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Disposal and Use of Sewage on Agricultural Lands in Pakistan: A Review

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Pedosphere 2010年第1期20卷 23-34页

作者： G. m.RTAZA A. GHAFOOR m. QADIR G. OWENS m. A. AZIZ m. H. zia SAIFULLAH Institute of Soil and Environm.ntal Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabad-38040 (Pakistan) Centre for Environm.ntal Risk Assessm.nt and Rem.diation University of South Australia International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) International Water m.nagem.nt Institute (IWm.) Technical Services Departm.nt Fauji Fertilizer Company Ltd.

Raw sewage is widely used on agricultural soils in urban areas of developing countries to m.et water shortages. Although it is a good source of plant nutrients, such sewage also increases the heavy m.tal load to soils, which m.y im.act the food chain. m.nagem.nt options for sewage contam.nated soils includes addition of nontoxic com.ounds such as lim., calcium.sulfate and organic m.tter, which form.insoluble m.tal com.lexes, thus reducing m.tal phytoavailability to plants. In this paper we review the variation in irrigation quality of sewage at different sites and its im.act on the quality of soils and vegetables. Although quality of sewage was highly variable at source, yet the effluent from.food industries was relatively safe for irrigation. In com.arison effluent sam.les collected from.textile, dyeing, calendaring, steel industry, hospitals and clinical laboratories, foundries and tanneries were hazardous with respect to soluble salts, sodium.adsorption ratio and heavy m.tals like zinc, copper, iron, m.nganese, nickel, cobalt and cadm.um. The sewage quality in m.in drains was better than that at the industry outlet, but was still not safe for irrigation. In general, higher accum.lation of m.tals in fruits and vegetable roots was recorded com.ared to that in plant leaves, Edible parts of vegetables （fruits and/or leaves） accum.lated m.tals m.re than the perm.ssible lim.ts despite the soils contained am.onium.bicarbonate diethylenetriam.nepentaacetie acid extractable m.tals within a safe range. In either case further scientific investigations are needed to ensure safe m.nagem.nt strategies. Cadm.um.appeared to be the m.st threatening m.tal especially in leafy vegetables. It is advisable to avoid leafy vegetables cultivation in sewage irrigated areas everywhere to restrict its entry into food chain.

关键词： contam.nation heavy m.tals irrigation soil quality vegetables

Com.arative investigation of m.crostructure and high-tem.erature oxidation resistance of high-velocity oxy-fuel sprayed CoNiCrAlY/nano-Al_(2)O_(3) com.osite coatings using satellited powders

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International Journal of m.nerals,m.tallurgy and m.terials 2023年第9期30卷 1779-1791页

作者： Pejm.n Zam.ni zia Valefi Faculty of m.terials and m.nufacturing Technologies Malek Ashtar University of TechnologyIsfahan 83145/115Iran

Satellited CoNiCrAlY–Al_(2)O_(3)feedstocks with 2wt%, 4wt%, and 6wt% oxide nanoparticles and pure CoNiCrAlY powder were deposited by the high-velocity oxy fuel process on an Inconel738 superalloy substrate. The oxidation test was perform.d at 1050℃ for 5, 50, 100,150, 200, and 400 h. The m.crostructure and phase com.osition of powders and coatings were characterized by scanning electron m.croscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The bonding strength of the coatings was also evaluated. The results proved that with the increase in the percentage of nanoparticles(from.2wt% to 6wt%), the am.unt of porosity(from.1vol% to 4.7vol%), unm.lted particles, and roughness of the coatings(from.4.8 to 8.8 μm. increased, and the bonding strength decreased from.71 to 48 m.a. The thicknesses of the therm.lly grown oxide layer of pure and com.osite coatings(2wt%, 4wt%, and 6wt%) after 400 h oxidation were m.asured as 6.5, 5.5, 7.6, and 8.1 μm. *** CoNiCrAlY–2wt% Al_(2)O_(3)coating showed the highest oxidation resistance due to the diffusion barrier effect of well-dispersed nanoparticles. The CoNiCrAlY–6wt% Al_(2)O_(3)coating had the lowest oxidation resistance due to its rough surface m.rphology and porous m.crostructure.

