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Science to support conservation action in a large river system:The Willamette River,Oregon,USA

Water Biology and Security 2023年第4期2卷 20-35页

作者： Rebecca Flitcroft luke whitman James White Rose Wallick Laurel Stratton Garvin Cassandra Smith Robert Plotnikoff Michael Mulvey Tobias Kock Krista Jones Peter Gruendike Carolyn Gombert Guillermo Giannico Andrew Dutterer Daniel Brown Hannah Barrett Brian Bangs Robert M.Hughes U.S.D.A.Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station3200 SW Jefferson WayCorvallisOR97331USA Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 28655 OR-34CorvallisOR9733USA U.S.Geological Survey Oregon Water Science Center601 SW 2nd AveSuite 1950PortlandOR97204USA Snohomish County Department of Conservation and Natural Resources 3000 Rockefeller AvenueEverettWA98201USA Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Laboratory and Environmental Assessment Division 7202 NE Evergreen ParkwaySuite 150HillsboroOR97124USA U.S.Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center5501A Cook-Underwood RoadCookWashington WA 98605USA River Design Group 311 SW Jefferson AvenueCorvallisOR97333USA Bureau of Reclamation Sedimentation and River Hydraulics GroupDenver Federal CenterDenverCO80225USA Oregon State University Department of FisheriesWildlifeand Conservation SciencesNash 104CorvallisOR97331USA Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board 775 Summer Street NESalemOR97301USA U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service 911 NE 11th AvenuePortlandOR97204USA Amnisopes Institute 2895 SE GlennCorvallisOR97333USA

Management and conservation efforts that support the recovery and protection of large rivers are daunting,reflecting the complexity of the challenge and extent of effort(in terms of policy,economic investment,and spatial extent)needed to afford measurable *** large systems have generally experienced intensive development and regulation,compromising their capacity to respond to disturbances such as climate change ***,large river and basin management require insights gained from social,ecological,geophysical,and hydrological *** multidisciplinary perspective can unveil the integrated relationship between a river network's biotic community and seasonally variableenvironmental conditions that are *** rivers andtheir basins are constantly changing due to anthropogenic influences and as climate modifies patterns of temperature and *** of these factors,the state of knowledge must advance to address changing *** Willamette River,in western Oregon,USA,is a prime example of a basin that has experienced significant degradation and investment in rehabilitation in recent *** science has facilitated development of fine-scale,spatially extensive datasets and models that can generate targeted conservation and rehabilitation actions that are prioritized across the entire river *** prioritization allows investment decisions to be driven by site-specific conditions while simultaneously considering potentials for ecological ***,we review hydrologic,geomorphic,ecologic,and social conditions in the Willamette River basin through time—including pre-settlement,river development,andcontemporary periods—andoffer a futurevisionfor ***,detailed informationaboutfish populations and habitat,hydrologic conditions,geomorphology,water quality,and land use can be leveraged to make informed decisions about protection,rehabilitation,and develop

关键词： Rehabilitation Flood mitigation Hydropower Fish Multidisciplinary

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The leaf size/number trade-off in herbaceous angiosperms

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2010年第1期3卷 49-58页

作者： Thea whitman Lonnie W.Aarssen Department of Biology Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada K7L 3N6

Aims In this study,we examined the extent to which between-species leaf size variation relates to variation in the intensity of leaf production in herbaceous *** size variation has been most commonly interpreted in terms of biomechanical constraints(*** by plant size limitations)or in terms of direct adaptation associated with leaf size effects in optimizing important physiological functions of individual leaves along environmental gradients(*** temperature and moisture).An additional interpretation is explored here,where adaptation may be more directly associated with the number of leaves produced and where relatively small leaf size then results as a trade-off of high‘leafing intensity’—*** of leaves produced per unit plant body *** The relationships between mean individual leaf mass,number of leaves and plant body size were examined for 127 species of herbaceous angiosperms collected from natural populations in southern Ontario,*** Findings In all,88%of the variation in mean individual leaf mass across species,spanning four orders of magnitude,is accounted for by a negative isometric(proportional)trade-off relationship with leafing *** results parallel those reported in recent studies of woody *** each leaf is normally associated with an axillary bud or meristem,having a high leafing intensity is equivalent to having a greater number of meristems per unit body size—i.e.a larger‘bud bank’.According to the‘leafing intensity premium’hypothesis,because an axillary meristem represents the potential to produce either a new shoot or a reproductive structure,high leafing intensity should confer greater architectural and/or reproductive plasticity(with relatively small leaf size required as a trade-off).This greater plasticity,we suggest,should be especially important for smaller species since they are likely to suffer greater suppression of growth and reproduction from competition within

关键词： bud bank leafing intensity meristems plant size plasticity reproductive economy

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Minimising the spread of residence-time distribution for flat and heaped powders in a wedge-shaped planar hopper

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Particuology 2017年第1期15卷 102-110页

