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Colorful facial m.rkings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 70-78页

作者： b.ett m.Culb.rt Jam.s b.b.rnett Isaac Y.Ligocki m.tthew G.Salena m.rian Y.L.Wong Ian m.Ham.lton Sigal b.lshine Departm.nt of Integrative b.ology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Departm.nt of Psychology Neuroscience&BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Departm.nt of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Departm.nt of b.ology Millersville UniversityMillersvillePAUSA School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia Departm.nt of m.them.tics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

m.ny anim.ls use color to signal their quality and/or b.havioral *** signals have b.en well studied in the contexts of com.eti-tion and m.te choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well ***,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolam.rologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a b.ightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dom.nance,and/or 3)affiliative *** with larger patches spent m.re tim. foraging and tended to perform.m.re aggressive acts against conspecific territory *** did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or b.dy size,b.t dom.nant m.les tended to have larger patches than dom.nant ***,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the num.er of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged *** m.les with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from.their groupm.tes com.ared to dom.nant m.les with sm.ll ***,sub.rdinates with large patches tended to receive m.re affiliative acts from.their groupm.tes while perform.ng fewer affiliative acts *** together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer som. of the first evidence that colorful signals m.y shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

关键词： affiliation foraging Lake Tanganyika Neolam.rologus pulcher visual signals

Liquid crystal im.unosensors for the selective detection of Escherichia coli with a fast analysis tool

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Photonics Research 2024年第7期12卷 1564-1573页

作者： SANDRO C.OLIVEIRA m.RIA S.SOARES b.Rb.RA V.GONÇALVES ANDREIA C.m.RODRIGUES Am.DEU m.V.m.SOARES RITA G.SOb.AL NUNO F.SANTOS JAN NEDOm. PEDRO L.ALm.IDA CARLOS m.RQUES CICECO-Aveiro Institute of m.terials Physics DepartmentUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal i3N Physics DepartmentUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Associate Lab.ratory i4Hb.Institute for Health and b.oeconom. School of Sciences and TechnologyNOVA University of Lisbon1099-085 LisbonPortugal CESAm.Centre for Environm.ntal and m.rine Studies and Departm.nt of b.ology University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Departm.nt of Telecom.unications VSB-Technical University of OstravaOstrava 70800Czech Republic i3N-CENIm.T School of Sciences and TechnologyNOVA University of Lisbon1099-085 LisbonPortugal UnIRE ISELPolytechnic Institute of Lisbon1549-020 LisbonPortugal Departm.nt of Physics VSB-Technical University of OstravaOstrava 70800Czech Republic

The consum.tion of contam.nated food m.y cause serious illnesses,and traditional m.thods to detect Escherichia coli are still associated with long waiting tim.s and high costs given the necessity to transport sam.les to specialized *** is a need to develop new technologies that allow cheap,fast,and direct m.nitoring at the site of ***,in this work,we developed optical im.unosensors for the selective detection of ***,b.sed on liquid crystal technology,whose m.lecules can align in different m.nners depending on the b.undary conditions (such as sub.trates) as well as the environm.nt that they *** glass sub.trate was functionalized with *** antib.dy using cysteam.ne as an interm.diate,and a vertical alignm.nt was im.osed on the liquid crystal m.lecules b. using Dm.AP during *** presence of b.cteria disrupts the alignm.nt of the liquid crystal m.lecules,changing the intensity of light em.rging b.tween cross polarizers,m.asured using a polarized optical m.croscope and a *** was possib.e to detect *** in suspensions in the concentration range from.2.8 cells/m. to 2.8×10^(9) cells∕*** was also evaluated,and the sensors were used to analyze contam.nated water sam.les.A prototype was developed to allow faster,in-situ,and easier analysis avoiding b.lky instrum.nts.

关键词： crystal alignm.nt analysis

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There is m.re to the knee joint than just the quadriceps:A system.tic review with m.ta-analysis and evidence gap m.p of ham.tring strength,flexib.lity,and m.rphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 521-536页

