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Endophytes versus biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens—are fungal lifestyles evolutionarily stable traits?

Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 125-135页

作者： Luis Delaye Graciela García-guzm.n Martin Heil Departamento de Ingeniería Genética Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados(CINVESTAV)IrapuatoGuanajuatoMexico Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUNAMMéxico CityMexico

Endophytes infect living plant tissues without causing symptoms of ***,many of them contribute to the resistance phenotype of their ***,fungal endophytes are generally closely related to plant pathogens,fungi that either develop within living host tissue(biotrophic fungi)or that kill the host cells and then live in the dead tissue(necrotrophic fungi).We adopted a phylogenetic approach to investigate whether these strategies represent evolutionarily stable lifestyles and to elucidate their general phylogenetic *** analysed 163 fungal strains for which we found information on the sequence of the 5.8S rRnA gene and the flanking internal transcribed spacer regions,the identity of the host plant and the concrete phenotypic outcome of the infection.A Maximum-Likelihood analysis combined with ancestral character mapping by maximum parsimony revealed that some fungal lineages had switched multiple times between a necrotrophic and an endophytic *** character mapping indicated a minimum of four changes from an endophytic to a necrotrophic lifestyle,four changes in the opposite direction and eight changes among these lifestyles for which the direction could not be determined *** contrast,biotrophs formed five clusters that did not contain necrotrophs or *** biotrophy evolves there is apparently no regression to one of the other two *** conclude that biotrophy usually represents a derived and evolutionarily stable trait,whereas fungi easily can switch between an endophytic and necrotrophic lifestyle at the evolutionary and even the ecological *** experimental studies should focus on the environmental or genetic changes that cause the rapid switches between these two phenotypically different lifestyles.

关键词： Disease expression Fungi Plant pathogens Phylogenetic effects

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Factors affecting populations of the endemic Iberian hare(Lepus granatensis)after the first myxomatosis outbreaks in Central Spain

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第6期18卷 981-993页

作者： Carlos LÁZARO JoséLuis guzm.n Fabián CASAS Carlos SÁnCHEZ-GARCÍA Department of Research Fundación ArtemisanCiudad RealSpain Department of Zoology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain

The Iberian hare(Lepus granatensis)is an endemic species distributed in Spain and *** outbreaks affecting this species were detected in 2018 in Central and Southern Spain,spreading *** to evaluate factors affecting the status of hare population after the arrival of myxomatosis,we conducted 108 nocturnal hare counts in Central Spain during two study periods(winter/spring and summer/autumn)in 54 different hunting grounds,covering 1071 km and observing 884 *** mean density in winter/spring was 7.66 hares/100 ha,(range 6.14-9.54/100 ha),while in summer/autumn,it was 3.4 hares/100 ha(range 2.6-4.4/100 ha).Densities of hares were not affected by the dominant habitat and the presence/absence of myxomatosis *** were more abundant at hunting grounds at a higher altitude and in those conducting targeted management,while detection of myxomatosis was related to lower altitude and higher levels of game management.A MaxEnt model used to generate a risk map for myxomatosis occurrence showed that the temperature annual range was the most important predictor,which suggests that environmental factors affecting myxomatosis vectors(mosquitoes,fleas,and ticks)could play a key role in disease *** myxomatosis in hares is becoming endemic,hare densities may be improved by game management and the monitoring and surveillance of this emerging *** surveillance programs could be the basis of effective collaborations between hunters,researchers,and environmental managers.

关键词： game management habitat Iberian hare MaxEnt monitoring myxomatosis

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Post-testing measurement of freely movable and diffusible hydrogen in context of WEC formation at cylindrical roller thrust bearings from 100Cr6

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Friction 2021年第4期9卷 876-890页

作者： Martin LInZMAYER Francisco GUTIÉRREZ guzm.n Gregor MAnKE Georg JACOBS Christopher SOUS Michael POHL Institute for Machine Elements and System Engineering RWTH Aachen UniversitySchinkelstrasse 10Aachen 52062Germany Institute for Materials Material TestingRuhr University BochumUniversitatsstr 150Bochum 44801Germany

