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A size-gradient hypothesis for alpine treeline ecotones

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Journal of mountain Science 2016年第7期13卷 1154-1161页

作者： George P.mALANSON Lynn M.Resler Department of Geographical&Sustainability Sciences University of IowaIowa CityIA 52242 USA Department of Geography Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061 USA

Research on the stress gradient hypothesis recognizes that positive(i.e. facilitative) and negative(i.e. competitive) plant interactions change in intensity and effect relative to abiotic stress experienced on a gradient. motivated by observations of alpine treeline ecotones, we suggest that this switch in interaction could operate along a gradient of relative size of individual plants. We propose that as neighbors increase in size relative to a focal plant they improve the environment for that plant up to a critical point. After this critical point is surpassed, however, increasing relative size of neighbors will degrade the environment such that the net interaction intensity becomes negative. We developed a conceptual(not site or species specific) individual based model to simulate a single species with recruitment, growth, and mortality dependent on the environment mediated by the relative size of neighbors. Growth and size form a feedback. Simulation results show that the size gradient model produces metrics similar to that of a stress gradient model. Visualizations reveal that the size gradient model produces spatial patterns that are similar to the complex ones observed at alpine treelines. Size-mediated interaction could be a mechanism of the stress gradient hypothesis or it could operate independent of abiotic stress.

关键词：应力梯度交错带假说高山树线相互作用强度非生物胁迫梯度模型

Vegetation change as related to terrain factors at two glacier forefronts, Glacier National Park, montana, U.S.A.

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Journal of mountain Science 2020年第1期17卷 1-15页

作者： Callie B.LAmBERT Lynn M.Resler Yang SHAO David R.BUTLER Department of Geography Virginia Tech220 Stanger StreetBlacksburgVA24061USA Texas State University Department of GeographySan MarcosTX 78666USA

Glacier recession is a globally occurring trend. Although a rich body of work has documented glacial response to climate warming, few studies have assessed vegetation cover change in recently deglaciated areas, especially using geospatial technologies. Here, vegetation change at two glacier forefronts in Glacier National Park, montana, U.S.A.was quantified through remote sensing analysis,fieldwork validation, and statistical modeling.Specifically, we assessed the spatial and temporal patterns of landcover change at the two glacier forefronts in Glacier National Park and determined the role of selected biophysical terrain factors(elevation, slope, aspect, solar radiation, flow accumulation, topographic wetness index, and surficial geology) on vegetation change(from nonvegetated to vegetated cover) at the deglaciated areas.Landsat imagery of the study locations in 1991, 2003,and 2015 were classified and validated using visual interpretation. model results revealed geographic differences in biophysical correlates of vegetation change between the study areas, suggesting that terrain variation is a key factor affecting spatialtemporal patterns of vegetation change. At Jackson Glacier forefront, increases in vegetation over some portion or all of the study period were negatively associated with elevation, slope angle, and consolidated bedrock. At Grinnell Glacier forefront,increases in vegetation associated negatively with elevation and positively with solar radiation.Integrated geospatial and field approaches to the study of vegetation change in recently deglaciated terrain are recommended to understand and monitor processes and patterns of ongoing habitat change in rapidly changing mountain environments.

关键词： Land cover change Physical geography Glacial forefronts Vegetation change Glacier National Park Terrain factors

Importance of fatigue and its measurement in chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第28期25卷 3669-3683页

作者： lynn H Gerber Ali A Weinstein Rohini mehta Zobair m Younossi Department of medicine Beatty Center for Liver and Obesity Research Inova Health System Falls Church VA 22042 United States Center for the Study of Chronic Illness and Disability George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030 United States Beatty Center for Liver and Obesity Research Inova Health System Falls Church VA 22042 United States

The mechanisms of fatigue in the group of people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are protean. The liver is central in the pathogenesis of fatigue because it uniquely regulates much of the storage, release and production of substrate for energy generation. It is exquisitely sensitive to the feedback controlling the uptake and release of these energy generation substrates. metabolic contributors to fatigue, beginning with the uptake of substrate from the gut, the passage through the portal system to hepatic storage and release of energy to target organs (muscle and brain) are central to understanding fatigue in patients with chronic liver disease. Inflammation either causing or resulting from chronic liver disease contributes to fatigue, although inflammation has not been demonstrated to be causal. It is this unique combination of factors, the nexus of metabolic abnormality and the inflammatory burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis that creates pathways to different types of fatigue. many use the terms central and peripheral fatigue. Central fatigue is characterized by a lack of self-motivation and can manifest both in physical and mental activities. Peripheral fatigue is classically manifested by neuromuscular dysfunction and muscle weakness. Therefore, the distinction is often seen as a difference between intention (central fatigue) versus ability (peripheral fatigue). New approaches to measuring fatigue include the use of objective measures as well as patient reported outcomes. These measures have improved the precision with which we are able to describe fatigue. The measures of fatigue severity and its impact on usual daily routines in this population have also been improved, and they are more generally accepted as reliable and sensitive. Several approaches to evaluating fatigue and developing endpoints for treatment have relied of biosignatures associated with fatigue. These have been used singly or in combination and include: phy

