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Drought events influence nutrient canopy exchanges and green leaf partitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

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Forest ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： J.Touche C.Calvaruso p.De Donato m.-p.Turpault INrAe BEFF-54000NancyFrance Umr 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance ecoSustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events expected in the coming decades in Western europe may disturb forest biogeochemical cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in *** possible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period between resorption,foliar leaching and senesced ***,the effects of drought events on this partitioning and the consequences for the maintenance of tree nutrition are poorly *** experiment in a beech forest in meuse(France)was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canopy exchanges and on the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence *** aim was to identify potential nutritional consequences of droughts for *** nutrient dynamics,including resorption,chemistry of green and senesced leaves,foliar absorption and leaching in mature beech stands from 2012 to 2019 allowed us to compare the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a decrease by almost a third of the potassium(K)partitioning to resorption(*** efficiency),thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing *** result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity expected for the coming decades,there will be a risk of potassium deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion experiment on the same study *** foliar leaching and higher parititioning to the senesced leaves for K and phosphorus(p)were also *** addition,a slight increase in nitrogen(N)resorption efficiency occurred during dry years which is more likely to improve tree *** calcium(Ca)negative resorption decreased,with no apparent consequence in our study *** results show that nutrient exchanges in the canopy and the partitioning of the green leaf

关键词： Natural drought Beech forest Canopy resorption Foliar leaching Senesced leaves Nutrition

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radioisotope production using lasers:From basic science to applications

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matter and radiation at extremes 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： m.r.D.rodrigues A.Bonasera m.Scisciò J.A.pérez-Hernández m.ehret F.Filippi p.L.Andreoli m.Huault H.Larreur D.Singappuli D.molloy D.raffestin m.Alonzo G.G.rapisarda D.Lattuada G.L.Guardo C.Verona Fe.Consoli G.petringa A.mcNamee m.La Cognata S.palmerini T.Carriere m.Cipriani G.Di Giorgio G.Cristofari r.De Angelis G.A.p.Cirrone D.margarone L.Giuffrida D.Batani p.Nicolai K.Batani r.Lera L.Volpe D.Giulietti S.Agarwal m.Krupka S.Singh Fa.Consoli Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly eNeA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro de Láseres pulsados(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universidad de Salamanca SalamancaSpain Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CeLIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 energy Holdings pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of mathematics and physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia“e.majorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàdi Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly eLI Beamlines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic eTSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Dipartimento Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of plasma physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The discovery of chirped pulse amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few *** with energies of tens of meV can be accelerated using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and focused on secondary *** such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for medical *** use of high-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on *** this paper,we study the production of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)C,which are currently used in positron emission tomography and other *** the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy *** experiment was performed at the 1 pW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salamanca,*** distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using a high purity germanium *** results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained following the approach of Kimura and Bonasera[*** ***.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estimates backward

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Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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matter and radiation at extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： J.Cikhardt m.Gyrdymov S.Zähter p.Tavana m.m.Günther N.Bukharskii N.Borisenko J.Jacoby X.F.Shen A.pukhov N.e.Andreev O.N.rosmej Faculty of electrical engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused energy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany National research Nuclear University mephI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev physical Institute rAS Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation moscow Institute of physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. Synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In anexperiment at the pHeLIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 meV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the emission has an FWHm of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emissiontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

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enhancing high-temperature oxidation resistance(at 1000 °C) of nickel superalloy obtained by laser powder bed fusion via reactive electric spark treatment

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Transactions of Nonferrous metals Society of China 2024年

作者： S.K.mUKANOV m.I.peTrZHIK A.e.KUDrYASHOV e.A.NAUmOVA F.A.BASKOV p.A.LOGINOV e.A.LeVASHOV National University of Science and Technology mISIS

The high-temperature oxidation resistance of the nickel superalloy grown by the Laser powder Bed Fusion (LpBF) has been significantly increased as a result of in-situ formation of a thermal barrier layer (α-Al2O3+ CamoO4) during oxidative annealing of surface layers modified by electric spark treatment (eST). The reactive eST of the LpBF-built items based on nickel ep741Np alloy was carried out with low-melting Al-12%Si， Al-6%Ca-0.6%Si and Al-7%Ca-1%mn electrodes. It was found that at eST done by Al-7%Ca-1%mn electrode an intermetallic (β-NiAl + γ’-Ni3Al) 15 microns thick layer reinforced by spherical oxide (Came)O nanoparticles was formed. Formation of that structure increases the wear resistance of LpBF nickel superalloy by 4.5 times. Further oxidative annealing at 1000 °C lead to a formation of continuous two-layered coating with an inner layer of α-Al2O3and an outer layer of CamoO4， which together act as an effective barrier preventing the diffusion of oxygen into the volume of the superalloy.

