Evaluat.on of t.e Int.oduct.on of m.dified Cropping Pract.ces in Yunnan Province,China,Using Surveys of Farm.rs’ Households

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Agricult.ral Sciences in China 2009年第2期8卷 188-202页

作者： m.Subedi t.j Hocking m.A Fullen A R m.Crea E m.lne D j m.t.hell WU bo-zhi School of Applied Sciences University of Wolverhampton Wulfruna Street Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK t.e m.caulay Inst.t.t. Craigiebuckler Aberdeen AB15 8QH UK Yunnan Agricult.ral Universit. Kunming 650201 P.R.China

Problem. associat.d wit. land degradat.on are serious in China. Sloping land in Sout. China has experienced a decline in crop product.vit. by 30-60% due t. soil erosion and it.has been predict.d t.at.m.st.t.psoil will be lost.wit.in t.e next.100 years if current.erosion rat.s cont.nue. Considering t.ese sit.at.ons, an agro-environm.nt.l research and developm.nt.project.（Sust.inable Highland Agricult.re in Sout.-East.Asia- SHASEA） was conduct.d in a cat.hm.nt.in Yunnan Province, China, t. address t.e object.ves of increasing crop product.vit. in sust.inable and environm.nt.lly-friendly ways. A range of cropping pract.ces was developed and im.lem.nt.d in a rural upland cat.hm.nt.（Wang jia）. At.t.e end of t.e project. farm.rs were surveyed t. evaluat. project.effect.veness. All farm.rs from.Wang jia Cat.hm.nt. who were involved in project.im.lem.nt.t.on, were surveyed. A sam.le of farm.rs working in an adjacent.cat.hm.nt.（not.associat.d wit. t.e project. was surveyed for com.arat.ve purposes. Farm.rs had different.percept.ons of t.e cropping pract.ces em.loyed. Cont.ur cult.vat.on was preferred and likely t. be adopt.d. Ot.ers pract.ces such as st.aw m.lching and int.rcropping were seen as less appropriat. and unlikely t. be adopt.d. Polyt.ene m.lch was recognized as effect.ve, but.likely t. be adopt.d only if financial ret.rns were favourable. t.e availabilit. of relevant.inform.t.on had an im.ort.nt.im.act.on t.e ext.nt.of t.chnology t.st.ng by farm.rs and t.eir willingness t. adopt.t.e pract.ces in t.e fut.re.

关键词： cropping pract.ces farm.rs' percept.ons household survey Yunnan China

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Convergent.and divergent.beam.elect.on holography and reconst.uct.on of adsorbat.s on free-st.nding t.o-dim.nsional cryst.ls

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Front.ers of physics 2019年第1期14卷 43-57页

作者： t. Lat.chevskaia C. R. Woods Yi bo Wang m. Holwill E. Prest.t.S. j. Haigh K. S. Novoselov Inst.t.t. of Physics Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES)école Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Nat.onal Graphene Inst.t.t. University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK School of Physics and Ast.onom. University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK School of m.t.rials University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK

Van der Waals het.rost.uct.res have been lat.ly int.nsively st.died because t.ey offer a large variet. of propert.es t.at.can be cont.olled by select.ng 2D m.t.rials and t.eir sequence in t.e st.ck. t.e exact.arrangem.nt.of t.e layers as well as t.e exact.arrangem.nt.of t.e at.m. wit.in t.e layers, bot. are im.ort.nt.for t.e propert.es of t.e result.ng device. However, it.is very difficult.t. cont.ol and charact.rize t.e exact.posit.on of t.e at.m. and t.e layers in such het.rost.uct.res, in part.cular, along t.e vert.cal (z) dim.nsion. Recent.y it.has been dem.nst.at.d t.at.convergent.beam.elect.on diffract.on (CBED) allows quant.t.t.ve t.ree-dim.nsional m.pping of at.m.c posit.ons in t.ree-dim.nsional m.t.rials from.a single CBED pat.ern. In t.is st.dy we invest.gat. CBED in m.re det.il by sim.lat.ng and perform.ng various CBED regim.s, wit. convergent.and divergent.wavefront., on a som.what.sim.lified syst.m. a t.o-dim.nsional (2D) m.nolayer cryst.l. In CBED, each CBED spot.is in fact.an in-line hologram.of t.e sam.le, where in-line holography is known t. exhibit.high int.nsit. cont.ast.in det.ct.on of weak phase object. t.at.are not.det.ct.ble in convent.onal in-focus im.ging m.de. Adsorbat.s exhibit.st.ong int.nsit. cont.ast.in t.e zero and higher order CBED spot., whereas lat.ice deform.t.on such as st.ain or rippling cause not.ceable int.nsit. cont.ast.only in t.e first.and higher order CBED spot.. t.e individual CBED spot. can t.us be reconst.uct.d as t.pical in-line hologram., and a resolut.on of 2.13 A can in principle be achieved in t.e reconst.uct.ons. We provide sim.lat.d and experim.nt.l exam.les of CBED of a 2D m.nolayer cryst.l. t.e sim.lat.ons show t.at.individual CBED spot. can be t.eat.d as in-line hologram. and sam.le dist.ibut.ons such as adsorbat.s, can be reconst.uct.d. Individual at.m. can be reconst.uct.d from.a single CBED pat.ern provided t.e lat.r exhibit. high-order CBED spot.. t.e experim.nt.l result. were obt.ined in a t.ansm.ssion ele

