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Deep learning methods for biotic and abiotic stresses detection and classification in fruits and vegetables:State of the art and perspectives

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2023年第3期9卷 46-60页

作者： Sèton Calmette Ariane Houetohossou Vinasetan Ratheil Houndji Castro Gbêmêmali Hounmenou Rachidatou Sikirou Romain lucas Glele Kakaï Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'estimations Forestières Faculty of Agronomic SciencesUniversity of Abomey-Calavi04 BP 1525CotonouBenin Institut de Formation et de Recherche en Informatique University of Abomey-Calavi01 BP 526CotonouBenin Laboratoire de Défense des Cultures Centre de Recherches Agricoles d'AgonkanmeyInstitut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin(INRAB)01 BP 884CotonouBenin

Deep Learning(DL),a type of Machine Learning,has gained significant interest in many fields,including *** paper aims to shed light on deep learning techniques used in agriculture for abiotic and biotic stress detection in fruits and vegetables,their benefits,and the challenges faced by *** papers were collected from Web of Science,Scopus,Google Scholar,Springer,and Directory of Open Access Journals(DOAJ)using combinations of specific keywords such as:’Deep Learning’OR’Artificial Intelligence’in combination with fruit disease’,vegetable disease’,‘fruit stress',OR‘vegetable stress'following PRISMA *** the initial 818 papers identified using the keywords,132 were reviewed after excluding books,reviews,and the *** recovered scientific papers were from 2003 to 2022;93%addressed biotic stress on fruits and *** most common biotic stresses on species are fungal diseases(grey spots,brown spots,black spots,downy mildew,powdery mildew,and anthracnose).Few studies were interested in abiotic stresses(nutrient deficiency,water stress,light intensity,and heavy metal contamination).Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks were the most used keywords,with GoogleNet(18.28%),ResNet50(16.67%),and VGG16(16.67%)as the most used ***-two percent of the data used to compile these models come from the fields,followed by data obtained *** problems due to unbalanced classes and the small size of some databases were also *** provided the research gaps and some perspectives from the reviewed *** research works are required for a deep understanding of the use of machine learning techniques in fruit and vegetable studies:collection of large datasets according to different scenarios on fruit and vegetable diseases,evaluation of the effect of climatic variability on the fruit and vegetable yield using AI methods and more abiotic stress studies.

关键词： Deep learning Prediction Fruits Vegetables Stress Agricultural yield

Oviposition behavior of the mirid Macrolophus pygmaeus under risk of intraguild predation and cannibalism

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 224-230页

作者： Frangois Dumont Eric lucas Oscar Alomar Departement des Sciences Biologiques Universite du Quebec a MontrealCentre VilleMontrealQCCanada Sustainable Plant Protection Programme Institute of Agri food Research and Technology(IRTA)CabrilsCataloniaSpain

Zoophytophagous mirid species,that feed and develop either on prey or plant resources,are often found simultaneously on the same ***,these species can engage in both intraguild predation and cannibalism,which can pose a threat to mirid *** females may respond to such risks of predation on their eggs by reducing the number of eggs laid or selecting safer oviposition *** tested the oviposition behavior of Macrolophus pygmaeus(Rambur)(Hemiptera:Miridae)females under the risk of cannibalism by *** males and intraguild predation by Nesidiocoris tenuis(Reuter)males(Hemiptera:Miridae)under laboratory *** predators and cannibals were introduced during or after the oviposition *** number of eggs laid(using counts of newly hatched nymphs)and their proportion on each part of a tomato plant were both *** results reveal that only cannibalism by *** males after the period of oviposition significantly decreased the number of hatched *** thus represents a greater risk to mirid eggs than intraguild *** *** female responded to the presence of potential intraguild predators(or competitors)by decreasing the nu mber of eggs laid in the upper *** results suggest that *** females avoid competition by ***,by laying fewer eggs on upper *** could regulate zoophytophagous predator populations under prey scarcity conditions and minimize the risk of crop damage associated with those biological control agents.

