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Intestinal Microbiota, Obesity and Insulin Resistance—What Are the Relationships?

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Health 2018年第4期10卷 365-373页

作者： Lígia Maria Cordeiro Misurini Nicole do Prado Olbrzymek do Prado Olbrzymek Cicera Aparecida Mendes Letícia Godoy Dias Sanderson Renata Florenzano Flores Luiz Henrique corrêa Portari Portari luciana corrêa de souza rodrigues Diana Aristotelis Rocha de Sá Larissa Bianca Paiva Cunha de Sá Alberto Krayyem Arbex Endocrinology Division IPEMED Medical School Sao Paulo Brazil Diabetology department Malteser Krankenhaus St. Franziskus Hospital Flensburg Germany Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA

Obesity is a public health problem and its prevalence increases every year, resulting from a complex interaction between genetic, metabolic and environmental factors, as well as cultural influences. The Intestinal Microbiota is composed of trillions of microorganisms by forming a symbiotic relationship with the host and helping the absorption of various nutrients, increasing the extraction of components of the diet, the lipogenesis and intestinal permeability. Studies show that there is difference between the composition of the intestinal microbiota of an obese person and a healthy one. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the relationship between the Intestinal Microbiota, Obesity and Insulin Resistance and also illustrate some studies on the subject.

关键词： Obesity Intestinal Microbiota Insulin Resistance

Sex recognition does not modulate aggression toward nest intruders in a paper wasp

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Current Zoology 2023年第3期69卷 324-331页

作者： Andre rodrigues de souza Wilson Franca Amanda Prato Fabio Santos do Nascimento departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao PretoUniversidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

During social interactions,the behavior of an individual often depends on the sex of its social *** animal societies have males and females that play very different behavioral roles,although they coexist and interact *** specific phases of the colony cycle,social wasp females and males are contemporaries within a nest,they often interact,although mating occurs mostly off the nest,therefore providing an opportunity to test sex discrimination in contexts other than classical sexual *** performed a lure presentation experiment to test if Mischocyttarus metathoracicus discriminate between conspecifics of the 2 sexes during on-nest social *** wasps discriminated conspecific sex during experimentally simulated nest *** and chemical cues may account for this sex *** sex discrimination(evidenced by differential inspective behavior from the nest females toward the female and the male lures),female wasps were as aggressive toward lures of both *** the female-dominated hymenopteran societies,males are often subordinate and not aggressive on nest,resulting in females directing less aggression to them compared to other ***,*** males and females are both aggressive toward nestmates,so they might be perceived as similar threat during on-nest social interactions.

关键词： chemical cues Mischocyttarus sex discrimination social interactions social wasps visual cues

Biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in mangroves of Goa in West India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第3期24卷 515-523页

作者： James D'souza Bernard Felinov rodrigues department of Botany Goa UniversityGoa 403 206 India

Seventeen mangrove species of eight families at seven river- ine and fringe habitats in Goa West India were surveyed for Arbuscular Mycorrhizal （AM） fungal diversity. Sixteen species were found to be mycorrhizal and one species showed no AM fungal colonization. AM root colonization was recorded at all seven sites and ranged from 6%-77%. Maximum root colonization was recorded in Excoecaria agal- locha （77%） and minimum colonization in Avicennia marina （6%）. Paris-type colonization was predominant at all sites. Auxiliary cells were recorded in roots of Acanthus ilicifolius, Ceriops tagal and Sonneretia alba. AM fungal root colonization and spore density varied by plant species and site. Site average spore density ranged from 1.84 spores.g^-1 to 0.54 spores.g-1 of soil. In total, 28 AM fungal species of five genera, viz. Glomus, Acaulospora, Scutellospora, Gigaspora and Entrophospora, were recovered. Glomus was the dominant genus, three species of which were sporocarpic forms. Maximum site species richness （SR） ranged from 16 to 5. Species richness was maximum in A. ilicifolius where seven species of three genera were recovered. Based on relative abun- dance （RA） and isolation frequency （IF）, two common species, viz. G. intraradices and A. laevis, were recovered from all seven sites.