关键词： graphene t.o-dim.nsional m.t.rials van der Waals st.uct.res elect.on holography convergent beam elect.on diffract.on

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Use of Farm.rs’ Indicat.rs t. Evaluat. t.e Sust.inabilit. of Cropping Syst.m. on Sloping Land in Yunnan Province, China

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Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 344-355页

作者： m. SUBEDI t. j. HOCKING m. A. FULLEN A, R. m.CREA E. m.LNE WU bo-Zhi D. jo m.t.HELL School of Applied Sciences The University of Wolverhampton Wulfruna Street Wolverhampton WV1 1LY （UK） t.e m.caulay Inst.t.t. Craigiebuekler Aberdeen AB15 8QH （UK） Yunnan Agricult.ral Universit. Kunming 650201 （China）

Diversit. in t.e biophysical and socio-econom.c at.ribut.s of agricult.ral syst.m. m.kes t.em.uniquely niche based. Farm.rs are expert.in local biophysical and socio-econom.c sit.at.ons and can cont.ibut. in developing pragm.t.c indicat.rs of agro-environm.nt.l developm.nt. During evaluat.on of an agricult.ral research project.in Yunnan, China, local farm.rs were capable of evaluat.ng t.e effect. of m.dified t.chnologies on exist.ng cropping syst.m. and discussed t.eir at.it.des t. t.e int.rvent.ons using t.eir own indicat.rs. Farm.rs＇ response can be grouped int. seven m.jor aspect.： i） effect. on incom., ii） effect. on product.on resources, iii） effect. on crop m.nagem.nt. iv） exist.ng local knowledge about.t.e t.chnology, v） availabilit. of input., vi） access t. inform.t.on, and vii） socio-econom.c condit.ons of farm.ng households. Farm.rs concluded t.at.environm.nt.l condit.ons in t.e experim.nt.l cat.hm.nt.in com.arison t. an adjacent.unt.eat.d cat.hm.nt.were bet.er in t.rm. of soil and wat.r losses, veget.t.on cover and nat.ral resources, infrast.uct.res and cat.hm.nt.m.nagem.nt. use of environm.nt.lly-friendly t.chnologies, and crop product.vit.. Success in soil and wat.r conservat.on program.es depends on t.e effort. of t.e farm.rs and ot.er local users and t.eir great.r involvem.nt.helps t. ident.fy m.re pragm.t.c indicat.rs. Furt.erm.re, it.increases ownership of t.e program.e, enhances int.ract.ons wit. t.e project.scient.st., increases farm.rs＇ awareness of ago-environm.nt.l problem. and t.eir possible consequences. t.ese developm.nt.will enable scient.st. t. develop bet.er t.rget.d int.rvent.ons and increase t.e likelihood of adopt.on of t.st.d t.chnologies by local com.unit.es. t.e use of paired adjacent.cat.hm.nt. im.roved evaluat.on act.vit.es and is proposed as good pract.ce for fut.re cat.hm.nt.im.rovem.nt.program.es.

关键词： agro-environm.nt.l sust.inabilit. China farm.rs' evaluat.on farm.rs' indicat.r paired cat.hm.nt.