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Overview of the Association Between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hypertension

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Cardiology Discovery 2024年第1期4卷 30-37页

作者： Niki S.Kakouril Costas G.Thomopoulos eirini p.Siafi Angeliki e.Valatsoul Kyriakos S.Dimitriadis Iliana p.mani Sotirios p.patsilinakos Dimitrios m.Tousoulis Konstantinos p.Tsioufis First Department of Cardiology Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensHippokration HospitalAthens 11527Greece Department of Cardiology Elena Venizelou HospitalAthens 11521Greece Department of Cardiology General Hospital Agia OlgaAthens 14233Greece

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and its prevalence is rising. NAFLD is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, with both conditions sharing common clinical characteristics such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia. Several observational studies have evaluated the relationship between NAFLD and hypertension, with the overall evidence suggesting a bidirectional relationship. It is hypothesized that activation of the sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin systems, observed in NAFLD with or without insulin resistance promotes the development of hypertension. In patients with hypertension, activation of these systems can lead to hepatic fibrosis and progressive inflammation through increased oxidative stress and activation of hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells. The present review examines the pathophysiologic and clinical evidence supporting the bidirectional association between NAFLD and hypertension.

关键词： Hypertension Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Insulin resistance Sympathetic nervous system metabolic syndrome

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The new kid on the block in insect pest management:sprayable rNAi goes commercial

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1766-1768页

作者： Junjie Yan ralf Nauen Stuart reitz Andrei Alyokhin Jiang Zhang David mota-Sanchez Yonggyun Kim Subba reddy palli Silvia I.rondon Brian A.Nault Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes michael S.Crossley William e.Snyder Angharad m.r.Gatehouse myron p.Zalucki Bruce e.Tabashnik Yulin Gao State Key Laboratory for Biology of plant Disease and Insect pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Bayer AG Crop Science DivisionR&DPest ControlMonheim 40789Germany Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityOntario 97914USA School of Biology and ecology University of MaineOrono 04469USA Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China Department of entomology Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48864USA Department of plant medicals Andong National UniversityAndong 36729Republic of Korea Department of entomology University of KentuckyLexington 40503USA Oregon State University Oregon Integrated Pest Management CenterCorvallis 97838USA Department of entomology Cornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGeneva 14456USA Department of entomology and plant pathology University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA Department of entomology and Wildlife ecology University of DelawareNewark 19716USA Department of entomology University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia 30602USA School of Natural and environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUK School of the environment University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Shandong engineering research Center for environment-Friendly Agricultural pest management College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Department of entomology University of ArizonaTucson 85721USA National Center of excellence for Tuber and root Crop research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Insect pest damage to crops is a threat to global food security(Tilman et al.,2011).Climate change,the evolution of insecticide resistance,and the phasing out of insecticides due to environmental and safety concerns exacerbate this *** urgently need safe and effective crop protection tools to sustainably generate yields that meet ever-increasing global demand.

关键词： crops damage pest

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positive health:An integrated quantitative approach in patients with chronic gastrointestinal and hepato-pancreatico-biliary disorders

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第28期30卷 3418-3427页

作者： Anja H W m Lemlijn-Slenter Karolina Ap Wijnands Gijs van der Hamsvoort Luuk p van Iperen Nico Wolter Angelique e de rijk Ad Am masclee Department of Social medicine Faculty of HealthMedicine and Life sciencesCare and Public Health Research Institute Maastricht UniversityMaastricht 6200 MDLimburgNetherlands Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht 6200 MDLimburgNetherlands Social medical Affairs Employee Insurance Agency(UWV)Heerlen 6400 ACLimburgNetherlands Department of research Academic Knowledge Center Work and Health South-East Netherlands(AKAG-ZON)Heerlen 6400 ACLimburgNetherlands

BACKGrOUND The concept of positive health(pH)supports an integrated approach for patients by taking into account six dimensions of *** approach is especially relevant for patients with chronic *** gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatico-biliary(GI-HpB)disorders are among the top-6 of the most prevalent chronically affected organ *** impact of chronic GI-HpB disorders on individuals may be disproportionally high because:(1)The affected organ system frequently contributes to a malnourished state;and(2)persons with chronic GIHpB disorders are often younger than persons with chronic diseases in other organ *** To describe and quantify the dimensions of pH in patients with chronic GI-HpB *** prospective,observational questionnaire study performed between 2019 and 2021 in 235 patients with a chronic GIHpB disorder attending the Outpatient Department of the maastricht University medical *** questionnaires and data from patient files were used to quantify the six dimensions of *** consistency was tested with mcDonald’s ***-order pearson correlations and t-tests were used to assess associations and differences.A p valueered *** The GI-HpB patients scored significantly worse in all dimensions of pH compared to control data or norm scores from the general *** quality of life,participation and daily functioning,GI-HpB patients scored in the same range as patients with chronic disorders in other organ systems,but depressive symptoms(in 35%)and malnutrition(in 45%)were more frequent in patients with chronic GI-HpB *** scores between the six dimensions were only very weak to weak,forcing us to quantify each domain *** All six dimensions of pH are impaired in the GI-HpB *** and depressive symptoms are more prevalent compared to patients with chronic disorders in other organ systems.

