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Geographic patterns of plant-herbivore interactions are driven by soil fertility

Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第4期12卷 653-661页

作者： Joshua S.lynn Jason D.Fridley Department of Biology Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Department of Biology University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA

Aims Geographic patterns of the intensity of plant herbivory in relation to climate factors have garnered little general support and appear to be species ***,plant-herbivore interactions are also driven by resource availability,such as soil nutrient content,and it remains unclear whether broad-scale variation in soil factors is reflected in herbivore consumption rates across species’***,we know little of how intraspecific variation in tissue quality associates with edaphic and climatic factors,and how this variation controls herbivore *** resource availability hypothesis(RAH)predicts that plant individuals growing in low-resource environments will have lower leaf nutritional quality and more constitutive defenses,which will result in lower rates of leaf *** We collected leaves from the old-field dominant species,Solidago altissima L.,from 20 sites across 10 degrees of latitude in the Eastern USA to determine the percentage leaf area consumed by insect *** obtained soil and climate data for each site,as well as plant functional and defensive traits,including specific leaf area(SLA),leaf carbon:nitrogen(C:N),and trichome *** Findings Although we found no significant latitudinal trend of leaf consump-tion rate,there was strong evidence that leaf herbivory decreased with leaf C:N and trichome density,which themselves decreased with soil N,supporting our hypothesis that the RAH applies for intraspecific variation across spatial ***,high precipitation seasonality and soil nitrogen predicted decreased *** results suggest that spatial variation in herbivory can be driven by factors other than herbivore communities and climatic gradients,and that bottom-up processes,where plant traits and soil fertility control leaf consumption,must be incorporated into spatial predictions of herbivory.

关键词： biogeography bottom-up controls old fields plant-insect interactions plant functional and defense traits

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Multitarget stool DNA tests increases colorectal cancer screening among previously noncompliant Medicare patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第3期23卷 464-471页

作者： Mark Prince lynn Lester Rupal Chiniwala Barry Berger USMD Health System ArlingtonTX 76017United States USMD Health System Fort WorthTX 76104United States USMD Health System Irving TexasTX 75039United States Exact Sciences Corporation MadisonWI 53729United States

AIM To determine the uptake of noninvasive multitarget stool DNA (mt-s DNA) in a cohort of colorectal cancer(CRC) screening non-compliant average-risk Medicare *** This cross sectional primary care office-based study examined mt-s DNA uptake in routine clinical practice among 393 colorectal cancer screening non-compliant Medicare patients ages 50-85 ordered by 77 physicians in a multispecialty group practice (USMD Physician Services, Dallas, TX) from October, 2014-September, 2015. Investigators performed a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant retrospective review of electronic health records to identify mt-s DNA use in patients who were either > 10 years since last colonoscopy and/or > 1 year since last fecal occult blood test. Test positive patients were advised to get diagnostic colonoscopy and thereafter patients were characterized by the most clinically significant lesion documented on histopathology of biopsies or excisional tissue. Descriptive statistics were employed. Key outcome measures included mt-s DNA compliance and diagnostic colonoscopy compliance on positive *** Over 12 mo, 77 providers ordered 393 mt-sD NA studies with 347 completed (88.3% compliance). Patient mean age was 69.8 (50-85) and patients were 64% female. Mt-sD NA was negative in 85.3%(296/347) and positive in 14.7%(51/347). Follow-up colonoscopy was performed in 49 positive patients (96.1% colonoscopy compliance) with two patients lost to follow up. Index findings included: colon cancer(4/49, 8.2%), advanced adenomas (21/49, 42.9%), non-advanced adenomas(15/49, 30.6%), and negative results (9/49, 18.4%). The positive predictive value for advanced colorectal lesions was 51.0% and for any colorectal neoplasia was 81.6%. The mean age of patients with colorectal cancer was 70.3 and all CRC's were localized Stage Ⅰ(2) and Stage Ⅱ (2), three were located in the proximal colon and one was located in the distal *** Mt-s DNA provided medi

关键词： Multitarget stool DNA Advanced adenoma Screening compliance Colonoscopy Colorectal cancer screening Preventive

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Intermediate-Term Seismic Precursors to the Loma Prieta California Earthquake of 1989

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International Journal of Geosciences 2022年第10期13卷 905-917页

作者： lynn R. Sykes Felix Waldhauser David P. Schaff Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Palisades NY USA