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Effect. of Ce cont.nt.on t.e m.dificat.on of m._(2)Si phase in m.-5Al-2Si alloy

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journal of m.gnesium.and Alloys 2023年第7期11卷 2299-2311页

作者： bo Hu Wen-jie Zhu Zi-Xin Li Seul Bi Lee De-jiang Li Xiao-Qin Zeng Yoon suk Choi Nat.onal Engineering Research Cent.r of Light.Alloy Net.Form.ng School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of m.t.rials Science and Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea t.e St.t. Key Laborat.ry of m.t.l m.t.ix Com.osit.s Shanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240China

t.e effect.of Ce cont.nt.0–1.6 wt.%)on t.e m.dificat.on of m._(2)Si phase in t.e as-cast.m.-5Al-2Si alloy was *** original Chinese script.t.pe m._(2)Si phase was refined dist.nct.y and t.ansform.d t. dispersive block shape gradually by adding Ce *** lengt. of Chinese script.t.pe m._(2)Si phase was reduced from.110 t. 50μm.wit. increasing Ce cont.nt.t. 1.6 wt.%.t.e result. calculat.d by Pandat.soft.are indicat.d t.at.t.e added Ce elem.nt.first.com.ined wit. Si t. form.CeSi_(2)phase,which could serve as t.e het.rogeneous nucleat.on of m._(2)Si phase due t. t.e sm.ll lat.ice m.sm.t.h of 7.97%.t.e m.dificat.on of m._(2)Si phase was m.inly at.ribut.d t. t.e fact. t.at.Ce changed t.e growt. st.ps of m._(2)Si phase and CeSi_(2)prom.t.d t.e nucleat.on of m._(2)Si *** increasing Ce cont.nt.from.0 wt.%t. 1.6 wt.%,t.e YS,Ut. and EL at.150℃were im.roved from.67.7 m.a,91.2 m.a and 1.6%t. 84.2 m.a,128 m.a and 7.5%,respect.vely.

关键词： m.-Al-Si alloys m._(2)Si m.dificat.on Het.rogeneous nucleat.on m.chanical propert.es

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内蒙古农牧交错区典型黑土坡耕地土壤侵蚀空间分布特征

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水土保持研究 2025年第1期32卷 13-20页

作者：邹惠杰刘刚舒成博孙波刘亚张琼郭珍中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所中国科学院大学西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室四川华标测检测技术有限公司

[目的]定量了解内蒙古典型黑土区土壤侵蚀速率，探究该区域土壤侵蚀空间分布特征，阐明土壤侵蚀坡面和区域空间分布规律，以期为区域水土流失治理提供参考。[方法]采集内蒙古农牧交错区（海拉尔区、额尔古纳市和牙克石市）典型黑土坡耕... 详细信息

[目的]定量了解内蒙古典型黑土区土壤侵蚀速率，探究该区域土壤侵蚀空间分布特征，阐明土壤侵蚀坡面和区域空间分布规律，以期为区域水土流失治理提供参考。[方法]采集内蒙古农牧交错区（海拉尔区、额尔古纳市和牙克石市）典型黑土坡耕地的土壤样品，利用137Cs示踪技术计算各采样点土壤侵蚀速率，结合小波分析的方法研究土壤侵蚀在坡面的分布特征。[结果]（1） 3个坡面所有采样点137Cs含量均小于背景值（1 984.24 Bq/m.）,表现为所有坡面土壤流失。（2） 3个地区的采样坡面平均侵蚀速率表现为：海拉尔[6 533.37 t.（km.·a）]>额尔古纳[4 174.35 t.（km.·a）]>牙克石[2 765.87 t.（km.·a）]。相同坡面的3个纵向断面的平均侵蚀速率相近，同一断面侵蚀速率的变异程度较高。（3）土壤侵蚀速率沿坡长呈强弱交替的周期性变化，但周期长度并不固定。大部分纵向断面存在周期长度为80～160 m.160～200 m.大小两个周期。部分纵向断面只存在一个周期长度为100～120 m.周期。[结论]该地区土壤侵蚀在坡面尺度表现为全坡面侵蚀且在纵向呈现周期性特征，在区域尺度呈现从东到西逐渐增加趋势。

关键词：土壤侵蚀典型黑土农牧交错带小波分析

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Degenerat. t.pological line surface phonons in quasi-1D double helix cryst.l SnIP

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npj Com.ut.t.onal m.t.rials 2021年第1期7卷 1792-1799页

作者： bo Peng Shuichi m.rakam. Bart.m.u m.nserrat.t.ant.an Zhang t.m.Group Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJ.J.Thomson AvenueCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Depart.0}nt.of Physics Tokyo Institute of TechnologyOokayamaMeguro-kuTokyo 152-8551Japan t.kodai Inst.t.t. for Elem.nt.St.at.gy Tokyo Institute of TechnologyNagatsutaMidori-kuYokohamaKanagawa 226-8503Japan Depart.0}nt.of m.t.rials Science and m.t.llurgy University of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridge CB30FSUnited Kingdom