作者： luke Fullard Clive Davies Institute of Fundamental Sciences Massey University Palmerston North Campus Private Bag 11222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand School of Engineering and Advanced Technology Massey University Polmerston North Campus Private Bag 11222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand

A wedge-shaped planar mass-flow hopper system was modelled using stress-field theory as found in the literature, The authors present governing equations for stress and velocity fields under a radial- flow assumption in a converging hopper. The velocity in the silo above the hopper is modelled as plug flow, Two set-ups are modelled, one where powder layers in the hopper are assumed to be flat, and the second in which the layers are heaped at some characteristic angle, The ejection times and residence-time distributions are calculated and presented for a range of heap angles. For realistic heap angles, the spread of the residence-time distribution decreases with increasing heap angle; in one case, the spread is halved to a well-defined limit. At this limit （the critical heap angle） the geometry of the hopper can be optimised to minimise the spread of the residence-time distribution, and hence to minimise predicted mixing in the system. We present examples of curves for a variety of parameters that minimise the predicted mixing in the hopper-silo system.

关键词： Residence-time distribution Radial stress field Hopper Heaped layers Granular

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Apologos:A Lightweight Design Method for Sociotechnical Inquiry

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Journal of Social Computing 2021年第4期2卷 297-308页

作者： luke Stark the Faculty of Information and Media Studies Western UniversityLondonN6A 0A2Canada

While scholars involved in studying the ethics and politics flowing from digital information and communication systems have sought to impact the design and deployment of digital technologies,the fast pace and iterative tempo of technical development in these contexts,and the lack of structured engagement with sociotechnical questions,have been major barriers to ensuring values are considered explicitly in the R&D *** I introduce Apologos,a lightweight design methodology informed by the author’s experience of the challenges and opportunities of interdisciplinary collaboration between computational and social sciences over a five-year ***,which is inspired by“design apologetics”,is intended as an initial mechanism to introduce technologists to the process of considering how human values impact the digital design process.

关键词： values in design values sensitive design(VSD) artificial intelligence Values@Play design methods sociotechnical ethics values

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STRAW BALES, A POSSIBLE SOLUTION FOR HYGRO-THERMALLY COMFORTABLE DWELLINGS IN CHILE’S CENTRAL VALLEY: PHYSICAL TEST CHAMBERS AND IN SITU MEASUREMENTS

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Journal of Green Building 2014年第2期9卷 161-181页

作者： Christopher J.whitman Laboratorio de Energía e Iluminación Facultad de ArquitecturaArte y DiseñoUniversidad Andres BelloCampus Casona de Las CondesFernández Concha 700Las CondesSantiago de Chile

Dwellings in a Mediterranean climate, such as that of Chile’s Central Valley, must provide hygro-thermal comfort both during the cold winters, and the hot days and cool summer nights. Straw, once a material common in Chile’s indigenous and vernacular architecture, could meet these demands when coupled with sufficient thermal mass in the form of earth renders and floor finishes. This article presents measurements of dry bulb temperatures and relative humidity, both in physical test chambers and Chilean straw bale homes. The results of these measurements confirm that straw bale construction could provide hygro-thermal comfort with heating demands 28% less than those of constructions that meet the Chilean thermal building regulations. Straw bale, therefore, could provide a viable solution for comfortable, energy efficient, rural dwellings in Chile’s Central Valley. Whilst over 40 private straw bale projects have been completed in Chile to date, restrictions applying to projects receiving government subsidies prevent this technology being available to those who need it most.

关键词： straw bale hygro-thermal comfort residential energy efficiency Chile

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New prospects for computational hydraulics by leveraging high-performance heterogeneous computing techniques

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2016年第6期28卷 977-985页

作者： Qiuhua LIANG luke SMITH Xilin XIA Hebei University of Engineering Handan 056038 China School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK

In the last two decades, computational hydraulics has undergone a rapid development following the advancement of data acquisition and computing technologies. Using a finite-volume Godunov-type hydrodynamic model, this work demonstrates the promise of modern high-performance computing technology to achieve real-time flood modeling at a regional scale. The software is implemented for high-performance heterogeneous computing using the OpenCL programming framework, and developed to support simulations across multiple GPUs using a domain decomposition technique and across multiple systems through an efficient implementation of the Message Passing Interface （MPI） standard. The software is applied for a convective storm induced flood event in Newcastle upon Tyne, demonstrating high computational performance across a GPU cluster, and good agreement against crowd- sourced observations. Issues relating to data availability, complex urban topography and differences in drainage capacity affect results for a small number of areas.

关键词： computational hydraulics high-performance computing flood modeling shallow water equations shock-capttLring hydrodynamic model

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How and why does photobiomodulation change brain activity?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第12期15卷 2243-2244页

作者： John Mitrofanis luke AHenderson Department of Anatomy School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia

The concept that certain wavelengths of light can change regional brain activity as well as influencing the functional connectivity between different brain centers,is rather *** a concept goes beyond that of a function for light stimulating specialized retinal ganglion cells to entrain circadian rhythms but extends this to include light having a direct influence on all neurons to potentially influence a range of core higher-order brain *** this perspective,we explore how light may influence such core brain activities,together with why it should do so in the first place.