关键词： m.rAlY coating CoNiCrAlY-Al_(2)O_(3)com.osite satellited feedstock m.crostructure high-tem.erature oxidation high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying

Biosynthesis of Flower-Shaped CuO Nanostructures and Their Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities

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Nano-m.cro Letters 2020年第2期12卷 224-234页

作者： Hafsa Siddiqui m.Qureshi Fozia zia Haque Departm.nt of Physics Sha-Shib College of Science and ManagementBhopal 462030India Optical Nanom.terial Lab Department of PhysicsMaulana Azad National Institute of TechnologyBhopal 462003India

Copper oxide nanoflowers(CuO-NFs)have been synthesized through a novel green route using Tulsi leaves-extracted eugenol(4-allyl-2-m.thoxyphenol)as reducing *** results reveal the growth of crystalline singlephase CuO-NFs with m.noclinic *** prepared CuO-NFs can effectively degrade m.thylene blue with 90%*** also show strong barrier against ***(27±2 m.)at the concentration of 100μg m.−1,while at the concentration of 25μg m.−1 weak barrier has been found against all exam.ned bacterial *** results provide im.ortant evidence that CuO-NFs have sustainable perform.nce in m.thylene blue degradation as well as bacterial organism..

关键词： Copper oxide O.Sanctum Eugenol Biosynthesis Photocatalysis Antibacterial

B-DRIVE:A blockchain based distributed IoT network for sm.rt urban transportation

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2021年第4期2卷 37-48页

作者： m.ham.ed zia GIScience Chair Institute of GeographyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelberg69120Germany

In this paper,I present B-DRIVE—a blockchain-based distributed IoT(Internet of Things)network for sm.rt urban *** network is designed to connect a large fleet of IoT devices,installed on various vehicles and roadside infrastructures,to distributed data storage centers,called as Full-Nodes,to log and dissem.nate sensor generated *** connects devices from.around the city to m.ltiple Full-Nodes to log tim.stam.ed data into the *** sensors vary from.GPS(Global Positioning System.,air quality m.ter,gyrom.ter to speed cam.ras in order to facilitate efficient urban *** three identified hardware layers that com.rise the network are the IoT layer,Storage layer,and User *** consist of m.ving/Static-Nodes,Full-Nodes,and Sm.rt devices,*** m.ving/Static-Nodes are prim.rily m.de up of m.ving vehicles and road-side infrastructures,respectively,thus acting as various data ***,Full-Nodes and Sm.rt devices are institutions and m.bile phones,acting as data handler/dissem.nator and navigator/data visualizer,*** data,or data blocks,received by Full-Nodes get appended into Full and Running-Blockchain,m.ant for specific *** network is designed to be free from.any block m.ning *** provides open access to anonym.us sensor data to end-users,especially scientists,policy-m.kers and entrepreneurs,to develop innovative urban transportation *** is believed that a system.like B-DRIVE,along with existing VANETs(Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks),is capable of answering som. of the current urban transportation issues around traffic congestion,navigation,and vehicle *** applications of blockchain data could vary from.user activity m.pping to VGI(volunteered geographic inform.tion)data quality *** identified lim.tations of the presented architecture are the low processing power of current IoT devices and the lack of urban IoT infrastructure.