关键词： Glomus intraradices root colonization Paris type sporedensity rhizosphcre

Long-lasting effects of unplanned logging on the seed rain of mixed conifer-hardwood forests in southern South America

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第4期32卷 1409-1418页

作者： Alexandre F.souza Angela luciana deÁvila Maristela M.Araújo Solon Jonas Longhi departament of Ecology CBRio Grande Do Norte Federal UniversityCentral CampusLagoa NovaNatal 59072-970RNBrazil Forest Growth department Freiburg Im BreisgauBaden-Vurtemberga Forest Research InstituteWonnhaldestraße 4Freiburg im Breisgau 79104Germany Forest Engineering Postgraduate Program Forestry DepartmentSanta Maria Federal UniversityRoraima Av.s/nCamobiSanta Maria 97105-900RSBrazil

Understanding the effects of disturbance on seed rain is critical to predict changes in forest species composition and *** effects on seed rain in a mixed conifer-hardwood forest complex in southern Brazil were *** year of seed rain data were collected from a large-scale observational experiment in logged and protected forests and quantity and average seed size weighted by species abundance(CWM)were compared between old-growth and logged stands 55 years after logging *** these data,variations in frequency of functional groups of species in the seed rain were examined to see if they could be attributed to *** show that the number of seeds per trap was highly right-skewed,ranging from 13 to 12,788 seeds per trap in one *** rain was affected by logging history,with seed traps in old-growth plots receiving significantly less seeds than traps in logged *** species included mean seed size weighted by species abundance were significantly smaller in logged than in old-growth *** difference persisted after the exclusion of Arawcaria a large-seeded pioneer which was intensively logged,although the difference of seed size between the two forest classes was greatly *** abundance in the seed rain differed significantly from the established tree community,between logged and oldgrowth *** composition of the seed rain was much more variable than the composition of the established tree community and its points more scattered over the ordination space than the points corresponding to the protected *** number of collected seeds across different functional groups of species significantly differed between logged and old-growth *** seed rain of logged forests reflects their arrested succes sion as indicated by reduced abundance of functional groups such as pioneers,large seeded pioneers and A raucaria,as well as reduced functional diversity.S eed rain differences between logged and old-

关键词： Arrested succession Brazil Logging Long-lived pioneers Seed rain

Fatty liver disease in severe obese patients:Diagnostic value of abdominal ultrasound

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第9期14卷 1415-1418页

作者： Alessandro de Moura Almeida Helma Pinchemel Cotrim Daniel Batista Valente Barbosa luciana Gordilho Matteoni de Athayde Adimeia souza Santos Almir Galvo Vieira Bitencourt Luiz Antonio rodrigues de Freitas Adriano Rios Erivaldo Alves Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia Universidade Federal da Bahia SalvadorBahia 41830-020Brasil Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia Universidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBahia 41830-020Brasil Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia Universidade Federal da Bahia SalvadorBahia 41830-020Brasil Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia Universidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBahia 41830-020 Brasil Núcleo de Cirurgia da Obesidade SalvadorBahia 41830-020Brasil

AIM:To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of abdominal ultrasound (US) for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in severe obese subjects and its relation to histological grade of steatosis. METHODS: A consecutive series of obese patients, who underwent bariatric surgery from October 2004 to May 2005, was selected. Ultrasonography was performed in all patients as part of routine preoperative time and an intraoperative wedge biopsy was obtained at the beginning of the bariatric surgery. The US and histological findings of steatosis were compared, considering histology as the gold standard. RESULTS: The study included 105 patients. The mean age was 37.2 ± 10.6 years and 75.2% were female. The histological prevalence of steatosis was 89.5%. The sensitivity and specificity of US in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis were, respectively, 64.9% (95% CI: 54.9-74.3) and 90.9% (95% CI: 57.1-99.5). The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were, respectively, 98.4% (95% CI: 90.2-99.9) and 23.3% (95% CI: 12.3-39.0). The presence of steatosis onUS was associated to advanced grades of steatosis on histology (P = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Preoperative abdominal US in our series has not shown to be an accurate method for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in severe obese patients. Until another non-invasive method demonstrates better sensitivity and specificity values, histological evaluation may be recommended to these patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

