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Particuology 2019年第1期17卷 146-153页

作者： Wojciech ludwig Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Faculty of Chemistry. Department of Chemical EngineeringNorwida 4/650-373 WroclawPoland

The intensity of the electrostatic charge accumulated during the flow of Cellets^■ particles in a modified Wurster apparatus is investigated in terms of the bed mass, and the initial moisture and velocity of the spouting gas. Particle electrification is proportional to the increase in the velocity of the spouting gas, which is connected with a higher velocity of the cores and the strength of their impact on the walls of the device. The presence of moisture in the bed facilitates electrification, but does not affect circulation, since moisture simultaneously lowers the bed resistance and reduces the relaxation time of particles, leading to rapid discharging if brought into contact with the conducting elements of the apparatus. Therefore, with regard to classic dry-powder coating, the velocity of the spouting gas should be minimized to ensure good circulation, with the particle moisture held at the maximum level admissible for a given product. The investigations show that a unique construction of the apparatus, which brings about an intense natural electrification of the cores, makes it suitable for the electrostatic dry-coating process by means of a high-voltage feeder with the controlled charging of coating powder in the spray nozzle.

关键词： Electrification Electrostatic charge Spout-fluid bed Wurster apparatus

ON ENErGY CONSErVATION BY TrIGONOMETrIC INTEGrATOrS IN ThE LINEAr CASE WITh APPLICATION TO WAVE EQUATIONS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2020年第5期38卷 705-714页

作者： ludwig Gauckler Institut fur Mathematik Freie Universitat BerlinArnimallee 9D-14195 BerlinGermany

Trigonometric integrators for oscillatory linear hamiltonian differential equations are *** a condition of hairer&Lubich on the filter functions in the method,a modified energy is derived that is exactly preserved by trigonometric *** implies and extends a known result on all-time near-conservation of *** extension can be applied to linear wave equations.

关键词： Oscillatory hamiltonian systems Trigonometric integrators Energy conservation Long-time behaviour Modified energy

Shedding Light on the Crystallographic Etching of Multi-Layer Graphene at the Atomic Scale

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Nano research 2009年第9期2卷 695-705页

作者： Franziska Schäffel Jamie h.Warner Alicja Bachmatiuk Bernd rellinghaus Bernd Büchner ludwig Schultz Mark h.rümmeli IFW Dresden P.O.Box 270116D-01171 DresdenGermany Department of Materials University of OxfordParks Rd.Oxford OX13PHUnited Kingdom

The controlled etching of graphite and graphene by catalytic hydrogenation is potentially a key engineering route for the fabrication of graphene nanoribbons with atomic *** hydrogenation mechanism,though,remains poorly *** this study we exploit the benefi ts of aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to gain insight to the hydrogenation *** etch tracks are found to be commensurate with the graphite *** particles at the head of an etch channel are shown to be faceted and the angles between facets are multiples of 30°.Thus,the angles between facets are also commensurate with the graphite *** addition,the results of a post-annealing step suggest that all catalyst particles even if they are not involved in etching are actively forming methane during the hydrogenation ***,the data point against carbon dissolution being a key mechanism during the hydrogenation process.

关键词： Graphene graphene nanoribbons catalytic hydrogenation nanoparticles

Discovery of new materials using combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput characterization of thin-film materials libraries combined with computational methods

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 547-553页

作者： Alfred ludwig Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces Institute for MaterialsFaculty of Mechanical EngineeringRuhr University BochumBochumGermany ZGh Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany

This perspective provides an experimentalist’s view on materials discovery in multinary materials systems—from nanoparticles over thin films to bulk—based on combinatorial thin-film synthesis and high-throughput characterization in connection with highthroughput calculations and materials *** multinary materials systems as well as composition gradients which cover all materials compositions necessary for verification/falsification of hypotheses and predictions are efficiently fabricated by combinatorial synthesis of thin-film materials *** high-quality high-throughput characterization methods enable comprehensive determination of compositional,structural and(multi)functional properties of the materials contained in the *** created multidimensional datasets enable data-driven materials discoveries and support efficient optimization of newly identified materials,using combinatorial ***,these datasets are the basis for multifunctional existence diagrams,comprising correlations between composition,processing,structure and properties,which can be used for the design of future materials.