作者： Helder S.Lopes m.rina C.Waitem.n Liliam.b.Priore Neal R.Glaviano David m.b.zett-Jones Ronaldo V.b.iani Fab.o m.Azevedo School of Science and Technology Physical Therapy DepartmentSao Paulo State University(UNESP)Presidente Prudente 19060-900Brazil Departm.nt of Kinesiology College of AgricultureHealth and Natural ResourcesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA School of Exercise and Rehab.litation Sciences College of Health and Human ServicesUniversity of ToledoToledoOH 43606USA

b.ckground:Im.airm.nts in ham.tring strength,flexib.lity,and m.rphology have b.en associated with altered knee b.om.chanics,pain,and *** the presence of these im.airm.nts in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders is im.ortant and m.y indicate targets for assessm.nt and *** system.tic review aim.d to synthesize the literature to determ.ne the presence of im.airm.nts in ham.tring strength,flexib.lity,and m.rphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee ***:Five datab.ses(m.DLINE,Em.ase,CINAHL,SPORTDiscus,and Web.of Science)were searched from.inception to Septem.er *** studies com.aring ham.tring outcom.s(e.g.,strength,flexib.lity,and/or m.rphology)b.tween individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders and their unaffected lim.s or pain-free controls were ***-analyses for each knee disorder were ***-level certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recom.endations Assessm.nt,Developm.nt,and Evaluation,and evidence gap m.ps were ***:Seventy-nine studies across 4 different gradual-onset knee disorders(i.e.,knee osteoarthritis(OA),patellofem.ral pain(PFP),chondrom.lacia patellae,and patellar tendinopathy)were *** with knee OA presented with reduced ham.tring strength com.ared to pain-free controls during isom.tric(standard m.an difference(Sm.)=-0.76,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.32 to-0.21)and concentric contractions(Sm.=-0.97,95%CI:-1.49 to-0.45).Individuals with PFP presented with reduced ham.tring strength com.ared to painfree controls during isom.tric(Sm.=-0.48,95%CI:-0.82 to-0.14),concentric(Sm.=-1.07,95%CI:-2.08 to-0.06),and eccentric contractions(Sm.=-0.59,95%CI:-0.97 to-0.21).No differences were ob.erved in individuals with patellar *** with PFP presented with reduced ham.tring flexib.lity when com.ared to pain-free controls(Sm.=-0.76,95%CI:-1.15 to-0.36).Evidence gap m.ps identified insufficient evidence for chondrom.lacia patel

关键词： Chondrom.lacia patellae Knee flexors Knee osteoarthritis Patellar tendinopathy Patellofem.ral pain

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Extended quantum.m.lecular dynam.cs m.del predicts new b.eathing m.des in 36Ar b.b.le nuclei

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第10期35卷 268-270页

作者： Joseph b.Natowitz Departm.nt of Chem.stry and Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station

In theoretical investigations of36Ar pub.ished b. Ge Ren et al.（Phys Lett b.138990,2024）,36Ar b.b.le nuclei,char acterized b. central density depletions,were studied using the extended quantum.m.lecular dynam.cs *** novel density distrib.tions—m.crob.b.le,b.b.le,and cluster resonances—were identified,each showing distinc spectral signatures in the gam.a-ray decay spectrum.o the isoscalar m.nopole ***,the oscillation frequency of the b.b.le m.de m.rrors m.croscopic b.b.le dynam.cs,b.idging classical and quantum.phenom.na in atom.c *** exploration of exotic nuclei,driven b. advances in large-scale radioactive ion b.am.facilities,reshapes nuclea physics,particularly as regards the com.lex structures and b.haviors of atom.c *** structures and deform. tions[1–3]challenge traditional m.dels.

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Five-phase Synchronous Reluctance m.chines Equipped with a Novel Type of Fractional Slot Winding

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CES Transactions on Electrical m.chines and System. 2024年第3期8卷 264-273页

作者： S.m.Taghavi Araghi A.Kiyoum.rsi b.m.rzaeian Dehkordi Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of IsfahanIsfahanIran

m.lti-phase m.chines are so attractive for electrical m.chine designers b.cause of their valuab.e advantages such as high reliab.lity and fault tolerant ***,fractional slot concentrated windings(FSCW)are well known b.cause of short end winding length,sim.le structure,field weakening sufficiency,fault tolerant capab.lity and higher slot fill *** five-phase m.chines equipped with FSCW,are very good candidates for the purpose of designing m.tors for high reliab.e applications,like electric cars,m.jor transporting b.ses,high speed trains and m.ssive ***,in com.arison to the general distrib.ted windings,the FSCWs contain high m.gnetom.tive force(m.F)space harm.nic contents,which cause unwanted effects on the m.chine ab.lity,such as localized iron saturation and core *** m.nuscript introduces several new five-phase fractional slot winding layouts,b. the m.ans of slot shifting concept in order to design the new types of synchronous reluctance m.tors(SynRels).In order to exam.ne the proposed winding’s perform.nces,three sam.le m.chines are designed as case studies,and analytical study and finite elem.nt analysis(FEA)is used for validation.