关键词： positive health Chronic gut disorders Gastrointestinal disorders Hepato-pancreatico-biliary disorders Integrated care

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Optimization and control of synchrotron emission in ultraintense laser–solid interactions using machine learning – COrrIGeNDUm

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High power Laser Science and engineering 2024年第1期12卷 116-116页

作者： J.Goodman m.King e.J.Dolier r.Wilson r.J.Gray p.mcKenna 不详

Due to an isolated error in the 3D simulation parameters,the laser energy and intensity(calculated using the energy)values were incorrectly stated as 10.9 J and 3×10^(22) W cm^(−2),respectively,in Sections 3.3,7 and *** correct values are 39.8 J and 1.1×10^(23) W cm^(−2).Similarly,the values stated for the higher energy case,109 J and 3×10^(23) W cm^(−2) in Section 7,should be 398 J and 1.1×10^(24) W cm^(−2),respectively.

关键词： Bayesian optimization gamma rays laser-solid interactions machine learning radiation reaction

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Synthesis of coral-like structures of pr-Yb co-doped YIG: Structural,optical, magnetic and antimicrobial properties

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Journal of rare earths 2024年第3期42卷 543-554,I0004页

作者： A.Fernandez Francisca p.Araujo Y.Guerra S.Castro-Lopes J.matilla-Arias Idglan S.de Lima edson C.Silva-Filho Josy A.Osajima F.Guerrero r.pena-Garcia Federal University of piau Graduate Program in Materials Science and EngineeringTeresinaPIBrazil Federal rural University of pernambuco Academic Unit of Cabo de Santo AgostinhoCabo de Santo AgostinhoPEBrazil Federal University of piaui Department of PhysicTeresinaPBrazil Federal University of pernambuco Graduate Program in Materials ScienceRecifePEBrazil University of Granma Departmentof Basic Sciences and Applied InformaticsFaculty of Technical SciencesBayamoCuba Federal University of Amazonas Department of PhysicManausAMBrazil Federal University of pernambuco Department of PhysicRecifePEBrazil

Coral-like structures of the Y_(3-x)pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12),(0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.04, 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.02) compound were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural investigation certified the YIG cubic crystal structure formation, without any secondary phase. It is shown that, the relatively large ionic radius of the dopant cations results in an expansion of the lattice parameter, variations in the Iona-O-Iondangle, Iona-O,Iond-O and Ionc-O bond distances and decrease in the average crystallite size. Fourier transform infrared(FTIr) and raman measurements are essential to testify the single-phase formation of YIG crystal structure and are observed changes in the stretching and vibrational modes, respectively. The morphological study, energy dispersive spectroscopy(eDS) spectra and textural properties show corallike structures, peaks associated with pr^(3+) and Yb^(3+) atoms and the effect of dopants on surface area,diameter, and pore volume, respectively. The optical analysis from diffuse reflectance spectra witnessed an increase in the optical gap band, a decrease in Urbach energy and blue shift in the charge transfer,correlated with the expansion of the unit cell due to the dopant's insertion in the YIG structure. A typical ferrimagnetic behavior is exhibited by the Y_(3-x)pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12)compound. The saturation magnetization(m_(s)), cubic anisotropy constant(K_(1)) and coercive field(H_(c)) increase with the pr^(3+)cations content, as consequence of their magnetic nature and distribution around of Fe^(3+)ions due to the coexistence with the Yb^(3+). Finally, for the first time, antibacterial tests by mean of the direct contact method were performed for YIG co-doped with pr^(3+)and Yb^(3+)and it is shown that, relatively high dosages of pr^(3+) cations favored the activity against S. aureus, therefore, a new biological property for YIG doped with rare earths is presented.

关键词： Yttrium iron garnet(YIG) Coral-like structures rare earths Band gap energy magnetic properties Antimicrobial properties

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rising tide: The global surge of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents demands action now

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 797-809页

作者： Joseph m pappachan Cornelius James Fernandez Ambika p Ashraf Department of endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Department of endocrinology&metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Division of pediatric endocrinology and Diabetes Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States

Childhood-onset obesity has emerged as a major public healthcare challenge across the globe,fueled by an obesogenic environment and influenced by both genetic and epigenetic *** has led to an exponential rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and *** looming wave of diabetes-related complications in early adulthood is anticipated to strain the healthcare budgets in most *** there is a collective global effort to curb the devastation caused by the situation,the impact is poised to be pro-found.A multifaceted research effort,governmental legislation,and effective social action are crucial in attaining this *** article delves into the current epidemiological landscape,explores evidence concerning potential risks and consequences,delves into the pathobiology of childhood obesity,and discusses the latest evidence-based management strategies for diabesity.

关键词： Childhood obesity Diabesity Type 2 diabetes mellitus Adolescence Cardiovascular disease pharmacotherapy

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