关键词： Blockchain Open data Urban traffic Internet of Things Vehicle navigation

Assessm.nt of seism.c hazard of roller com.acted concrete dam.site in Gilgit-Baltistan of northern Pakistan

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2021年第3期20卷 621-630页

作者： Shahzada Khurram.Perveiz Khalid Jahanzeb Qureshi zia Ud Din Institute of Geology University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan Departm.nt of Space Science University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan

The proposed site of the Diam.r Bhasha Dam.in northern Pakistan is situated in an active tectonic zone with intensive seism.city,which m.kes it necessary for seism.c hazard analysis(SHA).Determ.nistic and probabilistic approaches have been used for SHA of the dam.*** m.in m.ntle Thrust(m.T),m.in Karakaram.Thrust(m.T),Raikot-Sassi Fault(RKSF)and Kohistan Fault(KF)have been considered as m.jor seism.c sources,all of which can create m.xim.m.ground shaking with m.xim.m.potential earthquake(m.E).Determ.nistically estim.ted m.E for m.gnitudes of 7.8,7.7,7.6,and 7.1 can be produced from.m.T,m.T,RKSF and KF,*** corresponding peak ground accelerations(PGA)of 0.07,0.11,0.13 and 0.05 g can also be generated from.these earthquakes,*** determ.nistic analysis predicts a so-called floating earthquake as a m.E of m.gnitude=7.1 as close as 10 km.away from.the *** corresponding PGA was com.uted as 0.38 g for a m.xim.m.design earthquake at the project ***,the probabilistic analysis revealed that the PGA with 50%probability of exceedance in 100 years is 0.18 ***,this PGA value related to the operational basis earthquake(OBE)is suggested for the design of this project with shear wave velocity(V_(s30))equal to 760 m.s under dense soil and soft rock conditions.

关键词： seism.c hazard analysis peak ground acceleration Gilgat-Biltastan Diam.r Bhasha Dam

Transparent neural interfaces:challenges and solutions of m.croengineered m.ltim.dal im.lants designed to m.asure intact neuronal populations using high-resolution electrophysiology and m.croscopy sim.ltaneously

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m.crosystem. & Nanoengineering 2023年第3期9卷 1-30页

作者： Z.Fekete A.Zátonyi A.Kaszás m.m.darász A.Slézia Research Group for Im.lantable m.crosystem. Faculty of Information Technology&BionicsPázmány Péter Catholic UniversityBudapestHungary Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience&Psychology Eotvos Lorand Research NetworkBudapestHungary m.nes Saint-Etienne Centre CMPDépartement BELF-13541 GardanneFrance Institut de Neurosciences de la Tim.ne CNRS UMR 7289&Aix-Marseille Université13005 MarseilleFrance János Szentágothai PhD Program.of Sem.elweis University BudapestHungary BrainVision Center BudapestHungary

The aim.of this review is to present a com.rehensive overview of the feasibility of using transparent neural interfaces in m.ltim.dal in vivo experim.nts on the central nervous *** electrophysiological and neuroim.ging approaches hold great potential for revealing the anatom.cal and functional connectivity of neuronal ensem.les in the intact *** approaches are less tim.-consum.ng and require fewer experim.ntal anim.ls as researchers obtain denser,com.lex data during the com.ined *** devices that provide high-resolution,artifactfree neural recordings while facilitating the interrogation or stim.lation of underlying anatom.cal features is currently one of the greatest challenges in the field of *** are num.rous articles highlighting the trade-offs between the design and developm.nt of transparent neural interfaces;however,a com.rehensive overview of the efforts in m.terial science and technology has not been *** present work fills this gap in knowledge by introducing the latest m.cro-and nanoengineered solutions for fabricating substrate and conductive ***,the lim.tations and im.rovem.nts in electrical,optical,and m.chanical properties,the stability and longevity of the integrated features,and biocom.atibility during in vivo use are discussed.

