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Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs cortical motor activity and executive function

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： Xiang Ren Tan Mary C.Stephenson Sharifah Badriyah Alhadad Kelvin W.Z.Loh Tuck Wah soong Jason K.W.Lee Ivan C.C.Low Health and Social Sciences Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore Human Potential Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117593Singapore Heat Resilience and Performance Centre Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117510Singapore N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE) Singapore 138602Singapore

Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive function.While heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and function.Methods:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(T_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,respectively.In a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling strategy.Data were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(T_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging techniques.Results:T_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in T_(re).With the development of hyperthermia,T_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising T_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(T_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive hyperthermia.Executive function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital cortex.Conversely,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both T_(re)and T_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural perturbations.Conclusion:Severe heat exposure elevates T_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.

关键词： Brain functional activity Cognition Heat stress Hyperthermia Motor function

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Type 1 interferon-induced IL-7 maintains CD8＋ T-cell responses and homeostasis by suppressing PD-1 expression in viral hepatitis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第2期12卷 213-221页

作者： Lifei Hou Zuliang Jie Yuejin Liang Mayura Desai lynn soong Jiaren Sun Department of Microbiology and Immunology Institute for Human Infections and Immunity University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA and Department of Pathology Institute for Human Infections and Immunity University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA These authors contributed equally to this work

Type 1 interferon （IFN-I） promotes antigen-presenting cell maturation and was recently shown to induce hepatic IL-7 production during infection. Herein, we further explored the underlying mechanisms used by I FN-I to orchestrate antiviral immune responses in the liver. Acute viral hepatitis was induced by i.v. injection of adenovirus （Ad） in IFN-a receptor knockout （IFNAR-/-） and control mice. To disrupt signaling, monoclonal antibodies （mAbs） against IL-7 receptor alpha （IL-7Re） or PD-L1 were i.p. injected. We found that CD8＋ T cells in IFNAR-/- mice were less effective than those in control mice. The reduced T-cell function was accompanied by increased levels of PD-1 expression, apoptosis and decreased IFN-7 production. The lack of IFN-I signaling also impaired the expression of accessory molecules in both intrahepatic dendritic cell （DCs） and hepatocytes. PD-L1 was comparably and highly expressed on hepatocytes in both IFNAR-/- and control mice. Injection of PD-Ll-specific mAb in IFNAR-/- mice reversed the compromised immune responses in the liver. Further investigation showed that hepatic IL-7 elevation was less pronounced in IFNAR-/- mice compared to the controls. A treatment with recombinant IL-7 suppressed PD-1 expression on CD8＋ T cells in vitro. Accordingly, blocking IL-7R signaling in vivo resulted in increased PD-1 expression on CD8＋ T cells in Ad-infected mice. Collectively, the results suggest that IFN-I-induced hepatic IL-7 production maintains antiviral CD8＋ T-cell responses and homeostasis by suppressing PD-1 expression in acute viral hepatitis.

关键词： CD8＋ T cell interleukin-7 PD-1 type 1 interferon viral hepatitis

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Anode surface engineering of zinc-ion batteries using tellurium nanobelt as a protective layer for enhancing energy storage performance

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 113-123页

作者： Soobeom Lee Yeonjin Je Boeun Seok Hyun Tae Kim Yong-Ryun Jo soong Ju Oh Byoungyong Im Dae Guen Kim Sang-Soo Chee Geon-Hyoung An Department of Energy System Engineering Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52725Republic of Korea Nano Convergence Materials Center Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology(KICET)Jinju 52851Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea GIST Advanced Insitute of Instrumental Analysis(GAIA) Electron Microscopy LaboratoryGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju 61005Republic of Korea Center for Advanced Materials and Processing Institute for Advanced EngineeringYongin 17180Republic of Korea Department of Energy Engineering Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52725Republic of Korea