Sub-surface crack networks in areas of altered microstructure are a common cause for bearing *** to its appearance under light microscopy,the damage pattern is referred to as White Etching Cracks(WEC).The root causes leading to the formation of WEC are still under ***,it has already been shown that atomic hydrogen can have an accelerating effect on the formation and propagation of *** addition to hydrogen pre-charging,hydrogen can be released and absorbed during rolling/sliding due to the decomposing of the lubricant and *** current work focuses on the analysis of the hydrogen content of cylindrical roller thrust bearings after testing in a FE8 type test rig using two different *** the framework of this work,two different hydrogen analysis methods were used and assessed regarding their *** results show that the so-called Hydrogen Collecting Analysis(HCA)is more suitable to investigate the correlation between lubricant chemistry and hydrogen content in the test bearings than the Local Hydrogen Analysis(LHA).The measurements with the HCA show a continuously increasing freely movable and diffusible hydrogen content under tribological conditions,which leads to the formation of *** tests with an oil without hydrogen showed that the tendency of the system to fail as a result of WEC can be reduced by using a lubricant without hydride compounds.

关键词： White Etching Crack(WEC) White Etching Areas(WEA) hydrogen content Hydrogen Collecting Analysis(HCA) freely movable hydrogen diffusible hydrogen cylindrical roller thrust bearing roller bearings roller contact fatigue

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Methanogenesis and Methanotrophy in Soil: A Review

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Pedosphere 2014年第3期24卷 291-307页

作者： n.SERRAnO-SILVA Y.SARRIA-guzm.n L.DEnDOOVEn M.LUnA-GUIDO Laboratory of Soil Ecology ABACUS Cinvestav Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508 C.P.07360 mexico d.f.(mexico)

Global warming, as a result of an increase in the mean temperature of the planet, might lead to catastrophic events for humanity. This temperature increase is mainly the result of an increase in the atmospheric greenhouse gases （GHG） concentration. Water vapor, carbon dioxide （CO2）, methane （CH4） and nitrous oxide （n20） are the most important GHG, and human activities, such as industry, livestock and agriculture, contribute to the production of these gases. Methane, at an atmospheric concentration of 1.7 gmol tool-1 currently, is responsible for 16% of the global warming due to its relatively high global warming potential. Soils play an important role in the CH4 cycle as methanotrophy （oxidation of CH4） and methanogenesis （production of CH4） take place in them. Understanding methanogenesis and methanotrophy is essential to establish new agriculture techniques and industrial processes that contribute to a better balance of GHG. The current knowledge of methanogenesis and methanotrophy in soils, anaerobic CH4 oxidation and methanotrophy in extreme environments is also discussed.

关键词： anaerobic CH4 oxidation biological production global warming methanogenic archaea methanotrophic bacteria

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The adjustment of γ-aminobutyric acid_A tonic subunits in Huntington＇s disease：from transcription to translation to synaptic levels into the neostriatum

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neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 584-590页

作者： Abraham Rosas-Arellano Argel Estrada-Mondragón Carola A.Mantellero Carlos Tejeda-guzm.n Maite A.Castro Instituto de Bioquimica y Microbiologia Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the nervous System (CISne) Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile Departamento de Fisiologla Biofisica y Neurociencias Cinvestav del IPN Ciudad de Mexico Mexico Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia Laboratorio de neurociencias Departamento de Biologia Facultad de Quimica y Biologla Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile

γ-Aminobutyric acid（GABA）,plays a key role in all stages of life,also is considered the main inhibitory *** activates two kind of membrane receptors known as GABAA and GABAB,the first one is responsible to render tonic inhibition by pentameric receptors containing α4-6,β3,δ,or ρ1-3 subunits,they are located at perisynaptic and/or in extrasynaptic *** biophysical properties of GABAA tonic inhibition have been related with cellular protection against excitotoxic injury and cell death in presence of excessive *** this basis,GABAA tonic inhibition has been proposed as a potential target for therapeutic intervention of Huntington＇s ***＇s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a genetic mutation of the huntingtin *** experimental studies of Huntington＇s disease mouse models have been developed,such as R6/1,R6/2,Hdh Q92,Hdh Q150,as well as *** all of them,some key experimental reports are focused on *** neostriatum is considered as the most important connection between cerebral cortex and basal ganglia structures,its cytology display two pathways called direct and indirect constituted by medium sized spiny neurons expressing dopamine D1 and D2 receptors respectively,they display strong expression of many types of GABAA receptors,including tonic *** studies about of GABAA tonic subunits and Huntington＇s disease into the neostriatum are rising in recent years,suggesting interesting changes in their expression and localization which can be used as a strategy to delay the cellular damage caused by the imbalance between excitation and inhibition,a hallmark of Huntington＇s disease.

