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Detailed characterization of kHz-rate laser-driven fusion at a thin liquid sheet with a neutron detection suite

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： Benjamin m.Knight Connor m.Gautam Colton R.Stoner Bryan v.Egner Joseph R.Smith Chris m.Orban Juan J.manfredi Kyle D.Frische michael L.Dexter Enam A.Chowdhury Anil K.Patnaik Department of Engineering Physics Air Force Institute of TechnologyWPAFBOHUSA Physics Department Marietta CollegeMariettaOHUSA Department of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Intense Energy Solutions LLCPlain CityOHUSA

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(<1 μm) D_2O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic inte... 详细信息

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(m) D_2O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic intensity(~ 5 × 10^(18)W/cm^(2))and high repetition rate(1 kHz), the system produces deuterium±deuterium(D-D) fusion, allowing for consistent neutron generation. Evidence of D-D fusion neutron production is verified by a measurement suite with three independent detection systems: an EJ-309 organic scintillator with pulse-shape discrimination, a ~3He proportional counter and a set of 36 bubble detectors. Time-of-flight analysis of the scintillator data shows the energy of the produced neutrons to be consistent with 2.45 mev. Particle-in-cell simulations using the WarpX code support significant neutron production from D-D fusion events in the laser±target interaction region. This high-repetition-rate laser-driven neutron source could provide a low-cost, on-demand test bed for radiation hardening and imaging applications.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser-driven fusion laser-plasma interaction liquid target neutron detectors

2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen D.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago v.Barreira mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht John m.Schuna Jr. Zhenghui Cai minghui Quan Catrine Tudor-Locke melicia C.Whitt-Glover David R. Jacobs Jr. Kansas Center for metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Sciences Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of Exercise and Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across *** original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health ***:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 *** a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(mET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since *** replaced estimated mETs with measured values when ***:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 *** added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing mET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of mETs for older *** added a major Heading(video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 major ***:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health *** new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Adults Energy expenditure Exercise mET Physical Activities

Quantum correlations and entanglement in coupled optomechanical resonators with photon hopping via Gaussian interferometric power analysis

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 204-211页

作者： Y.Lahlou B.maroufi m.Daoud LPHE-mS Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco LPmS Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesIbn Tofail UniversityKénitraMorocco

Quantum correlations that surpass entanglement are of great importance in the realms of quantum information processing and quantum ***,for quantum systems prepared in pure states,it is difficult to differentiate between quantum entanglement and quantum ***,this indistinguishability is no longer holds for mixed *** contribute to a better understanding of this differentiation,we have explored a simple model for both generating and measuring these quantum *** study concerns two macroscopic mechanical resonators placed in separate Fabry–Pérot cavities,coupled through the photon hopping *** system offers a comprehensively way to investigate and quantify quantum correlations beyond entanglement between these mechanical *** key ingredient in analyzing quantum correlation in this system is the global covariance *** forms the basis for computing two essential metrics:the logarithmic negativity(E_(N)^(m))and the Gaussian interferometric power(P_(G)^(m)).These metrics provide the tools to measure the degree of quantum entanglement and quantum correlations,*** study reveals that the Gaussian interferometric power(P_(G)^(m))proves to be a more suitable metric for characterizing quantum correlations among the mechanical modes in an optomechanical quantum system,particularly in scenarios featuring resilient photon hopping.

关键词： quantum correlations entanglement Gaussian interferometric power logarithmic negativity optomechanics photon hopping

Supramolecular Polymerization of Hydrogen-Bonded Trimers in Bulk and Aqueous medium

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第6期6卷 1458-1465页

作者： Freek v.de Graaf Stef A.H.Jansen Sandra m.C.Schoenmakers Bas van Genabeek marle E.J.vleugels Bart W.L.van den Bersselaar E.W.meijer Ghislaine vantomme Institute for Complex molecular Systems Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryEindhoven University of Technology5600 MBEindhoven School of Chemistry and RNA Institute University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052

Synthetic molecules that form functional noncovalent assemblies in water have received much attention for their potential applications as *** this work,we introduce a novel water-compatible monomer based on the phthalhydrazide moiety that assembles into hydrogen-bonded trimeric *** bulk,the material exhibits a cylindrical nanostructure in the liquid-crystalline phase at elevated temperatures,morphologically distinct from the crystalline lamellar *** water,these molecules effectively form cylinders in a one-dimensional fashion,yielding fibrous *** formation of these supramolecular polymers follows a cooperative mechanism,as evidenced by denaturation *** trimerized pattern represents a new category of aqueous su pramolecular polymers with future prospects for functional complex molecular systems.