Over the years,zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have attracted attention as a promising next-generation energy storage technology because of their excellent safety,long cycling performance,eco-friendliness,and high-power density.However,issues,such as the corrosion and dissolution of the Zn anode,limited wet-tability,and lack of sufficient nucleation sites for Zn plating,have limited their practical application.The introduction of a protective layer comprising of tellurium(Te)nanobelts onto the surface of Zn anode has emerged as a promising approach to overcome these limitations and improve the electrochemical behav-ior by enhancing the safety and wettability of ZIBs,as well as providing numerous nucleation sites for Zn plating.In the presence of a Te-based protective layer,the energy power density of the surface-engineered Zn anode improved significantly(ranging from 310 to 144 W h kg^(-1),over a power density range of 270 to 1,800 W kg^(-1)),and the lifespan capability was extended.These results demonstrate that the proposed strategy of employing Te nanobelts as a protective layer holds great promise for enhancing the energy storage performance of zIBs,making them even more attractive as a viable energy storage solution forthefuture.

关键词： Zn ion battery Anode Protective layer Tellurium Nanobelt

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IL-33 induces immunosuppressive neutrophils via a type 2 innate lymphoid cell/IL-13/STAT6 axis and protects the liver against injury in LCMV infection-induced viral hepatitis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第2期16卷 126-137页

作者： Yuejin Liang Panpan Yi Denley Ming Kee Yuan Zuliang Jie Zakari Kwota lynn soong Yingzi Cong Jiaren Sun Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555-1070USA Department of Infectious Diseases Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of HunanXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China Pathology and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555-1070USA

Viral hepatitis is still a public health problem affecting several million people around the world.Neutrophils are polymorphonuclear cells that have a critical role in antibacterial infection.However,the role of neutrophils in viral infection is not fully understood.By using a mouse model of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection-induced viral hepatitis,we observed increased neutrophil recruitment in the liver accompanied by enhanced CD8+T-cell responses.Liver neutrophils expressed high levels of immunomodulatory cytokines,such as C-X-C chemokine ligand 2,arginase-1,inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin(IL)-10,demonstrating immunosuppressive properties.Depletion of neutrophils in vivo by a neutralizing antibody resulted in the exacerbation of liver injury and the promotion of T-cell responses at the immune contraction stage.IL-33 significantly induced neutrophil recruitment in the liver and attenuated liver injury by limiting effector T-cell accumulation.Mechanistically,we found that IL-33 promoted the expression of arginase-1 in neutrophils through the type 2 innate lymphoid cell(ILC2)-derived IL-13.Additionally,IL-13 increased the inhibitory effect of neutrophils on CD8+T-cell proliferation in vitro,partially through arginase-1.Finally,we found that IL-13 induced arginase-1 expression,depending on signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 6(STAT6)signaling.Therefore,IL-33 induced immunosuppressive neutrophils via an ILC2/IL-13/STAT6 axis.Collectively,our findings shed new light on the mechanisms associated with IL-33-triggered neutrophils in the liver and suggest potential targets for therapeutic investigation in viral hepatitis.

关键词： IL-33 ILC2 neutrophils viral infection liver

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Dislocation characteristics and dynamic recrystallization in hot deformed AM30 and AZ31 alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第12期10卷 3495-3505页

作者： Hyeon-Woo Son soong-Keun Hyun Metallic Materials Division Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon 51508Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon 22212Republic of Korea

Zn addition to Mg alloys activates non-basal slip or twinning with solute softening effects.On the other hand,the effects of the Zn solute on the macroscopic dislocation behavior and dynamic recrystallization are not completely understood.Moreover,it is unclear ifslip can be affected by changes in the c/a ratio of solute atoms.This study was conducted to understand the solute strengthening of Zn addition and its effects on the dislocation characteristics and dynamic recrystallization.A hot torsion test was performed on both AM30 and AZ31 alloys up to a high strain to investigate the Zn solute effect on the dislocation characteristics and dynamic recrystallization.The dislocation components of the hot torsioned alloys were evaluated by X-ray line profile analysis and electron backscatter diffraction.The results showed that the Zn solutes slightly accelerate strain accumulation at the initial stages of hot deformation,which accelerated recrystallization at high strain.The dislocation characteristics were changed dynamically by Zn addition:fortified-type slip,dislocation arrangement and strain anisotropy parameters.The most important point was that the dislocation characteristics were changed dramatically at the critical strain for recrystallization and high strain regions.The addition of Zn also acted greatly in these strain areas.This indicates that the rapid formation of-type slip at the serrated grain boundaries occurs at the initiation of dynamic recrystallization and the increase in the grain triple junction because grain refinement has a great influence on the dislocation characteristics at high strain.