关键词： synthesis film characterization

Short-Term Effect of Nitrogen Intensification on Aggregate Size Distribution, Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities in a Semi-Arid Soil Under Different Crop Types

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Pedosphere 2019年第4期29卷 483-491页

作者： rajasekaran MUrUGAN V. r. ramakrishna PArAMA Beate MADAN r. MUThUrAJU Bernard ludwig Department of Environmental Chemistry University of Kassel Nordbahnhof str. la Witzenhausen 37213 (Germany) Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry University of Agricultural Sciences (GKVK) Bangalore 560065 (India) Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems research in the Tropics and Subtropics University of Kassel Stein str. 19 Witzenhausen 37213 (Germany) Department of Agricultural Microbiology University of Agricultural Sciences (GKVK) Bangalore 560065 (India)

There is a lack of quantitative assessments available on the effect of agricultural intensification on soil aggregate distribution and microbial properties. here, we investigated how short-term nitrogen(N) intensification induced changes in aggregate size distribution and microbial properties in a soil of a hot moist semi-arid region(Bangalore, India). We hypothesised that N intensification would increase the accumulation of macroaggregates > 2 mm and soil microbial biomass and activity, and that the specific crop plant sowed would influence the level of this increase. In November 2016, surface(0–10 cm) and subsurface(10–20 cm) soil samples were taken from three N fertilisation treatments, low N(50 kg N ha-1), medium N(75 and 100 kg N ha-1 for finger millet and maize, respectively),and high N(100 and 150 kg N ha-1 for finger millet and maize, respectively). Distribution of water-stable aggregate concentrations,carbon(C) and N dynamics within aggregate size class, and soil microbial biomass and activity were evaluated. The high-N treatment significantly increased the concentration of large macroaggregates in the subsurface soil of the maize crop treatment, presumably due to an increased C input from root growth. Different N fertilisation levels did not significantly affect C and N concentrations in different aggregate size classes or the bulk soil. high-N applications significantly increased dehydrogenase activity in both the surface soil and the subsurface soil and urease activity in the surface soil, likely because of increased accumulation of enzymes stabilised by soil colloids in dry soils. Dehydrogenase activity was significantly affected by the type of crop, but urease activity not. Overall, our results showed that high N application rates alter large macroaggregates and enzyme activities in surface and subsurface soils through an increased aboveground and corresponding belowground biomass input in the maize crop.

关键词： agricultural intensification biomass input C and N dynamics large macroaggregate microaggregate N application small macroaggregate water-stable aggregates

Modeling West Nile Virus transmission in birds and humans:Advantages of using a cellular automata approach

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 278-297页

作者： Baki Cissé David r.Lapen K.Chalvet-Monfray Nicholas h.Ogden Antoinette ludwig Public health Sciences Division National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaSt-HyacintheCanada Groupe de recherche enÉpidémiologie des Zoonoses et SantéPublique(GrEZOSP) Facultéde Médecine VétérinaireUniversitéde MontréalSaint-HyacintheQuébecCanada Ottawa research and Development Centre Science and Technology BranchAgriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawaK1A 0C6Canada Universitéde Lyon INRAEVetAgro SupUMR EPIAMarcy l’EtoileFrance UniversitéClermont Auvergne INRAEVetAgro SupUMR EPIASaint-Genès-ChampanelleFrance