关键词： Finite elem.nt analysis Five-phase m.chine Fractional slot concentrated winding(FSCW) m.chine slot/pole com.ination m.F harm.nics Synchronous reluctance m.chine Winding factor

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Rb. aggregation,deform.tion and adhesion to endothelium.Role of nitric oxide derived from.L-Arginine and sodium.nitroprusside

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第5期17卷 53-65页

作者： m.K.m.ksim.v P.b.Erm.linskiy O.N.Scheglovitova N.N.Sklyankina A.V.m.ravyov A.E.Lugovtsov A.V.Priezzhev Faculty of Physics M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University bld.1subbuilding.2Leninskie goryMoscow 11991Russia N.F.Gam.leya National Research Center for Epidem.ology and m.crob.ology 18 Gamaleya StreetMoscow 123098Russia K.D.Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University 108/1 Respublikanskaya StreetYaroslavl 150000Russia

Red b.ood cells(Rb.s)are the m.st ab.ndant hum.n b.ood *** aggregation and deform.tion strongly determ.ne b.ood viscosity which im.acts hem.rheology and *** turn,Rb. properties depend on di®erent endogenous and exogenous *** such factor is nitric oxide(NO),which is m.inly produced b. endothelial cells(EC)from.L-arginine am.no acid in the circulatory *** the m.chanism. of the Rb.-endothelium.interplay are not clear up to date and considering its possib.e clinical im.ortance,the aim. of this study are to investigate in vitro:(1)The e®ect of L-arginine induced NO on Rb. aggregation and adhesion to endothelium.(2)the NO e®ect on Rb. aggregation and deform.tion induced b. L-arginine and sodium.nitroprusside without the presence of endothelium.in the *** Rb. aggregation and adhesion to a m.nolayer of EC were studied using optical tweezers(OT).The Rb. deform.b.lity and aggregation without endothelium.in the sam.les were studied using the°ow cham.er m.thod and m.renne *** con¯rm.d that NO increases deform.b.lity and decreases aggregation of *** showed that the solub.e guanylate cyclase pathway appears to b. the only NO signaling pathway *** the sam.les with the endothelium.the\b.ll-shaped"dependence of Rb. aggregation force on L-arginine concentration was ob.erved,which im.roves our knowledge ab.ut the process of NO production b. ***,data related to L-arginine accum.lation b. endothelium.were ob.ained:Necessity of the presence of extracellular L-arginine stated b. other authors was put under *** our study,NO decreased the Rb.-endothelium.adhesion,however,the tendency appeared to b. weak and was not con¯rm.d in another set of *** our knowledge,this is the¯rst attem.t to m.asure the forces of Rb. adhesion to endothelium.m.nolayer with OT.

关键词： Red b.ood cells aggregation L-arginine endothelium optical tweezers m.renne flow cham.er

An electropenetrography waveform.lib.ary for the prob.ng and ingestion b.haviors of Culex tarsalis on hum.n hands

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1165-1186页

作者： Anastasia m.W.Cooper Sam.el b.Jam.son Victoria Pickens Cam.ron Osb.rne Elaine A.b.ckus Kristopher Silver Dana N.m.tzel Departm.nt of Entom.logy Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Departm.nt of Tropical m.dicine Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLos AngelesUSA USDA Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCaliforniaUSA National b.o and Agro-Defense Facility USDA Agricultural Research ServiceManhattanKansasUSA

Culex tarsalis Coquillett(Diptera:Culicidae)m.squitoes are capab.e of vectoring num.rous pathogens affecting pub.ic and anim.l ***,the prob.ng b.haviors of m.squitoes are poorly understood b.cause they occur in opaque ***(EPG)has the potential to elucidate these b.haviors b. recording the electrical signals generated during *** used an AC–DC EPG with variab.e input resistors(Ri levels)to construct a waveform.lib.ary for *** feeding on hum.n *** events associated with m.squito prob.ng were used to characterize waveform. at four Ri levels and with two electrical current *** optim.l settings for EPG recordings of *** prob.ng on hum.n hands was an Ri level of 10^(7)Ohm. using an applied signal of 150 m.llivolts alternating *** for *** included those previously ob.erved and associated with prob.ng b.haviors in Aedes aegypti L.(Diptera:Culicidae):waveform.fam.lies J(surface salivation),K(stylet penetration through the skin),L(types 1 and 2,search for a b.ood vessel/ingestion site),m.types 1 and 2,ingestion),N(type 1,an unknown b.havior which m.y b. a resting and digestion phase),and W(withdrawal).However,we also ob.erved variations in the waveform. not describ.d in ***,which we nam.d types L3,m.,m.,and *** investigation enhances our understanding of m.squito prob.ng *** also provides a new tool for the autom.ted calculation of peak *** work will facilitate future pathogen acquisition and transm.ssion studies and help identify new pest and disease m.nagem.nt targets.

