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Current guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:A systematic review with comparative analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第30期24卷 3361-3373页

作者： Simona Leoni Francesco Tovoli Lucia Napoli Ilaria Serio Silvia Ferri luigi bolondi Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC) Division of Internal MedicineUniversity of Bologna

The current epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is reshaping the field of hepatology all around the *** widespread diffusion of metabolic risk factors such as obesity,type2-diabetes mellitus,and dyslipidemia has led to a worldwide diffusion of *** parallel to the increased availability of effective anti-viral agents,NAFLD is rapidly becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western Countries,and a similar trend is expected in Eastern Countries in the next *** epidemic and its consequences have prompted experts from all over the word in identifying effective strategies for the diagnosis,management,and treatment of *** scientific societies from Europe,America,and Asia-Pacific regions have proposed guidelines based on the most recent evidence about *** guidelines are consistent with the key elements in the management of NAFLD,but still,show significant difference about some critical *** reviewed the current literature in English language to identify the most recent scientific guidelines about NAFLD with the aim to find and critically analyse the main *** distinguished guidelines from 5 different scientific societies whose reputation is worldwide recognised and who are representative of the clinical practice in different geographical *** were noted in: the definition of NAFLD,the opportunity of NAFLD screening in high-risk patients,the noninvasive test proposed for the diagnosis of NAFLD and the identification of NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis,in the follow-up protocols and,finally,in the treatment strategy(especially in the proposed pharmacological management).These difference have been discussed in the light of the possible evolution of the scenario ofNAFLD in the next years.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Metformin Liver steatosis Liver biopsy Non-invasive diagnosis Pioglitazone Clinical guidelines

Clinical and diagnostic aspects of gluten related disorders

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第3期3卷 275-284页

作者： Francesco Tovoli Chiara Masi Elena Guidetti Giulia Negrini Paola Paterini luigi bolondi Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna

Gluten is one of the most abundant and widely distributed components of food in many areas. It can be included in wheat, barley, rye, and grains such as oats, barley, spelt, kamut, and triticale. Gluten-containinggrains are widely consumed; in particular, wheat is one of the world's primary sources of food, providing up to 50% of the caloric intake in both industrialized and developing countries. Until two decades ago, celiac disease(CD) and other gluten-related disorders were believed to be exceedingly rare outside of Europe and were relatively ignored by health professionals and the global media. In recent years, however, the discovery of important diagnostic and pathogenic milestones led CD from obscurity to global prominence. In addition, interestingly, people feeding themselves with glutenfree products greatly outnumber patients affected by CD, fuelling a global consumption of gluten-free foods with approximately $2.5 billion in United States sales each year. The acknowledgment of other medical conditions related to gluten that has arisen as health problems, providing a wide spectrum of gluten-related disorders. In February 2011, a new nomenclature for gluten-related disorders was created at a consensus conference in London. In this review, we analyse innovations in the field of research that emerged after the creation of the new classification, with particular attention to the new European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines for CD and the most recent research about non-celiac gluten sensitivity.

关键词： Celiac disease Wheat allergy Gluten sensitivity Non-celiac gluten sensitivity Gluten-free diet Gluten Anti-gliadin antibodies

Long-term durable response to lenalidomide in a patient with hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第22期20卷 7049-7054页

作者： Maria Caterina Pallotti Margherita Nannini Claudio Agostinelli Simona Leoni Valerio Di Scioscio Anna Mandrioli Cristian Lolli Maristella Saponara Stefano Pileri luigi bolondi Guido Biasco Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo Department of Specialized Experimentaland Diagnostic MedicineS. Orsola-Malpighi HospitalUniversity of Bologna40138 BolognaItaly Hematopathology Section Department of ExperimentalDiagnosticand Specialty MedicineS. Orsola-Malpighi HospitalUniversity of Bologna40138 BolognaItaly Division of Internal Medicine Department of Digestive Disease and Internal MedicineS. Orsola-Malpighi HospitalUniversity of Bologna40138 BolognaItaly Department of Radiology S. Orsola-Malpighi HospitalUniversity of Bologna40138 BolognaItaly InterdepartmentalCentre for Cancer Research "G. Prodi" University of Bologna40138 BolognaItaly

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma(EH)is a rare tumor arising from the vascular endothelial cells of soft tissue or visceral *** most common visceral site is the liver,where it is often involved in a multifocal man-ner known as hepatic EH(HEH).Surgical resection with curative intent represents the gold standard *** surgery is not feasible,or in cases of metastatic disease,no standard medical treatment is currently *** small series,drugs with anti-angiogenic activity(such as bevacizumab,sorafenib,thalidomide,and lenalidomide)have been proposed with promising *** describe a 73-year-old man with multifocal non-resectable HEH treated with *** status was evaluated by abdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance every four *** patient was treated for a total of 39 mo with prolonged disease stabilization and,at the time of writing,is still under treatment with a good tolerance *** a short period of treatment discontinuation,the disease showed slight progression that immediately resolved after the reintroduction of *** may represent a valid treatment option for HEH due to its anti-angiogenic and antineoplastic *** preliminary result merits further study in a large series.