In Canada,the periodic circulation of West Nile Virus(WNV)is difficult to predict and,beyond climatic factors,appears to be related to the migratory movements of infected birds from the southern United *** hypothesis has not yet been explored in a spatially distributed *** main objective of this work was to develop a spatially explicit dynamic model for the transmission of WNV in Canada,that allows us to explore non-climate related hypotheses associated with WNV transmission.A Cellular Automata(CA)approach for multiple hosts(birds and humans)is used for a test region in eastern Ontario,*** tool is designed to explore the role of host and vector spatial heterogeneity,host migration,and vector feeding *** developed a spatialized compartmental SEIrDS-SEI model for WNV transmission with a study region divided into 4 rectangular *** used 2010–2021 bird data from the eBird project and 2010–2019 mosquito data collected by Ontario Public health to mimic bird and mosquito seasonal *** considered heterogeneous bird densities(high and low suitability areas)and homogeneous mosquito and human *** high suitability areas for birds,we identified 5 entry points for WNV-infected *** compared our simulations with pools of WNV-infected field collected *** and sensitivity analyses were performed using MATLAB *** results showed good correspondence between simulated and observed epidemics,supporting the validity of our model assumptions and *** analysis showed that a 5%increase or decrease in each parameter of our model except for the biting rate of bird by mosquito(c^(B,M)and mosquito natural mortality rate(d^(M)),had a very limited effect on the total number of cases(newly infected birds and humans),prevalence peak,or date of *** demonstrate the utility of the CA approach for studying WNV transmission in a heterogeneous landscape with multiple hosts.

关键词： Cellular automata Mosquito-borne diseases SEIrDS-SEI modeling West Nile Virus

Neuroplasticity, limbic neuroblastosis and neuro-regenerative disorders

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Neural regeneration research 2018年第8期13卷 1322-1326页

作者： Mahesh Kandasamy ludwig Aigner Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration Department of Animal Science School of Life Sciences Bharathidasan University Faculty recharge Programme University Grants Commission (UGC-FRP) Institute of Molecular regenerative Medicine Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue regeneration Center Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University

The brain is a dynamic organ of the biological renaissance due to the existence of neuroplasticity. Adult neurogenesis abides by every aspect of neuroplasticity in the intact brain and contributes to neural regeneration in response to brain diseases and injury. The occurrence of adult neurogenesis has unequivocally been witnessed in human subjects, experimental and wildlife research including rodents, bats and cetaceans. Adult neurogenesis is a complex cellular process, in which generation of neuroblasts namely, neuroblastosis appears to be an integral process that occur in the limbic system and basal ganglia in addition to the canonical neurogenic niches. Neuroblastosis can be regulated by various factors and contributes to different functions of the brain. The characteristics and fate of neuroblasts have been found to be different among mammals regardless of their cognitive functions. recently, regulation of neuroblastosis has been proposed for the sensorimotor interface and regenerative neuroplasticity of the adult brain. hence, the understanding of adult neurogenesis at the functional level of neuroblasts requires a great scientific attention. Therefore, this mini-review provides a glimpse into the conceptual development of neuroplasticity, discusses the possible role of different types of neuroblasts and signifies neuroregenerative failure as a potential cause of dementia.

关键词： neuroplasticity adult neurogenesis neuroblasts reactive neuroblastosis hippocampus ultrasound neuroregenerative disorders neotrophy echolocation

Phase constitution of the noble metal thin-film complex solid solution system Ag-Ir-Pd-Pt-ru in dependence of elemental compositions and annealing temperatures

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Nano research 2022年第6期15卷 4827-4836页

作者： Bin Xiao Xiao Wang Alan Savan Alfred ludwig Materials Discovery and Interfaces Institute for MaterialsRuhr University Bochum44780 BochumGermany Zentrum für Grenzflächendominierte höchstleistungswerkstoffe(ZGh) Ruhr University Bochum44780 BochumGermany