关键词： Magnesium alloy X-ray line profile Solid solution Dislocation density Dynamic recrystallization

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Transactive Energy Systems in Active Distribution Networks:A Comprehensive Review

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第5期8卷 1302-1317页

作者： Yunyang Zou Yan Xu Xue Feng R.T.Naayagi Boon-Hee soong School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Engineering Cluster Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Newcastle University InternationalSingapore 567739Singapore

Increasing penetration of distributed energy resources(DERs)introduced by different stakeholders,poses an immense challenge to power network operators.The traditional direct control of local DERs has the risk of violating preferences and privacies of stakeholders.A promising solution for supplydemand coordination is to utilize a transactive energy(TE)based energy management method to indirectly coordinate the local DERs,which enables the distribution-level energy providers,consumers,and prosumers to trade energy with each other through a transactive energy system(TES)trading platform.This paper provides a comprehensive review of a TES and presents a detailed classification from different perspectives,including TES participants,structure,commodity,clearing method,and solution algorithm.The presented detailed component-scale classification can be used as a reference for future TES designs.Finally,two additional market tools,i.e.,penalty mechanism and loss allocation mechanism,are discussed as future focus areas,which can be seen as necessary complements to a TES for ensuring feasibility and fairness of energy trading.

关键词： Auction mechanism distributed energy resources distribution locational marginal pricing game theory transactive energy uncertainty

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RT-PCR检测亚马孙利什曼原虫P-4和GP-46基因表达

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中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 2006年第4期24卷 266-268页

作者：王华民 soong lynn 海南医学院微生物学与免疫学教研室海口571101 Dept of Microbiology and Immunology University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX.USA

目的证明亚马孙利什曼原虫前鞭毛体和无鞭毛体的基因表达水平。方法用RNA分离试剂盒,分别提取3种不同来源的无鞭毛体(由小鼠模型皮损组织获得的无鞭毛体、由前鞭毛体培养转化而来的无鞭毛体,以及来自J774.G8巨噬细胞株的无鞭毛体)的总R... 详细信息

目的证明亚马孙利什曼原虫前鞭毛体和无鞭毛体的基因表达水平。方法用RNA分离试剂盒,分别提取3种不同来源的无鞭毛体(由小鼠模型皮损组织获得的无鞭毛体、由前鞭毛体培养转化而来的无鞭毛体,以及来自J774.G8巨噬细胞株的无鞭毛体)的总RNA,以及前鞭毛体总RNA,然后用SuperScripⅡ逆转录聚合酶将其逆转录为cD-NA,再经PCR扩增无鞭毛体特异核酸酶(P-4)和前鞭毛体特异膜糖蛋白(GP-46)的特异片段,经1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析。结果3种不同来源的无鞭毛体均观察到P-4特异性条带(273bp),且密度相似,但在前鞭毛体中未观察到;在前鞭毛体中观察到高表达的GP-46特异性条带(325bp),但在3种无鞭毛体中弱表达。结论由前鞭毛体转化的无鞭毛体能高水平表达亚马孙利什曼原虫无鞭毛体P-4特异基因,可为其生物化学及免疫学研究提供无鞭毛体来源。

关键词：亚马孙利什曼原虫无鞭毛体前鞭毛体阶段特异性蛋白

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Process Tolerant and Power Efficient SRAM Cell for Internet of Things Applications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 3425-3446页