关键词： Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma Liver Lenalidomide Magnetic resonance Abdominal ultrasound

On the emission lines in active galactic nuclei with relativistic jets

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第4期12卷 359-368页

作者： luigi Foschini INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Via E. Bianchi 46 23807 Merate (LC) Italy

The effect of the observed continuum emitted from a relativistic jet on the measurement of the full width at half maximum （FWHM） of an emission line is analyzed. If the jet contribution is not properly subtracted, the FWHM of the line could seem narrower than it should. The cases of an emission line detected in BL Lac objects and γ-ray Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxies （γ-NLS1s） are addressed. It is shown that the smallness of the observed FWHM of the Lyα lines detected in three well-known BL Lacs is an effect due to the combined action of both the relativistic jet and a weak accretion disk. Once the Doppler boosting effect of the jet continuum is removed, the intrinsic FWHM values of the lines are found to be in the usual range. By contrast, the narrow permitted lines in γ-NLS1s are really narrow, since the disk and the lines are much more powerful. This also confirms that γ-NLS1 is really a new class of γ-ray emitting AGN, different from blazars and radio galaxies.

关键词： line: profiles—galaxies: jets—BL Lacertae Objects: general—galaxies: Seyfert

Data efficientmachine learning potentials for modeling catalytic reactivity via active learning and enhanced sampling

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npj Computational Materials 2024年第1期10卷 38-50页

作者： Simone Perego luigi Bonati Atomistic Simulations Italian Institute of TechnologyGenovaItaly Department of Materials Science University of Milano-BicoccaMilanoItaly

Simulating catalytic reactivity under operative conditions poses a significant challenge due to the dynamic nature of the catalysts and the high computational cost of electronic structure *** learning potentials offer a promising avenue to simulate dynamics at a fraction of the cost,but they require datasets containing all relevant configurations,particularly reactive ***,we present a scheme to construct reactive potentials in a data-efficient *** is achieved by combining enhanced sampling methods first with Gaussian processes to discover transition paths and then with graph neural networks to obtain a uniformly accurate *** necessary configurations are extracted via a Data-Efficient Active Learning(DEAL)procedure based on local environment *** validated our approach by studying several reactions related to the decomposition ofammonia on iron-cobalt alloy *** schemeproved to be efficient,requiring only~1000 DFT calculations per reaction,and robust,sampling reactive configurations from the different accessible *** this potential,we calculated free energy profiles and characterized reaction mechanisms,showing the ability to provide microscopic insights into complex processes under dynamic conditions.

关键词： reactivity catalytic configuration

The pseudogenes of eukaryotic translation elongation factors (EEFs): Role in cancer and other human diseases

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第4期9卷 941-958页

作者： luigi Cristiano R&D Division Prestige18 via VecchiaTerranuova BraccioliniAR 52028Italy

The eukaryotic translation elongation factors (EEFs), i.e. EEF1A1, EEF1A2, EEF1B2, EEF1D, EEF1G, EEF1E1 and EEF2, are coding-genes that play a central role in the elongation step of translation but are often altered in cancer. Less investigated are their pseudogenes. Recently, it was demonstrated that pseudogenes have a key regulatory role in the cell, especially via non-coding RNAs, and that the aberrant expression of ncRNAs has an important role in cancer development and progression. The present review paper, for the first time, collects all that published about the EEFs pseudogenes to create a base for future investigations. For most of them, the studies are in their infancy, while for others the studies suggest their involvement in normal cell physiology but also in various human diseases. However, more investigations are needed to understand their functions in both normal and cancer cells and to define which can be useful biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

关键词： Cancer EEFs Non-coding RNA Pseudogene Translation Translation elongation factor

High intensity focused ultrasound,liver disease and bridging therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第43期19卷 7494-7499页

作者： Mearini luigi Deparment of Urology University of PerugiaAzienda Ospedaliera di Perugia06100 PerugiaItaly