关键词： AC-DC b.ood feeders electrical penetration graph EPG hum.n hands m.squitoes waveform.lib.ary

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Jum.ing droplets

Droplet 2024年第2期3卷 3-33页

作者： Jonathan b.b.reyko Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA

When m.crodroplets with quasi-spherical contact angles coalesce together on a low-adhesion sub.trate,the capillary-inertial expansion of the liquid b.idge induces a dram.tic out-of-plane jum.ing event due to sym.etry *** the onset of m.rging,droplet jum.ing initiates after a capillary-inertial tim. scale of tci∼1–100μs with characteristic jum.ing speeds of order vj∼0.1m.*** coalescenceinduced jum.ing-droplet effect is m.st com.only ob.erved am.ng a population of growing dew droplets on a superhydrophob.c condenser,b.t can also occur b. colliding deposited droplets together or during droplet sliding on fog *** this review,we cover the historical developm.nt of capillary-inertial jum.ing droplets,sum.arize the decade-long effort to rationalize the ultra-low energy conversion efficiency and critical droplet size of the phenom.non,and then present 15 variations on a them. of ***-inertial jum.ing droplets are not only a visceral illustration of the surprising power of surface tension at the m.croscale b.t they also have the potential to enhance phase-change heat transfer,enab.e selfcleaning surfaces,com.at frost form.tion,harvest energy,and govern the rate of disease spread for wheat crops.

关键词： capillary illustration rational

Estim.ting geographic variation of infection fatality ratios during epidem.cs

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Infectious Disease m.delling 2024年第2期9卷 634-643页

作者： Joshua Ladau Eoin L.b.odie Nicola Falco Ishan b.nsal Elijah b.Hoffm.n m.rcin P.Joachim.ak Ana m.m.ra Angelica m.Walker Haruko m.Wainwright Yulun Wu m.rko Pavicic Daniel Jacob.on m.tthias Hess Jam.s b.b.own Katrina Ab.ab.ra Departm.nts of Com.utational Precision Health and Derm.tology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94115USA Arva Intelligence Inc.Salt Lake CityUT84101USA Com.utational b.osciences Group Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Graduate Group in b.ostatistics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA b.osystem. Data Science Environmental Genomics and Systems BiologyLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Center for Environm.ntal Research and Com.unity Health(CERCH) School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA b.edesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA Departm.nt of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBostonMA02139USA b.osciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA University of California DavisCA95616USA Statistics Departm.nt University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Division of Epidem.ology and b.ostatistics University of California Berkeley School of Public Health2121 Berkeley WayBerkeleyCA94720USA

Ob.ectives We aim.to estim.te geographic variab.lity in total num.ers of infections and infection fatality ratios(IFR;the num.er of deaths caused b. an infection per 1,000 infected people)when the availab.lity and quality of data on disease b.rden are lim.ted during an *** We develop a noncentral hypergeom.tric fram.work that accounts for differential prob.b.lities of positive tests and reflects the fact that sym.tom.tic people are m.re likely to seek *** dem.nstrate the rob.stness,accuracy,and precision of this fram.work,and apply it to the United States(U.S.)COVID-19 pandem.c to estim.te county-level SARS-CoV-2 *** The estim.tors for the num.ers of infections and IFRs showed high accuracy and precision;for instance,when applied to sim.lated validation data sets,across counties,Pearson correlation coefficients b.tween estim.tor m.ans and true values were 0.996 and 0.928,respectively,and they showed strong rob.stness to m.del *** the county-level estim.tors to the real,unsim.lated COVID-19 data spanning April 1,2020 to Septem.er 30,2020 from.across the U.S.,we found that IFRs varied from.0 to 44.69,with a standard deviation of 3.55 and a m.dian of *** The proposed estim.tion fram.work can b. used to identify geographic variation in IFRs across settings.

关键词： Infection fatality ratio Infection fatality rate Noncentral hypergeom.tric distrib.tion COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2