关键词： GABAA extrasynaptic and perisynaptic y-aminobutyric acidA receptors striatum R6/1, R6/2,HdhQ92, HdhQ111, HdhQ150, n171-82Q and YAC128 HD transgenics mice models chorea mutanthuntingtin inhibitory neurotransmission D1 medium sized spiny neurons D2 medium sized spiny neurons

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near shore seismic movements induced by seaquakes using the boundary element method

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2017年第3期16卷 571-585页

作者： Alejandro Rodríguez-Castellanos Manuel Carbajal-Romero norberto Flores-guzm.n J.Efraín Rodríguez-Sánchez Andriy Kryvko instituto mexicano del petróleo eje central lázaro cárdenas 152Gustavo A.MaderoDistrito FederalMéxico escuela superior de ingeniería mecánicay eléctrica instituto politécnico nacionalupalmEdif.5Av.Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/NCol.LindavistaGustavo A.MaderoDistrito FederalMéxico escuela superior de ingeniería mecánicay eléctrica instituto politécnico nacionalunidad profesional azcapotzalcoDistrito FederalMéxico centro de investigación en matemáticas jalisco s/nmineral de valencianaguanajuatoMéxico

This study quantifies seismic amplifications in near-shore arising from seaquakes. Within the Boundary Element Method, boundary elements are used to irradiate waves and force densities obtained for each element. Huygens′ Principle is implemented since the diffracted waves are constructed at the boundary from which they are radiated, which is equivalent to Somigliana′s theorem. Application of boundary conditions leads to a system of integral equations of the Fredholm type of second kind and zero order. Several numerical configurations are analyzed： The first is used to verify the present formulation with ideal sea floor configurations to estimate seismic amplifications. With the formulation verified, simple slope configurations are studied to estimate spectra of seismic motions. It is found that P-waves can produce seismic amplifications from 1.2 to 3.9 times the amplitude of the incident wave. SV-waves can generate seismic amplifications up to 4.5 times the incident wave. Another relevant finding is that the highest amplifications are at the shore compared to the ones at the sea floor.

关键词： seismic amplifications seaquake earthquake elastic waves boundary element method near shore cities

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Genetic improvement of wheat grain quality at CIMMYT

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019年第3期6卷 265-272页

作者： Carlos guzm.n Karim AMMAR Velu GOVInDAn Ravi SInGH Global Wheat Program The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)

The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) is the global leader in publiclyfunded maize and wheat research and in farming systems based on these *** leads the Global Wheat Program(GWP), which includes some of the largest wheat breeding programs in the *** GWP has been successful in developing wheat germplasm that is used extensively *** quality improvement is a central component of all the breeding efforts at CIMMYT and the Wheat Chemistry and Quality Laboratory represents an integral part of the breeding *** quality is addressed at CIMMYT over the full range of this very wide and variable concept with milling,processing, end-use and nutritional quality *** progenitors and advanced lines developed by the breeders are assessed for diverse quality attributes, with the aim of identifying those that fulfill the requirements in terms of milling, processing, end-use and nutritional quality in different target *** research is conducted to make more efficient the integration of wheat quality traits in the breeding *** main topics being addressed are(1) methodologies to analyze grain quality traits,(2) genetic control and environmental effects on quality traits,(3) characterization of genetic resources for quality improvement, and(4) diversifying grain properties for novel uses.

关键词： biofortification breeding grain quality wheat

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Effects of Plant Extracts and Beauveria bassiana on the Activity of Defense-Related Enzymes in Solanum lycopersicum *** Interaction with Fusarium oxysporum ***

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第9期92卷 2503-2518页

作者： JoséAdrian Perez-Robles Carlos Alberto Lecona-guzm.n Víctor Manuel Ruíz-Valdiviezo Joaquín Adolfo Montes-Molina Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal Tecnológico Nacional de MexicoCampus Tuxtla GutiérrezTuxtla Gutiérrez29050Mexico