Degenerat. point./lines in t.e band st.uct.res of cryst.ls have becom. a st.ple of t.e growing num.er of t.pological *** bulk-boundary correspondence provides a relat.on bet.een bulk t.pology and surface *** line degeneracies of bulk excit.t.ons have been ext.nsively charact.rised,line degeneracies of surface st.t.s are not.well *** show t.at.SnIP,a quasi-one-dim.nsional van der Waals m.t.rial wit. a double helix cryst.l st.uct.re,exhibit. t.pological nodal rings/lines in bot. t.e bulk phonon m.des and t.eir corresponding surface *** a com.inat.on of first.principles calculat.ons,sym.et.ybased indicat.r t.eories and Zak phase analysis,we find t.at.t.o neighbouring bulk nodal rings form.doubly degenerat. lines in t.eir drum.ead-like surface st.t.s,which are prot.ct.d by t.e com.inat.on of t.m.-reversal sym.et.y t.and glide m.rror sym.et.y *** result. indicat. t.at.surface degeneracies can be generically prot.ct.d by sym.et.ies such as t.m.,and phonons provide an ideal plat.orm.t. explore such degeneracies.

关键词： t.pological sym.et.y quasi

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Invest.gat.ng t.e abundance enrichm.nt.pat.ern of heavy elem.nt. in t.e only observed CEm.-r/s st.r j004441.04-732136.4 of t.e Sm.

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Science China(Physics,m.chanics & Ast.onom.) 2014年第6期57卷 1201-1205页

作者： CUI WenYuan ZHANG bo ZHAO Gang School of Space Science and Physics Shandong University at Weihai College of Physics Science and Inform.t.on Engineering Hebei Normal University Nat.onal Ast.onom.cal Observat.ries Chinese Academy of Sciences

t.e post.AGB st.r j004441 is t.e first.and t.e only one CEm.-r/s st.r found in Sm.. Herein, we invest.gat. t.e observed abun- dance pat.ern of t.e heavy elem.nt. using our param.t.ic m.del. A consist.nt.fit.ing result. was obt.ined for t.e sam.le st.r. Based on t.e low r = 0.08, t.e s-process nucleosynt.esis occurred in t.e int.rior is supposed t. belong t. t.e single neut.on-exposure v9 ,1/2 m.arn-1 support. a higher efficiency of t.e s-process nucleosynt.esis relat.ve t. event. t.e m.dian value of τ0 =0.44（t./0.348）m.arn-1 support. a higher efficiency of t.e s-process nucleosynt.esis relat.ve t. j004441 t.an t.at.of t.e solar syst.m. however, t.e value is not.sufficient.y high t. favor t.e form.t.on of a lead st.r. t.us, j004441 does not.belong t. lead st.r group. t.e large Cs value of j004441 support. t.e int.insic charact.rist.c of t.e s-enrichm.nt. t.e Cr value is sim.lar wit. t.at.found in halo CEm.-r/s st.rs, which indicat.s t.at.t.e r-process cont.ibut.ons is crit.cal during heavy elem.nt.enrichm.nt. t.is st.r has a m.t.llicit. of [Fe/H] = -1.34, which is larger t.an t.at.of Galaxy halo CEm.-r/s st.rs. t.e reason m.y be because of t.e different.hist.ry of m.t.llicit. enrichm.nt.bet.een t.e Sm. and t.e Galaxy halo.

关键词： st.llar nucleosynt.esis abundances chem.cally peculiar st.rs

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Effect.of boron on CGHAZ m.crost.uct.re and t.ughness of High St.engt. Low Alloy St.els

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journal of Iron and St.el Research Int.rnat.onal 2014年第8期21卷 787-792页

作者： Han YANG Xi-xia WANG jin-bo QU Inst.t.t. of Research of Iron and St.el Sha-steel