We use precise locations of earthquakes to study forerunning seismic activity to the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake of magnitude 6.9 to the south of San Francisco, California, USA. Relocated shocks of magnitude 4.3 to 5.4 and smaller micro-earthquakes define a distinct zone of nearly the same orientation as the mainshock. That separate zone broke in the 15 months prior to the 1989 mainshock. That feature, which we call the Lake Elsman fault zone, is identified as the site of a prominent intermediate-term (yearly) precursor very close to the coming 1989 mainshock. That zone experienced a relatively large stress decrease during the nearby great earthquake of 1906. From the occurrence of the Lake Elsman shocks, we deduce that stress drop was only restored in the 15 months prior to the 1989 main event. Those stresses are consistent with little forerunning seismic activity in the region after 1906, later increases just before the 1989 mainshock and a decrease in activity thereafter. The southern Santa Cruz mountains segment of the San Andreas Fault zone, the location of the 1989 mainshock, had not been the site of events of magnitude 5 and larger for many decades prior to the occurrence of Lake Elsman earthquakes of magnitude 5.3 and 5.4 in 1988 and 1989. High-preci- sion locations readily available in real-time might be used to monitor similar possible precursory activity very close to the San Andreas and other transform faults.

关键词： Earthquakes Precursors Prediction California Faults Plate Tectonics

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Chemical Oxidation Effects on Anion Exchange and Nitrate Sorption Capacity of Biochar for Ruminal Methanogenesis Inhibition

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2023年第3期12卷 250-262页

作者： Anna Kolganova Jeffrey lynn Firkins Rattan Lal Kelly Elizabeth Mitchell Department of Animal Sciences College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus USA

The chemical composition of biochar is determined by the chemical profile of the material the by-product is made of and the pyrolysis conditions. Analysis of commercial biochar detected similarities to the chemical profile of hardwood, which was used as an object of pyrolysis for biochar production and showed the presence of bridge-forming cations, such as manganese, iron, and sodium. Despite frequently being reported in existing literature, the current study showed that the redox potential of biochar is not associated with biochar’s ability to recover certain anions. No association was detected between biochar’s redox potential and the material nitrate sorption capacity. In fact, higher redox potential values were associated with lower nitrate absorption. In the case of the anion exchange capacity of biochar, a direct association between this electrochemical property of the by-product and its redox potential was observed. However, redox potential’s impact on anion exchange capacity can be inhibited by the presence of organic compounds in biochar’s chemical profile. The chemical oxidation of biochar is a complex process and is a research priority for a potential role to mitigate enteric methanogenesis in livestock.

关键词： Methanogenesis Biochar Rumen Nitrates Anion Exchange Electrochemical Properties

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Perichondrial progenitor cells promote proliferation and chondrogenesis of mature chondrocytes

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2022年第1期9卷 424-433页

作者： Chien-Liang Ho lynn L.H.Huang Shyh-Jou Shieh Institute of Clinical Medicine College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung University138 Sheng-Li RoadTainan 70403TaiwanChina Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of SurgeryNational Cheng Kung University HospitalCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung University138 Sheng-Li RoadTainan 70403TaiwanChina Research Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine National Cheng Kung University1 University RoadTainan 70101TaiwanChina Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyNational Cheng Kung University1 University RoadTainan 70101Taiwan International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration National Cheng Kung University1 University RoadTainan 70101TaiwanChina School of Medicine National Cheng Kung University1 University RoadTainan 70101TaiwanChina

Autologous chondrocytes(C cells)are effective sources of cell therapy for engineering cartilage tissue to repair chondral defects,such as degenerative *** expansion of cells with C cell characteristics has become a major challenge due to inadequate donor sites and poor proliferation of mature C *** perichondrial progenitor cells(P cells)from the cambium layer of the perichondrium possessed significantly higher mesenchymal stem cell markers than C *** the transwell co-culture system,P cells increased the passaging capacity of C cells from P6 to P9,and the cell number increased 128 *** system increased the percentage of Alcian blue-positive C cells from 40%in P6 to 62%in P9,contributing about 198 times more Alcian blue-positive C cells than the control group.C cells co-cultured with P cells also exhibited higher proliferation than C cells cultured with P cellconditioned *** results were obtained in nude mice that were subcutaneously implanted with C cells,P cells or a mixture of the two cell types,in which the presence of both cells enhanced neocartilage formation in ***,P cells enhanced the proliferation of C cells in a dose–dependent manner and prolonged the longevity of mature C cells for clinical applications.

关键词： chondrocytes cell proliferation perichondrial progenitor cells paracrine effect neocartilage formation

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On Systems of Boundary Value Problems for Differential Inclusions

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2007年第3期23卷 549-556页

作者： lynn ERBE Christopher C.TISDELL Patricia J.Y.WONG Department of Mathematics The University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588-0130USA School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyan9 AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

Herein we consider the existence of solutions to second-order, two-point boundary value problems （BVPs） for systems of ordinary differential inclusions. Some new Bernstein-Nagumo conditions are presented that ensure a priori bounds on the derivative of solutions to the differential inclusion. These a priori bound results are then applied, in conjunction with appropriate topological methods, to prove some new existence theorems for solutions to systems of BVPs for differential inclusions. The new conditions allow of the treatment of systems of BVPs without growth restrictions.