The objective to this work was to evaluate the enzymatic activity in the culture of Solanum lycopersicum *** with Fusarium oxysporum after the combined application of Beauveria bassiana and plant *** lycopersicum plantlets were transplanted 15 days after the *** days after transplanting,Beauveria bassiana spores were applied at a concentration of 1×10^(7)spores mL^(−1)onto soil(along with ***(n)and ***(H)leaf extracts)where *** plants were *** days after transplanting,spores of *** strain were applied at a concentration of 1×10^(6)spores mL^(−1)to soil where *** plants were *** development of *** plants was monitored for 114 days,whereby a randomized complete block treatment design was used,the roots of the plants were crushed with liquid nitrogen,after which UV/VIS spectrophotometry was used to determine protein concentration,as well as the activity ofβ-1,3-glucanases,peroxidases(POX,EC1.***.1.7),catalase and *** treatments combining *** and *** and *** extracts,had a significant difference in enzymatic activity levels,thus contributing to better defense mechanisms and a greater protection to *** plants in the presence of *** application of *** and plant extracts to the ground mitigated damage caused by *** on *** plants.

关键词： Glucanases chitinases peroxidases catalase defense mechanisms

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Reproductive performance of the Mesa silverside(Chirostoma jordani Woolman,1894)under natural and controlled photoperiods

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BIOCELL 2012年第3期36卷 105-111页

作者： JOSÉLUIS ARREDOnDO-FIGUEROA LAURA GEORGInA nÚÑEZ-GARCÍA PALOMA ADRIAnA HEREDIA-guzm.n JESÚS T.POnCE-PALAFOX Posta Zootécnica Departamento de ZootecniaCentro de Ciencias AgropecuariasUniversidad Autónoma de AguascalientesJesús MaríaAguascalientesMéxico Planta Experimental de Producción Acuícola Departamento de HidrobiologíaCBSUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana IztapalapaMéxicoD.F Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoEstado de MéxicoMéxico Centro de Innovación y Transferencia Tecnológica CEnITT Posgrado CBAPEscuela Nacional de Ingeniería PesqueraUniversidad Autónoma de NayaritTepicNayaritMéxico

Chirostoma jordani is a native annual species inhabiting lacustrine waters of the Central Mexico *** is widely distributed and is currently facing high environmental *** experi-ments were performed to study the reproductive performance of this *** of the experiments were conducted in 270-L indoor recirculation *** males and one female at the first stage of reproduction were included in each test.A photoperiod of 14 light hours and 10 dark hours was *** a fifth experiment,10 females and 15 males were kept in an outdoor 3,000-L recirculation tank under natural *** number of spawns,fertilised eggs and 30-day-old juveniles were counted and the survival rate was *** results indicated significant differences(Pn *** spawn numbers and greater egg production were observed under controlled photoperiod,and higher numbers of juveniles and a higher survival rate were observed under natural *** trials exhibited different patterns of egg produc-tion during the *** egg production in the natural-photoperiod trials followed a polynomial curve *** contrast,the trials under the controlled photoperiod showed an irregular pattern of increases and decreases in egg production.

关键词： breeding Atherinopsidae eggs juveniles survival rate

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Effect of airflow on biodrying of gardening wastes in reactors

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第5期25卷 865-872页

作者： F.J.Colomer-Mendoza L.Herrera-Prats F.Robles-Martínez A.Gallardo-Izquierdo A.B.Pia-guzm.n Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction (Universidad Jaume I)Jaume 1st University.Ave.Sos Baynat s/nCastellón 12071Spain Biotechnology Multidisciplinary Professional Unit (Instituto Politcnico Nacional)National Politechnic Institute.Ave.Acueduct of Guadalupe s/n Barrio la Laguna TicomnGustavo A.Madero 07340Mxico DF.Mxico

Biodrying consists of reducing moisture by using the heat from aerobic *** parameters that control the process are：aeration,temperature during the process,initial moisture of biowaste,and temperature and relative humidity of the input *** mowing and garden waste from the gardens of the University Jaume I,Castellón（Spain）were used as a *** was performed in 10 reactors with known air volumes from 0.88 to 6.42 L/（min·kg dry weight）.To promote aeration,5 of the reactors had 15% of a bulking agent *** experiment lasted 20 *** the experiments it was found that the bulking agent led to greater weight ***,the increased airflow rate was not linearly proportional to the weight loss.

关键词： biodrying biowaste stabilization aerobic fermentation bulking agent

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