High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)is a noninvasive modality that uses an extracorporeal source of focused ultrasound *** technique was introduced by Lynn et al and is able to induce coagulative necrosis in selected tissues without damaging adjacent *** HIFU has been studied for 50years,recent technological developments now allow its use for tumours of the liver,prostate and other *** liver disease,HIFU has been used to treat unresectable,advanced stages of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and liver *** carcinoma is a serious health problem worldwide and is endemic in some areas because of its association with hepatitis B and C viruses(in 20%of cases).Liver transplantation(LT)has become one of the best treatments available because it removes both the tumour and the underlying liver disease such as cirrhosis(which is present in approximately 80%of cases).The prerequisite for longterm transplant success depends on tumour load and strict selection criteria regarding the size and number of tumour *** need to obtain the optimal benefit from the limited number of organs available has prompted strict selection criteria limited to only those patients with early HCC who have a better long-term outcome after *** so-called"bridging therapy"has the aim of controlling disease burden for patients who are on the organ transplant waiting *** various treatment options,transarterial chemoembolisation and radiofrequency ablation are the most popular treatment ***,Cheung et al demonstrated that HIFU ablation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of HCC patients with advanced cirrhosis as a bridging therapy and that it reduced the dropout rate from the liver transplant waiting *** this commentary,we discuss the current value of HIFU in the treatment of liver disease,including its value as a bridging therapy,and examine the potential advantages of other therapeutic strategies.

关键词： High-intensity focused ultrasound Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplantation Bridging therapy Waiting list

Overview of Al-based nanoenergetic ingredients for solid rocket propulsion

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第5期14卷 357-365页

作者： luigi T.DeLuca Politecnico di Milano MilanItaly Nanjing University of Science and Technology NanjingChina

The introduction of nano-sized energetic ingredients first occurred in Russia about 60 years ago and arose great expectations in the rocket propulsion community, thanks to the higher energy densities and faster energy release rates exhibited with respect to conventional ingredients. But, despite intense worldwide research programs, still today mostly laboratory level applications are reported and often for scientific purposes only. A number of practical reasons prevent the applications at industrial level: inert native coating of the energetic particles, nonuniform dispersion, aging, excessive viscosity of the slurry propellant, possible limitations in mechanical properties, more demanding safety issues, cost, and so *** paper describes the main features in terms of performance of solid rocket propellants loaded with nanometals and intends to emphasize the unique properties or operating conditions made possible by the addition of the nano-sized energetic ingredients. Steady and unsteady combustion regimes are examined.

关键词： Nanoaluminum Solid rocket propellant Burning rate Combustion Propulsion Performance

Changes in Soil Organic Carbon After Five Years of Biowaste Compost Application in a Mediterranean Vegetable Cropping System

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Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 328-337页

作者： Salvatore BAIANO luigi MORRA Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA)-Researeh Center for Cereals and Industrial Crop Laboratory of Caserta Via Torrino 2 Caserta 81100 (Italy)

Biowaste compost can influence soil organic matter accumulation directly or indirectly. A 5-year experiment was conducted to assess the influence of biowaste compost on the process of soil aggregation and soil organic carbon （SOC） accumulation in a Mediterranean vegetable cropping system. The study involved four treatments： biowaste compost （COM）, mineral NPK fertilizers （MIN）, biowaste compost with half-dose N fertilizer （COMN）, and unfertilized control （CK）. The SOC stocks were increased in COM, COMN, and MIN by 20.2, 14.9, and 2.4 Mg ha-1 over CK, respectively. The SOC concentration was significantly related to mean weight diameter of aggregates （MWD）（P 〈 0.05, R^2 = 0.798 4） when CK was excluded from regression analysis. Compared to CK, COM and COMN increased the SOC amount in macroaggregates （〉 250 μm） by 2.7 and 0.6 g kg-1 soil, respectively, while MIN showed a loss of 0.4 g kg-1 soil. The SOC amount in free microaggregates （53-250 ttm） increased by 0.9, 1.6, and 1.0 g kg-1 soil for COM, COMN, and MIN, respectively, while those in the free silt plus clay aggregates （~ 53 ~m） did not vary significantly. However, when separating SOC in particle-size fractions, we found that more stable organic carbon associated with mineral fraction 〈 53 μm （MOM-C） increased significantly by 3.4, 2.2, and 0.7 g kg-1 soil for COM, COMN, and MIN, respectively, over CK, while SOC amount in fine particulate organic matter （POM） fraction （53-250 μm） increased only by 0.3 g kg-1 soil for both COM and COMN, with no difference in coarse POM 〉 250 μm. Therefore, we consider that biowaste compost could be effective in improving soil structure and long-term C sequestration as more stable MOM-C.

关键词： aggregates carbon sequestration mineral-associated organic matter particle-size fraction particulate organic matter,soil structure