Multiple-principal element alloys hold great promise for multifunctional material discovery(e.g.,for novel electrocatalysts based on complex solid solutions)in a virtually unlimited compositional ***,the phase constitution of the noble metal system Ag-Ir-Pd-Pt-ru was investigated over a large compositional range in the quinary composition space and for different annealing temperatures from 600 to 900°C using thin-film materials ***-dependent X-ray diffraction mapping of the asdeposited thin-film materials library indicates different phases being present across the composition space(face-centered cubic(fcc),hexagonal close packed(hcp)and mixed fcc+hcp),which are strongly dependent on the ru *** general,low ru contents promote the fcc phase,whereas high ru contents favor the formation of an hcp solid-solution ***,a temperature-induced phase transformation study was carried out for a selected measurement area of fcc-Ag_(5)Ir_(8)Pd_(56)Pt_(8)ru_(23).With increasing temperature,the initial fcc phase transforms to an intermediate C14-type Laves phase at 360°C,and then to hcp when the temperature reaches 510°*** formation and disappearance of the hexagonal Laves phase,which covers a wide temperature range,plays a crucial role of bridging the fcc to hcp phase *** obtained composition,phase and temperature data are transformed into phase maps which could be used to guide theoretical studies and lay a basis for tuning the functional properties of these materials.

关键词： noble metal high-entropy alloys phase transformation combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput characterization

No evidence of contagious yawning in the red-footed tortoise Geochelone carbonaria

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 477-484页

作者： Anna WILKINSON Natalie SEBANZ Isabella MANDL ludwig hUBEr Department of Cognitive Biology University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14 Vienna 1090 Austria Department of Biological Sciences University of Lincoln Lincoln LN2 2LG UK Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior Centre for Cognition Radboud University Nijmegen P.O. Box 9104 6500 HE Nijmegen The Netherlands

Three hypotheses have attempted to explain the phenomenon of contagious yawning. It has been hypothesized that it is a fixed action pattern for which the releasing stimulus is the observation of another yawn, that it is the result of non-conscious mimicry emerging through close links between perception and action or that it is the result of empathy, involving the ability to engage in mental state attribution. This set of experiments sought to distinguish between these hypotheses by examining contagious yawning in a species that is unlikely to show nonconscious mimicry and empathy but does respond to social stimuli： the red-footed tortoise Geochelone carbonaria. A demonstrator tortoise was conditioned to yawn when presented with a red square-shaped stimulus. Observer tortoises were exposed to three conditions： observation of conditioned yawn, non demonstration control, and stimulus only control. We measured the number of yawns for each observer animal in each condition. There was no difference between conditions. Experiment 2 therefore increased the number of conditioned yawns presented. Again, there was no significant difference between conditions. It seemed plausible that the tortoises did not view the conditioned yawn as a real yawn and therefore a final experiment was run using video recorded stimuli. The observer tortoises were presented with three conditions： real yawn, conditioned yawns and empty background. Again there was no significant difference between conditions. We therefore conclude that the red-footed tortoise does not yawn in response to observing a conspecific yawn. This suggests that contagious yawning is not the result of a fixed action pattern but may involve more complex social processes [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 477-484, 2011].

关键词： reptile Contagious yawn Empathy Nonconscious mimicry Fixed action pattern

Blue-green architecture:A case study analysis considering the synergetic effects of water and vegetation

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Frontiers of Architectural research 2020年第1期9卷 191-202页

作者： Friederike Well Ferdinand ludwig Department of Architecture Technical University of MunichArcisstraβe 2180333 MünchenGermany

Blue-green infrastructure is a network of natural and near-natural areas that has a positive effect on the quality of urban *** multifunctional planning approach addresses different issues and objectives depending on whether the focus is on the blue(water)or the green(vegetation)***-motivated projects aim to densify urban vegetation and include the growing sector of building greening.A good climatic effect of vegetation can be achieved by sufficient *** many cases,this approach results in additional water ***-motivated projects consider water accumulation in cities(e.g.,by heavy rainfall)as a waste product and look for solutions for local drainage and *** planning approaches offer only one-sided solutions and create no sufficient interfaces between water availability and water *** on four case studies,this work examines the extent to which blue-green projects take advantage of the possibilities for the synergetic use of *** projects are analyzed graphically by applying the daily tools of architects as a scientific method.A graphic presentation of the blue and green components makes existing solutions and missing links *** results show that buildings can be considered to be an interface for blue-green ***,the possible synergies are often overlooked during the planning *** fact highlights the need for a new planning approach that interlinks blue and green aspects that are already in the early planning stages.

关键词： Blue-green infrastructure Urban water management Building greening Urban microclimate