关键词： noncovalent chemistry supramolecular polymers hydrogen bonding cooperativity nanostructure

Anomalies in the short-range local environment and atomic diffusion in single crystalline equiatomic CrmnFeCoNi highentropy alloy

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5336-5348页

作者： Alevtina Smekhova Daniel Gaertner Alexei Kuzmin Ana Guilherme Buzanich Goetz Schuck Ivo Zizak Gerhard Wilde Kirill v.Yusenko Sergiy Divinski Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für materialien und Energie(HZB) D-12489 BerlinGermany Institute of materials Physics University of MünsterD-48149 MünsterGermany Institute of Solid State Physics University of LatviaLV-1063 RigaLatvia Bundesanstalt für materialforschung und–prüfung(BAm) D-12489 BerlinGermany

multi-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS)spectroscopy combined with reverse monte Carlo(RmC)simulations was used to probe the details of element-specific local coordinations and component-dependent structure relaxations in single crystalline equiatomic CrmnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy as a function of the annealing *** representative states,namely a high-temperature state,created by annealing at 1373 K,and a low-temperature state,produced by long-term annealing at 993 K,were compared in *** features identified in atomic configurations of particular principal components indicate variations in the local environment distortions connected to different degrees of compositional disorder at the chosen representative *** detected changes provide new atomistic insights and correlate with the existence of kinks previously observed in the Arrhenius dependencies of component diffusion rates in the CrmnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy.

关键词： high-entropy alloys diffusion short-range order extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS) reverse monte Carlo

Expanded Porphyrin Exhibiting Off-Centered Out-of-Plane Coordination to Dysprosium

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第7期6卷 1731-1738页

作者： Dmitry I.Nazarov Jorge Labella Alexey v.Kuzmin maxim A.Faraonov Evgenii N.Ivanov Salavat S.Khasanov Tomas Torres mikhail K.Islyaikin Dmitri v.Konarev Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and medicinal Chemistry RAS 142432 Chernogolovka Department of Organic Chemistry Universidad Autonoma de Madrid28049 Madrid Institute of Solid-State Physics RAS 142432 Chernogolovka Research Institute of macroheterocycles Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology15300 Ivanovo G.A.Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 153045 Ivanovo Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences Universidad Autonoma de Madrid28049 Madrid ImDEA-Nanociencia 28049 Madrid

The complexation of high-spin lanthanides to porphyrinoids is a powerful strategy for the development of advanced molecular *** this context,the use of expanded porphyrinoids remains elusive since their coordination chemistry is challenging to ***,taking inspiration from on-surface chemistry,we explored the coordination of Dy^(3+)to a six-membered porphyrinoid,namely,the hemihexaphyrazine ***,we observed the selective formation of a mono-nuclear off-centered,out-of-plane H_(2)Hhp-Dy^(3+)complex when performing the complexation under reductive *** this reaction,the oxidation state of the macrocycle did not *** X-ray diffraction analysis,we found that the coordination number of Dy in this complex was *** macrocycle cocrystallized with decamethylcobaltocene(Cp_(2)^(*)Co)molecules,giving rise to a wellordered solid-state packing,governed byπ-π*** a result of this organization,a small magnetic coupling between the neighboring molecules was *** in all,this work provides key insights into the coordination of magnetically active metals with expanded porphyrinoids,thus motivating the development of advanced spintronic devices.