关键词： boundary value problem, systems of differential inclusions, existence of solutions a priori bounds Bernstein-Nagumo condition

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Animate form

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1999年

作者： lynn Greg.

Title translated: 动画形式203 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 23 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)

ISBN: (纸本)1568980833

Title translated: 动画形式203 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 23 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)

关键词： Architectural design Data processing. Computer animation.

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The calcium sensing receptor: from calcium sensing to signaling

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第1期58卷 14-27页

作者： ZHANG Chen MILLER Cassandra lynn BROWN Edward M YANG Jenny J. Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics Georgia State University Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital

The Ca2+-sensing receptor(the Ca SR),a G-protein-coupled receptor,regulates Ca2+ homeostasis in the body by monitoring extracellular levels of Ca2+([Ca2+]o) and responding to a diverse array of *** in the Ca2+-sensing receptor result in hypercalcemic or hypocalcemic disorders,such as familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia,neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism,and autosomal dominant hypocalcemic *** evidence suggests that the Ca SR plays multiple roles extending well beyond not only regulating the level of extracellular Ca2+ in the human body,but also controlling a diverse range of biological *** this review,we focus on the structural biology of the Ca SR,the ligand interaction sites as well as their relevance to the disease associated *** systematic summary will provide a comprehensive exploration of how the Ca SR integrates extracellular Ca2+ into intracellular Ca2+ signaling.

关键词： G蛋白偶联受体低血钙症敏感信令高钙血症结构生物学甲状旁腺常染色体

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Influence of immobilization and sensory re-education on the sensory recovery after reconstruction of digital nerves with direct suture or muscle-in-vein conduits

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第2期11卷 338-344页

作者： Theodora Manoli Jennifer lynn Schiefer Lukas Schulz Thomas Fuchsberger Hans-Eberhard Schaller Department of Hand Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Burn Unit BG Trauma Center University of Tuebingen

The influence of duration of immobilization and postoperative sensory re-education on the final outcome after reconstruction of digital nerves with direct suture or muscle-in-vein conduits was investigated. The final sensory outcome of 35 patients with 41 digital nerve injuries, who either underwent a direct suture（DS） or a nerve reconstruction with muscle-in-vein conduits（MVC）, was assessed the earliest 12 months postoperatively using static and moving two-point discrimination as well as Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. There was no significant difference in sensory recovery in cases with an immobilization of 3–7 days versus 10 days in the DS or MVC group. Moreover, no statistically significant difference in sensory recovery was found in cases receiving postoperative sensory re-education versus those not receiving in the DS or MVC group. An early mobilization does not seem to have a negative impact on the final outcome after digital nerve reconstruction. The effect of sensory re-education after digital nerve reconstruction should be reconsidered.

关键词： nerve regeneration peripheral nerve digital nerve sensory re-education immobilization digital direct suture muscle-in-vein conduits

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An Analysis of Social Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in Nepal Using a Modified Social Vulnerability Index

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第1期10卷 103-116页

作者： Sanam K.Aksha Luke Juran lynn M.Resler Yang Zhang Department of Geography Virginia Tech Virginia Water Resources Research Center Virginia Tech Urban Affairs and Planning Virginia Tech

Social vulnerability influences the ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. The identification of vulnerable populations and factors that contribute to their vulnerability are crucial for effective disaster risk reduction. Nepal exhibits multihazard risk and has experienced socioeconomic and political upheaval in recent decades, further increasing susceptibility to ***, we still know little regarding social vulnerability in Nepal. Here, we investigate social vulnerability in Nepal by adapting Social Vulnerability Index(SoVI) methods to the Nepali context. Variables such as caste, and populations who cannot speak/understand Nepali were added to reflect the essence of the Nepali context. Using principal component analysis, 39 variables were reduced to seven factors that explained 63.02% of variance in the *** scores were summarized to calculate final SoVI scores. The highest levels of social vulnerability are concentrated in the central and western Mountain, western Hill, and central and eastern Tarai regions of Nepal, while the least vulnerable areas are in the central and eastern Hill regions. These findings, supplemented with smaller-scale analyses, have the potential to assist village officers, policymakers,and emergency managers in the development of more effective and geographically targeted disaster management programs.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Natural hazards Nepal Principal component analysis Social Vulnerability Index

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