关键词： m.dal resolution transparent

An exclusive fine-needle biopsy approach to sam.ling solid lesions under EUS guidance:a prospective cohort study

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第5期8卷 349-354,I0001页

作者： Lindsey m.Tem.ykh m.hm.ud A.Rahal Zahra zia m.ham.ad A.Al-Haddad Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

Background Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy(EUS-FNB)is increasingly utilized to enhance the cytological yield of sam.ling solid lesions,but its superiority over existing fine-needle aspiration(FNA)platform. has not been clearly *** aim.of our study was to com.are the diagnostic accuracy and procedural outcom.s of FNB using a new Franseen-tip needle to that of a traditional FNA in sam.ling solid lesions under EUS *** Consecutive patients with solid lesions referred for EUS-FNB sam.ling were ***-related outcom.s were collected prospectively including patient dem.graphics,num.er of passes perform.d,diagnostic sam.le adequacy,adverse events,and recovery *** Acquire needle was used to sam.le all lesions in the study *** EUSFNA procedures perform.d to sam.le solid lesions using the Expect needle were utilized as *** There were 180 patients undergoing EUS-FNB com.ared to 183 patients undergoing EUS-FNA procedures for solidlesion *** procedure tim. was significantly shorter in patients who underwent FNB com.ared to FNA(m.an:37.4 vs 44.9 m.nutes,Pm.d in the FNB cohort com.ared to the FNA group(m.an:2.9 vs 3.8,Pm.ared to the FNA group(98.3%vs 90.2%,P=0.003).No significant difference in the incidence of adverse events was observed between the FNB and FNA groups(1.1%vs 0.5%,P=0.564).Conclusions An FNB-exclusive approach to sam.ling solid lesions under EUS guidance is safe and feasible,and m.y result in fewer overall passes,shorter procedure tim.,and im.roved diagnostic *** m.y replace FNA as the prim.ry sam.ling m.dality of choice in all solid lesions.

关键词： endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle biopsy fine-needle aspiration pancreatic tum.rs

Effect of chrom.um.on growth attributes in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2008年第12期20卷 1475-1480页

作者： FOzia Andaleeb m.HAm.AD Anjum.zia m.HAm.AD Ashraf ZAFAR m.hm.od Khalid National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Departm.nt of Chem.stry and Biochem.stry University of Agriculture Departm.nt of Botany University of Agriculture

Heavy m.tal soil pollution takes place when the m.tal concentration of soil exceeds natural background level and causes ecological destruction and deterioration of the *** the present study,a pot experim.nt was conducted to evaluate the effect of chrom.um.contam.nated soil in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)growth *** different levels of chrom.um.Cr)i.e.,20, 40,and 60 m./kg were applied to three varieties of sunflower(G-3,G-9,and G-59).The results of m.rphological,chem.cal,and yield p...

关键词： Helianthus annuus L. soil chrom.um growth attributes

Assessing crop water stress of winter wheat by therm.graphy under different irrigation regim.s in North China Plain

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2012年第3期5卷 24-34页

作者： Sham.ila zia Du Wenyong Wolfram.Spreer Klaus Spohrer He Xiongkui Joachim.m.ller Institute of Agricultural Engineering in the Tropics and Subtropics(440e) Universität HohenheimStuttgartGermany College of Science Centre for Chemicals Application TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

Therm.l im.ging can be used as an indicator of water stress due to the closure of stom.tal *** this paper,we analyzed the robustness and sensitivity of therm.graphy of winter wheat in the North China *** seasonal and diurnal variations of Crop Water Stress Index(CWSI)were *** treatm.nts were applied by m.ans of irrigation,with plots receiving 100%of ETo(DI),50%(D50),16%(D16)and no irrigation(NI).A high correlation was found between stom.tal conductance(gs)and CWSI,depending on the phenological stage of the crop with R2=0.44 at pre-heading stage and R2=0.77 at post-heading *** addition,a high correlation between yield and CWSI at different growth stages indicates that therm.graphy can predict *** m.asurem.nts of canopy tem.erature were taken to study the effect of the tim. of day on im.ge acquisition and it was found that m.dday was the m.st appropriate *** results should assist in designing precision irrigation scheduling for setting the threshold values.

关键词： CWSI Triticum.aestivum.L. stom.tal conductance canopy tem.erature yield