关键词： stimulating striking specialized

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Assessment of bone charcoal dusts of six species of mammal for the postharvest control of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)infestations of cowpea seeds:can the charcoal dust affect seed viability in laboratory and in field?

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Food Quality and Safety 2019年第4期3卷 279-287页

作者： luke Chinaru Nwosu Department of Crop and Soil Science University of Port HarcourtPort HarcourtRivers StateNigeria

Objectives:The possibility that bone charcoal dusts of some species of mammal will control the major insect pest of stored cowpea seeds and the implications on seed viability(after pest control process)were investigated in the laboratory at ambient temperature(30±3°C)and relative humidity(70±5%)and in *** and Methods:Standard entomological and agronomical techniques were ***:The results showed that at 1.0%w/w dosage,the bone charcoal dusts of Ovis aries and Bos taurus were more effective than permethrin standard insecticide in killing adult Callosobruchus maculatus *** cowpea seeds in *** taurus had a faster action speed than permethrin at 1.0%w/*** 1.5%w/w of dust,all the species of mammal investigated deterred oviposition considerably in *** females,whereas only the bone charcoal dusts of *** and Sus scrofa were comparable with permethrin in suppressing adult emergence and seed damage;*** only was comparable with permethrin in reducing larval *** charcoal dusts of *** and *** require chemical and olfactory analyses to know if they might have caused irritation to the insects and disrupted insect circadian rhythm,affecting behaviour and mating activities,*** bone charcoal dusts of the six species of mammal at a highest test dose of 1.5%w/w allowed high seed viability in both laboratory and ***:The study recommends the use of bone charcoal dusts of *** and *** at economical-and quality-favourable dose 1.5%w/w for managers seeking to control *** insect attacking cowpea seeds in *** transitive components of the bones,abrasion of the insect epicuticle lipid layer by the charcoal dust,and combustion-related toxic factors were responsible for the insecticidal activities of the bone charcoal dusts of the mammals.

关键词： bone charcoal dust mammal stored cowpea seed viability Callosobruchus maculatus

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Maize and the maize weevil:advances and innovations in postharvest control of the pest

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Food Quality and Safety 2018年第3期2卷 145-152页

作者： luke Chinaru Nwosu Department of Crop and Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Port HarcourtP.M.B.5323Rivers StateNigeria

The review focused on recent advances and innovations on the use of maize varietal resistance and plant materials in the control of Sitophilus zeamais *** biological techniques for assessing the resistance of varieties of maize to postharvest infestation by *** were *** was suggested that routine analysis of plant species is particularly important to cope with the problem of resistance to synthetic insecticides in weevil *** the paper also revealed the important technical guidelines and scoring system for testing plant materials for insecticidal *** postharvest insect pest management strategy should form part of the overall crop husbandry for preserving the quality of the *** of resistant varieties is the best approach to overcoming the problems of synthetic insecticides in weevil ***,breeding maize crop to improve resistance against the maize weevil is associated with some technical *** limitations include lack of inter-specific cross-compatibility,methodological constraints,biotic variation,undesirable genetic linkages,and limited knowledge of genetic bases of *** screening of plant species for insecticidal activities,an untreated control and a reference insecticide whose efficacy in different agro-ecological zones is known should be designated and the plant material should be tested at economically justified *** review presented some advances and innovations on the use of maize resistance(including new formulae and scoring systems)in the control of weevil infestation and addressed maize quality and safety after pest-control *** will enhance reorientation of research focus and provide new impetus for the protection of stored maize against *** attack.

关键词： maize postharvest resistant varieties technical guides reorientation.

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Transient analysis on surface heated piezoelectric semiconductor plate lying on rigid substrate

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2022年第12期43卷 1841-1856页

作者： luke ZHAO Sen GU Yaqin SONG Feng JIN State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures School of Aerospace EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

Based on the thermo-electro-elastic coupling theory,the mathematical model for a surface heated piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)plate is developed in the time *** the direct and inverse Laplace transformations to the established model,the mechanical and electrical responses are *** comparison between the analytical solution and the finite element method(FEM)is conducted,which illustrates the validity of the *** calculated results show that the maximum values of the mechanical and electrical fields appear at the heating ***,the perturbation carriers tend to concentrate in the zone near the heating surface under the given boundary *** can also be observed that the heating induced elastic wave leads to jumps for the electric potential and perturbation carrier density at the *** the thermal relaxation time is introduced,all the field quantities become smaller because of the thermal lagging ***,it can be found that the thermal relaxation time can describe the smooth variation at the jump ***,for a plate with P-N junction,the effect of the interface position on the electrical response is *** effects of the initial carrier density on the electrical properties are discussed in *** conclusions in this article can be the guidance for the design of PS devices serving in thermal environment.

关键词： thermo-electro-elastic coupling piezoelectric semiconductor(PS) surface heating transient analysis

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