作者： T.G.Sargunam Lim Way soong C.M.R.Prabhu Ajay Kumar Singh Faculty of Engineering and Technology Multimedia UniversityMelaka75450Malaysia School of Engineering and Computing Manipal International UniversityNilai71800Malaysia Electronics and Communication Engineering Department NIIT UniversityNeemarana301705India

The use of Internet of Things(IoT)applications become dominant in many systems.Its on-chip data processing and computations are also increasing consistently.The battery enabled and low leakage memory system at subthreshold regime is a critical requirement for these IoT applications.The cache memory designed on Static Random-Access Memory(SRAM)cell with features such as low power,high speed,and process tolerance are highly important for the IoT memory system.Therefore,a process tolerant SRAM cell with low power,improved delay and better stability is presented in this research paper.The proposed cell comprises 11 transistors designed with symmetric approach for write operations and single ended circuit for read operations that exhibits an average dynamic power saving of 43.55%and 47.75%for write and 35.59%and 36.56%for read operations compared to 6 T and 8 T SRAM cells.The cell shows an improved write delay of 26.46%and 37.16%over 6 T and 8T and read delay is lowered by 50.64%and 72.90%against 6 T and 10 T cells.The symmetric design used in core latch to improve the write noise margin(WNM)by 17.78%and 6.67%whereas the single ended separate read circuit improves the Read Static Noise Margin(RSNM)by 1.88x and 0.33x compared to 6 T and 8T cells.The read power delay product and write power delay product are lower by 1.94x,1.39x and 0.17x,2.02x than 6 T and 8 T cells respectively.The lower variability from 5000 samples validates the robustness of the proposed cell.The simulations are carried out in Cadence virtuoso simulator tool with Generic Process Design Kit(GPDK)45 nm technology file in this work.

关键词： SRAM cell low power process efficient read stability write ability static noise margin PVT variation internet of things

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Leaching of lanthanide and yttrium from a Central Appalachian coal and the ashes obtained at 550-950℃

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第5期40卷 807-814,I0005页

作者： Ronghong Lin Yee soong Bret H.Howard Murphy J.Keller Elliot A.Roth Ping Wang Evan J.Granite U.S.Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory626 Cochrans Mill RoadP.O.Box 10940PittsburghPA15236United States Keylogic Systems.Pittsburgh PA15236United States

In this work,we investigated leaching of lanthanide and yttrium(REY) from a Central Appalachian coal and its ashes obtained at 550-950℃ with the main purpose of understanding the impact of ashing temperature on REY leachability in water,ammonium sulfate,and hydrochloric acid.It is found that the coal contains a negligible amount of water-soluble REY,less than 1% ion-exchangeable REY,and about 28% of HCl-soluble REY.Ashing leads to dramatic changes in REY leachability in both ammonium sulfate and hydrochloric acid solutions,which is believed to be related to transformation and redistribution of organically-associated REY in coal during the ashing process.Ashing temperature significantly affects REY leaching from coal ashes;higher ashing temperature results in lower REY leachability in both solutions.Clay minerals may play a significant role in changing the leachability of REY after ashing.In addition,the results also suggest that the organic matter in the coal is relatively enriched in heavy REY.

关键词： Acid leaching Cation exchange Coal Coal ash Rare earth elements Yttrium

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Flow Structure and Heat Transfer Between Two Disks Rotating Independently

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Journal of Thermal Science 2003年第1期12卷 62-67页

作者： Chyi-Yeou soong Department of Aeronautical Engineering Feng Chia University Seatwen Taiching

In the present paper,fluid flow and convective heat transfer between two co-axial disks rotating independently are dealt with mainly based on the author's recent research on that topic.Three rotational modes,i.***.co-rotation,rotor-stator,and counter-rotation,are considered.Theory of rotating non-isothermal fluids with the presence of disk rotation and thermal effects is addressed.Rotational buoyancy effects on the flow structure development are highlighted.Results of flow visualization and heat transfer measurements are discussed to explore the thermal flow mechanisms involved in the two-disk flow at various rotational and geometric conditions.Potential issues open to the future investigation are also proposed.

关键词：热传导旋转圆盘流结构

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