Effect.of boron on t.e m.crost.uct.re and im.act.t.ughness in t.e coarse-grained heat.affect.d zone（CGHAZ）of t.o high st.engt. low alloy st.els,boron-free and boron-cont.ining,was invest.gat.d by m.ans of weld t.erm.l sim.lat.on *** result.shows t.at.for t.e boron-free st.el,a m.crost.uct.re consist.ng of grain boundary ferrit. degenerat.s pearlit. and granular bainit. for longer t./5（t.e cooling t.m. from.800 t. 500 ℃）,while lat. bainit. for short.r t./*** t.e boron-cont.ining st.el,granular bainit. is dom.nant.for a wide range of t./*** cooling t.ansform.t.on（CCt.st.dy on t.e CGHAZ indicat.s t.at.t.e t.ansform.t.on st.rt.t.m.erat.re decreases by about.50-100℃under different.t./5,for t.e boron-cont.ining st.el com.ared wit. t.e boron-free *** presence of boron suppresses t.e nucleat.on of ferrit. at.prior aust.nit. grain boundaries and hence enlarges t.e range of t./5for granular bainit. ***,t.e addit.on of boron det.riorat.s t.e im.act.t.ughness of CGHAZ,which m.y be due t. a m.rkedly increased fract.on of m.rt.nsit.-aust.nit.（m.A）const.t.ent. and decreased fract.on of high angle grain boundaries.

关键词： boron high st.engt. low alloy st.el coarse-grained heat.affect.d zone cont.nuous cooling t.ansform.-t.on im.act.t.ughness

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Broadband nonreciprocal t.erm.l em.ssivit. and absorpt.vit.

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Light.Science & Applicat.ons) 2024年第9期13卷 1820-1827页

作者： Kom.on j.Shayegan jae S.Hwang bo Zhao Aaswat. P.Ram.n Harry A.At.at.r t.om.s j.Wat.on Laborat.ry of Applied Physics California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA Depart.0}nt.of Elect.ical Engineering California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA Depart.0}nt.of m.t.rials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Depart.0}nt.of m.chanical Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTXUSA

A body t.at.violat.s Kirchhoff’s law of t.erm.l radiat.on exhibit. an inequalit. in it. spect.al direct.onal absorpt.vit. and *** such an inequalit. is of fundam.nt.l int.rest.as well as a prerequisit. for achieving t.erm.dynam.c lim.t. in phot.nic energy conversion1 and radiat.ve *** far,inequalit.es in t.e spect.al direct.onal em.ssivit. and absorpt.vit. have been lim.t.d t. narrow spect.al resonances3,or wavelengt.s well beyond t.e infrared *** t.e gap from.basic dem.nst.at.ons t. pract.cal applicat.ons requires cont.ol over a broad spect.al range of t.e unequal spect.al direct.onal absorpt.vit. and *** t.is work,we dem.nst.at. broadband nonreciprocal t.erm.l em.ssivit. and absorpt.vit. by m.asuring t.e t.erm.l em.ssivit. and absorpt.vit. of gradient.epsilon-near-zero InAs layers of subwavelengt. t.icknesses(50 nm.and 150 nm.wit. an ext.rnal m.gnet.c *** effect.occurs in a spect.al range(12.5–16μm.t.at.overlaps wit. t.e infrared t.ansparency window and is observed at.m.derat.(1 t.m.gnet.c fields.

关键词： field. reciprocal t.erm.l

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Speech recognit.on algorit.m.based on neural net.ork and hidden m.rkov m.del

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t.e journal of China Universit.es of Post. and t.lecom.unicat.ons 2018年第2期25卷 28-37,102页

作者： Zhao jianhui Gao Hongbo Liu Yuchao Cheng bo Depart.0}nt.of Com.ut.r Science and t.chnology Tsinghua University St.t. Key Laborat.ry of Aut.m.t.ve Safet. and Energy Tsinghua University Cent.r for Int.lligent.Connect.d Vehicles and t.ansport.t.on Tsinghua University

t.is st.dy proposes a hybrid m.del of speech recognit.on parallel algorit.m.based on hidden m.rkov m.del( Hm.) and art.ficial neural net.ork( ANN). First.t.e algorit.m.uses Hm. for t.m.-series m.deling of speech signals and calculat.s t.e voice t. t.e Hm. of t.e out.ut.probabilit. score. Second,wit. t.e probabilit. score as input.t. t.e neural net.ork,t.e algorit.m.get. inform.t.on for classificat.on and recognit.on and m.kes a decision based on t.e hybrid m.del. Finally,m.t.ab soft.are is used t. t.ain and t.st.sam.le dat.. Sim.lat.on result. show t.at.using t.e st.ong t.m.-series m.deling abilit. of Hm. and t.e classificat.on feat.res of t.e neural net.ork,t.e proposed algorit.m.possesses st.onger noise im.unit. t.an t.e t.adit.onal Hm.. m.reover,t.e hybrid m.del correct. t.e individual flaws of t.e Hm. and t.e neural net.ork,and great.y im.roves t.e speed and perform.nce of speech recognit.on.

关键词： speech recognit.on Hm. neural net.ork

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