关键词： porphyrins dysprosium macrocycle coordination chemistry magnetism

Within-host models unravelling the dynamics of dengue reinfections

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Infectious Disease modelling 2024年第2期9卷 458-473页

作者： vizda Anam Bruno v.Guerrero Akhil Kumar Srivastav Nico Stollenwerk maíra Aguiar Basque Center for Applied mathematics Basque CountrySpain Department of mathematics and Statistics University of Basque CountryBasque CountrySpain Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for ScienceBasque CountrySpain

Caused by four serotypes,dengue fever is a major public health concern *** modeling efforts have mostly focused on primary and heterologous secondary infections,assuming that lifelong immunity prevents reinfections by the same ***,recent findings challenge this assumption,prompting a reevaluation of dengue immunity *** this study,we develop a within-host modeling framework to explore different scenarios of dengue *** previous studies,we go beyond a deterministic framework,considering individual immunological *** deterministic and stochastic models are calibrated using empirical data on viral load and antibody(Igm and IgG)concentrations for all dengue serotypes,incorporating confidence intervals derived from stochastic *** good agreement between the mean of the stochastic realizations and the mean field solution for each model,our approach not only successfully captures primary and heterologous secondary infection dynamics facilitated by antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE)but also provides,for the first time,insights into homotypic reinfection *** study discusses the relevance of homotypic reinfections in dengue transmission at the population level,highlighting potential implications for disease prevention and control strategies.

关键词： infections immunity prevention

magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy launch with remote telemedicine international proctorship

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Chronic Diseases and Translational medicine 2024年第1期10卷 40-50页

作者： Igor v.Buzaev Rezida m.Galimova Dinara I.Nabiullina Sergey N.Illarioshkin Naufal Sh.Zagidullin Shamil m.Safin Department of Surgery Bashkir State Medical UniversityUfaRussia Intelligent Neurosurgery Clinic Ltd.International Medical Center V.S.Buzaev memorialUfaRussia Directorate Research Center of NeurologyVolokolamskoye ShosseMoscowRussia

Background: COvID-19 limitations have hindered the implementation of new technologies by preventing proctors from coming to the *** share our first experience of magnetic resonance imaging(mRI)-guided focused ultrasound(mRgFUS)treatment with an international remote online proctorship,and develop and evaluate the methodology of remote mRgFUS ***: This single-center,nonrandomized controlled prospective study included 94 patients:27 with essential tremor(ET)and 67 with tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease(PD).The coming of proctors was impossible,so we arranged for the remote participation of proctors from the United Kingdom,Spain,and Israel.A total of 38 patients(40.4%)received telemedicine-proctored treatment(proctor group)and 56 received their treatment independently(solo group).We used the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor(CRST)for ET patients and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS)Part III for PD ***: In patients with ET,success rates were 81.8%(proctor group)and 100%(solo group)(p=0.22).CRST reduction on the treated side was 71.43%[65.83%;80.56%](proctor group)versus 60.87%[53.99;79.58](solo group)(p=0.19).None of the patients showed worsening of tremors within 1 *** patients with PD,the success rates were 92.6%(proctor group)and 100%(solo group)(p=0.08).The UPDRS Part III improvement was 30.1%(proctor group)versus 39.9%(solo group)(p=0.003).The 1-year recurrence rate was 40%(proctor group)and 17.5%(solo group)(p=0.04).No complications were observed at 6 ***: We developed a feasible and safe methodology for telemedicine remote online-proctored mRgFUS *** significant difference was observed between the solo and developed remote proctor protocols in terms of complication rate,effect,and long-term results;however,UPDRS Part III improvement was better in the PD solo *** study demonstrated that the mRgFUS international proctorship can be performed successfully remotely.

关键词： essential tremor mRgFUS Parkinson's disease proctor telemedicine

On self-affine tiles that are homeomorphic to a ball

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Science China mathematics 2024年第1期67卷 45-76页

作者： Jorg m.Thuswaldner Shu-Qin Zhang mathematics and Statistics University of LeobenLeoben 8700Austria School of mathematics and Statistics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Let m be a 3×3 integer matrix which is expanding in the sense that each of its eigenvalues is greater than 1 in modulus and let D?Z^(3)be a digit set containing|det m|*** the unique nonempty compact set T=T(m,D)defined by the set equation mT=T+D is called an integral self-affine tile if its interior is *** D is of the form D={0,v,...,(|det m|-1)v},we say that T has a collinear digit *** present paper is devoted to the topology of integral self-affine tiles with collinear digit *** particular,we prove that a large class of these tiles is homeomorphic to a closed 3-dimensional ***,we show that in this case,T carries a natural CW complex structure that is defined in terms of the intersections of T with its neighbors in the lattice tiling{T+z:z∈Z^(3)}induced by *** CW complex structure is isomorphic to the CW complex defined by the truncated octahedron.

关键词： self-afine sets tiles and tilings low-dimensional topology truncated octahedron