关键词： Fatigue Chronic liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis measurement Patient-reported outcomes

Bacillary layer detachment presenting with posterior scleritis:case report

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Annals of Eye Science 2022年第3期7卷 67-71页

作者： Gregory W.Bligard Andrew R.Lee lynn m.Hassman Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Washington University in St.Louis School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Background:Bacillary layer detachment(BALAD)is a phenomenon characterized by fluid accumulation at the myoid region of the inner photoreceptor segments identifiable on optical coherence tomography(OCT)imaging.This finding has been recently described in patients with diverse primary diagnoses which share the common feature of serous exudation in the posterior pole.However,thus far there have been very few reports in the literature of BALAD in patients with posterior scleritis.Case Description:A 16-year-old male presented with unilateral vision changes that acutely worsened overnight to significant unilateral vision loss.He was eventually diagnosed with idiopathic posterior scleritis with associated BALAD on OCT.Similar to other reported cases of BALAD,he experienced anatomic restoration of the outer retina followed by good visual recovery after treatment with high dose steroid,ultimately with complete recovery of both retinal anatomy and vision within 4 months.Conclusions:This case provides further evidence that posterior scleritis can be a cause of BALAD.The rapid presentation and excellent visual and anatomical outcome of this case is entirely consistent with known descriptions of BALAD in a variety of other conditions,further supporting the categorization of BALAD as an entity which retinal specialists should be able to recognize as distinct from other forms of intraretinal fluid,retinal detachment,and retinoschisis.

关键词： Case report bacillary layer detachment(BALAD) photoreceptor scleritis inner segment

A mini-review on the microbial continuum:consideration of a link between judicious consumption of a varied diet of macroalgae and human health and nutrition

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第3期37卷 790-805页

作者： CORNISH m. lynn mOURITSEN Ole G. CRITCHLEY Alan T. Acadian Seaplants Limited James S.Craigie Research CenterCornwallis B0S 1A0N.S.Canada University of Copenhagen Department of Food Science and Taste for LifeDesign and Consumer BehaviorNordic Food LabRolighedsvej 26Frederiksberg DK-1958Denmark Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment Cape Breton UniversitySydneyNova Scotia B1P 6L2Canada

As the primordial,prokaryotic inhabitants on Earth,microbial entities were responsible for significant influences on the pathways taken in the development of life as we know it.The manifestation of numerous pathologies in humans is considered to be intrinsically associated with microbial dysbiosis in the gut(i.e.a poorly balanced microbiota).Such adverse health conditions include obesity,chronic fatigue syndrome,cancer,cardiovascular issues,neurological disorders,colitis,irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),and rheumatoid arthritis.Endosymbiotic events at the single cell level took place billions of years ago,eventually leading to eukaryotes,photosynthesis,and multicellularity.macroalgae(seaweeds)were amongst the first organisms to develop these characteristics.microbes and macroalgae interacted in a pattern of co-evolution,a process that applies to most,if not all living organisms.It is recognized that the normal human microbiome consists of over a trillion microorganisms,including about 2000 commensal bacterial species typically stationed in the gut.many of these live in the colon,where they function in the digestion of foods,releasing bio-available nutrients,bioactive molecules,and various metabolites.They mediate communication signals between the gut and the brain,and promote the normal development of immune function,metabolic activities,behaviour,and neurological stability.As very early humans foraged for food,some would have benefi tted from coastal diets,rich in seaweeds and associated microbes.Such diets would have consistently provided all the nutrients essential for survival and growth,and as such,could have conveyed competitive advantages and contributed to enhanced cognitive sophistication.This mini-review article highlights studies regarding the health benefits of dietary fibres and the production of short chain fatty acids(SCFA).Insights are off ered regarding the positive effects the inclusion of macroalgae into the standard,Western diet can deliver in terms of providing appropriate fodder for those micro

关键词： microbiota macroalgae fibre short chain fatty acids(SCFA) nutrition

The calcium sensing receptor: from calcium sensing to signaling

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第1期58卷 14-27页

作者： ZHANG Chen mILLER Cassandra lynn BROWN Edward m YANG Jenny J. Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics Georgia State University Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital

The Ca2+-sensing receptor(the Ca SR),a G-protein-coupled receptor,regulates Ca2+ homeostasis in the body by monitoring extracellular levels of Ca2+([Ca2+]o) and responding to a diverse array of stimuli.mutations in the Ca2+-sensing receptor result in hypercalcemic or hypocalcemic disorders,such as familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia,neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism,and autosomal dominant hypocalcemic hypercalciuria.Compelling evidence suggests that the Ca SR plays multiple roles extending well beyond not only regulating the level of extracellular Ca2+ in the human body,but also controlling a diverse range of biological processes.In this review,we focus on the structural biology of the Ca SR,the ligand interaction sites as well as their relevance to the disease associated mutations.This systematic summary will provide a comprehensive exploration of how the Ca SR integrates extracellular Ca2+ into intracellular Ca2+ signaling.

关键词： G蛋白偶联受体低血钙症敏感信令高钙血症结构生物学甲状旁腺常染色体

Pursuit of the modern While Preserving Tradition： The Japan Poems of Huang Zunxian

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2018年第2期12卷 182-216页

作者： Richard John lynn Department of East Asian Studies University of Toronto Ontario M5S 3H1 Canada

Huang Zunxian, member of the staff of the Qing legation in Tokyo （1877-82）, became acquainted with prominent Japanese literati （bunjin）. His experiences provide a window of information and insight into the cultural atmosphere of early meiji Japan and the attitude of progressive and Chinese intellectuals then resident there. With the skills of a literatus, Huang had access to the modes of discourse and thought of his hosts, so formed discriminating views of almost all aspects of Japanese life in an era of change. His experience is captured in some 200 quatrains in the two editions of his Riben zashi shi （Poems on miscellaneous subjects from Japan, 1879 and 189o）, whose contents overlap to include different poems and different versions of same poems. The poems were intended to have more than literary impact--to enlighten those in power in China by casting Japan in a positive light and promote Japan as a model for reform and modernization. Huang linked Japanese tradition with the Chinese, which he did in poems emphasizing their common high culture. The scope of the poems is quite broad： Japanese history and geography, Sino-Japanese cultural relations, Chinese culture in Japan, poetry （kanshi） and prose （kanbun）, painting and calligraphy, Confucianism and Buddhism, the meiji Restoration and modernization, new political and social institutions, the Diet, local government, political parties, museums, taxation, education reform, women＇s education. many subjects were unknown to earlier tradition but now topical and urgent as China began to shed old ways and embrace the new.

关键词： Huang Zunxian meiji Restoration first qing legation to Tokyo,Riben zashi shi Sino-Japanese cultural relations

【评论】放化疗联合局部切除与全直肠系膜切除治疗T_(2)N_(0)期直肠癌:两项前瞻性研究的短期和长期结果比较

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结直肠肛门外科 2023年第2期29卷 182-183页

作者：杨辉 lynn P B VAN DER VALK m J m CLAASSEN Y H m 山东第一医科大学第一附属医院&山东省千佛山医院结直肠外科山东济南250012 不详

[文献来源]lynn P B,VAN DER VALK m J m,CLAASSEN Y H m,et al.Chemoradiation and local excision versus total mesorectal excision for T2N0 rectal cancer:comparison of short-and long-term outcomes from 2 prospective studies[J].Ann Surg,2023,277(1):e96-e102.目的:比较放化疗(chemoradio-therapy,CRT)联合局部切除术(local excision,LE)(CRT+LE)与全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TmE)治疗cT2N0期低位直肠癌的长期和短期肿瘤学结果。

关键词：全直肠系膜切除术局部切除肿瘤学文献来源低位直肠癌

Opportunities and Challenges for Immiaration to Overseas

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China's Foreign Trade 2018年第4期 54-57页

作者： lynn Yu 不详

Over the past yea r,domestic economic development has been stable,and the Chinese high net worth population has increased steadily,according to the Immigration and the Chinese HNWIs 2018 released by the Hurun Research Institute,in association with Visas Consulting Group recently.According to the Hurun Chinese Luxury Consumer Survey 2018,about 37%of HNWIs(those with family assets worth USD 1.5m to USD 31m)respondents are currently considering immigration,a 10%drop compared with last year.12%of them have already emigrated or are applying to do so.From the international perspective,many traditional and emerging immigration destinations are implementing various stimulus policies,including the United States’substantial reduction in corporate tax and simplified property purchase immigration policies in a number of European countries.

关键词： Chinese HNWIs Consulting Group