关键词： Bariatric surgery Obesity Hepatic steatosis Abdominal ultrasound diagnosis Fatty liver

Effects of climate changes on distribution of Eremanthus erythropappus and ***(Asteraceae)in Brazil

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 353-364页

作者： Lucas Fernandes Rocha Isaias Emilio Paulino do Carmo Joema souza rodrigues Povoa Dulcineia de Carvalho departamento de Ciencias Florestais Universidade Federal de LavrasLavrasMG CEP 37200-000Brazil Institute of Biosystems Engineering Poznan University of Life SciencesWojska Polskiego 5060-637 PoznanPoland

Phylogeographic patterns of endemic species are critical keys to understand its adaptation to future climate ***,based on chloroplast DNA,we analyzed the genetic diversity of two endemic and endangered tree species from the Brazilian savanna and Atlantic forest(Eremanthus erythropappus and Eremanthus incanus).We also applied the climate-based ecological niche modeling(ENM)to evaluate the impact of the Quaternary climate(last glacial maximum*21 kyr BP(thousand years before present)and Mid-Holocene*6 kyr BP)on the current haplotype ***,we modeled the potential effect of future climate change on the species distribution in 2070 for the most optimistic and pessimistic *** primer/enzyme combination(SFM/HinfI)revealed polymorphism with very low haplotype diversity,showing only three different *** haplotype 1 has very low frequency and it was classified as the oldest,diverging from six mutations from the haplotypes 2 and *** *** populations are structured and differ genetically according to the areas of *** general,the populations located in the north region are genetically different from those located in the *** genetic structuring was observed for *** ENM revealed a large distribution during the past and a severe decrease in geographic distribution of *** and *** from the LGM until present and predicts a drastic decline in suitable areas in the *** reduction may homogenize the genetic diversity and compromise a relevant role of these species on infiltration of groundwater.

关键词： Ecological niche modeling Genetic diversity Climate change Chloroplast DNA

Application of ventilation management programs for improved mine safety

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第4期27卷 647-650页

作者： de souza Euler department of Mining Engineering Queen's University Kingston KTL3N6 Canada

The purpose of ventilation management systems is to ensure the health and safety of underground workers by creating and incorporating structured plans, procedures and processes on the day-to-day operations of the mine ventilation system. The application of ventilation management programs consists of audit, verification, and corrective action procedures to:(1) ensure adherence to regulatory standards,or to(2) return to compliance and safety standards when an upset condition arises. This paper describes how a ventilation management program can be developed and implemented to ensure regulation compliance, to increase safety, to improve operational efficiency and to reduce the operating costs of an operating mine. Two case applications are presented in this paper. The first case is presented to demonstrate use of a ventilation management program in response to a site inspection and audit, with follow-up application of corrective actions. The second case application describes how air quality conditions has been substantially improved with the development and implementation of a ventilation management program for an operating underground hard rock mine.

关键词： Mine ventilation Ventilation management Air quality Ventilation efficiency

Fractionation of rare earth and other trace elements in crabs,Ucides cordatus,from a subtropical mangrove affected by fertilizer industry

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第4期29卷 69-76页

作者： Alice Bosco-Santos Wanilson Luiz-Silva Emmanoel Vieira da Silva-Filho Monique Dias corrêa de souza Elton Luiz Dantas Margareth Sugano Navarro State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Institute of Geosciences Department of Geology and Natural Resources Campinas Sao Paulo 13083870 Brazil . Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Institute of Chemistry Department of Geochemistry Niteroi Rio de Janeiro 24900970 Brazil University of Brasília(UnB) Institute of Geosciences Department of Geology Brasflia Distrito Federal 70910900 Brazil

Fractionation of rare earth elements（REE） and other trace metal concentrations（Th, U, Cd,Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn） between mangrove sediments and claw muscles and shells of male crabs（Ucides cordatus） from a subtropical estuary highly impacted by fertilizer industry activities was investigated. This is the first record of REE distribution in these organisms,and the results showed higher accumulations of these metals, U and Th in shells, probably related to the replacement of Ca during molting. Contents of Cd, Cr and Ni were similar in both tissues, but Cu, Zn and Pb were mostly accumulated in the claw muscle with concentrations above those considered safe for human consumption according to the Brazilian legislation. REE fractionation was different in the analyzed tissues being softer in the shells. The results provided evidences that the water absorbed during molting controls the chemistry of REE in shells. In contrast, the chemistry of REE in the claw muscle, in which was observed preferential absorption of light REE, is controlled by diet. REE fractionation obtained for the claw muscles was closely correlated to the observed in the contaminated substrate and in materials related to the production of phosphate fertilizers（contamination source）, which supports their transference to this Ucides cordatus tissue without fractionation by the ingestion of sediments. Our results showed the potential use of crab tissues for monitoring REE and trace element sources in mangrove areas, with claw muscle exhibiting the contaminant source fingerprint.

关键词： Rare earth elements Trace metals Fertilizer contamination Crabs

Dietary supplementation with free methionine or methionine dipeptide mitigates intestinal oxidative stress induced by Eimeria spp. challenge in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第4期10卷 1005-1021页

作者： Angélica de souza Khatlab Ana Paula del Vesco Adhemar rodrigues de Oliveira Neto Roberta Pereira Miranda Fernandes Eliane Gasparino Animal Science department State University of MaringáColombo Avenue5790Jardim UniversitárioMaringáParaná87020-900Brazil Animal Science department Federal University of SergipeMarechal Rondon AvenueS/NJardim Rosa ElzeSao CristóvaoSergipe 49100-000Brazil EVONIK of Brazil Arquiteto Olavo Redig de Campos Street105Tower ASo PauloSP 04711-904Brazil Physiology departament Federal University of SergipeMarechal Rondon AvenueS/NJardim Rosa ElzeSao CristóvaoSergipe 49100-000Brazil

Background: This study evaluated the effects of Eimeria spp. challenge and dietary supplementation with free methionine or methionine dipeptide on animal performance;expression of genes associated with the immune system, antioxidant system, and amino acid transport in the jejunum;and redox status of the jejunum of broiler ***: A randomized, 2 × 3 factorial design was used, in which Eimeria spp. challenge was the first factor(Eimeria-challenged, EC, or unchallenged, UC, broilers) and methionine supplementation was the second factor(non-supplemented, NS;free DL-methionine, DL-Met;and methionine dipeptide, DL-methionyl-DL-methionine, DLMMet). At 14 days of age, chickens were inoculated orally with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria praecox, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria mitis. Birds were killed by cervical dislocation 144 h post-inoculation(PI), and the jejunum was collected for biochemical and molecular ***: EC broilers had a 13% lower feed intake(FI), 37% lower body weight gain(BWG), and 39% higher feed conversion ratio(FCR) than UC broilers. Chickens fed the DL-Met diet had higher BWG(about 12% higher) and better FCR(about 12% lower) than chickens fed the NS diet. EC chickens had lower relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius(51.8%) and higher relative weights of the spleen and whole intestine(53.6% and 26.3%, respectively) than UC chickens. Eimeria spp. challenge led to an increase in the levels of oxidative substances, such as nitrite and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), in the jejunum of chickens 144 h PI. Among UC chickens, those fed the DL-Met diet had higher total antioxidant capacity(TAC) and lower catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities. EC chickens that received the NS diet had higher carbonylated protein content(CP). This result was associated with their lower TAC and catalase activity. The lower TAC in EC chickens might have been due to reduced expression of catalase(CAT) and superoxide

关键词： Antioxidant Coccidiosis Gut INFG PEPT1