关键词： antipredator behavior cannibalism intraguild predation Macrolophus pygmaeus',Nesidiocoris tenuis zoophytophagy

Pan-retinal ganglion cell markers in mice, rats, and rhesus macaques

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Zoological Research 2023年第1期44卷 226-248页

作者： Francisco M.Nadal-Nicolás Caridad Galindo-Romero Fernando lucas-Ruiz Nicholas Marsh-Amstrong Wei Li Manuel Vidal-Sanz Marta Agudo-Barriuso Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla(IMIB)Murcia 30120Spain Dpto.Oftalmología Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaMurcia 30120Spain Retinal Neurophysiology Section National Eye InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland 20892-2510USA Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95817USA

Univocal identification of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) is an essential prerequisite for studying their degeneration and neuroprotection. Before the advent of phenotypic markers, RGCs were normally identified using retrograde tracing of retinorecipient areas. This is an invasive technique, and its use is precluded in higher mammals such as monkeys. In the past decade, several RGC markers have been described. Here, we reviewed and analyzed the specificity of nine markers used to identify all or most RGCs, i.e., pan-RGC markers, in rats, mice, and macaques. The best markers in the three species in terms of specificity, proportion of RGCs labeled, and indicators of viability were BRN3A, expressed by vision-forming RGCs, and RBPMS, expressed by vision-and non-vision-forming RGCs. NEUN, often used to identify RGCs, was expressed by non-RGCs in the ganglion cell layer, and therefore was not RGC-specific. γ-SYN, TUJ1, and NF-L labeled the RGC axons, which impaired the detection of their somas in the central retina but would be good for studying RGC morphology. In rats, TUJ1 and NF-L were also expressed by non-RGCs. BM88, ERRβ,and PGP9.5 are rarely used as markers, but they identified most RGCs in the rats and macaques and ERRβ in mice. However, PGP9.5 was also expressed by non-RGCs in rats and macaques and BM88 and ERRβ were not suitable markers of viability.

关键词： RGC Optic nerve crush BM88 BRN3A estrogen-related receptorβ ERRβ NEUN Neurofilament-L PGP9.5 RBPMS γ-SYN βIII-tubulin TUJ1

Computational Intelligence and Games:Challenges and Opportunities

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2008年第1期5卷 45-57页

作者： simon M.lucas Centre for Computational Intelligence Department of Computing and Electronic SystemsUniversity of EssexColchester CO4 3SQUK

The last few decades have seen a phenomenal increase in the quality, diversity and pervasiveness of computer games. The worldwide computer games market is estimated to be worth around USD 21bn annually, and is predicted to continue to grow rapidly. This paper reviews some of the recent developments in applying computational intelligence （CI） methods to games, points out some of the potential pitfalls, and suggests some fruitful directions for future research.

关键词： Games machine learning evolution temporal difference learning (TDL) neural networks n-tuple systems

What are universities for?

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第23期56卷 2506-2517页

作者： Geoffrey BOULTON Colin lucas The University of Edinburgh University of Oxford

Governments worldwide rightly regard universities as fundamental to the achievement of many national priorities. But it is the paper’s contention that many misunderstand their true benefit to society. Investments in universities are increasingly based on the belief that the science labs in particular of research-intensive universities can be the source of a continuous stream of people and ideas that will spawn innovative and fast growing companies to form the nexus of the knowledge-based economy. This belief is a source of misconceived policies that offer only ultimate disillusion. It is the totality of the university enterprise that is important, as the only place where that totality of ourselves and our world is brought together, and which makes it the strongest provider of the rational explanation and meaning that societies need. In research, universities create new possibilities; in teaching, they shape new people. Its graduates learn to seek the true meaning of things: to distinguish between the true and the merely seemingly true, to verify for themselves what is stable in that very unstable compound that often passes for knowledge. It is the complex, interacting whole of the university that is the source of the separate economic, social, cultural and utilitarian benefits valued by society. It needs to be understood, valued and managed as a whole. These perceptions are a direct challenge to not only to governments but to university administrators who have been either cowed or seduced into the slipshod thinking that is leading to demands that universities cannot satisfy, whilst obscuring their most important contributions. The challenge to both is to permit autonomy without oppressive accountability, and to give staff and students the freedom to think, speculate and research. These are the very conditions of the personal and collective creativity that are the sources of a university’s deepest benefits to its society.

关键词：研究型大学社会需要经济关系工作人员社会根源不稳定管理员实验室

Chaplygin gas of Tachyon Nature Imposed by Noether Symmetry and constrained via H(z)data

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第4期16卷 113-120页

作者： lucas Gardai Collodel Gilberto Medeiros Kremer Departamento de Ffsica Universidade Federal do Parana81531-980 CuritibaBrazil

An action of general form is proposed for a Universe containing matter, radiation and dark energy. The latter is interpreted as a tachyon field non-minimally coupled to the scalar curvature. The Palatini approach is used when varying the action so the connection is given by a more generic form. Both the self-interaction potential and the non-minimally coupling function are obtained by constraining the system to present invariability under global point transformation of the fields （Noether Symmetry）. The only possible solution is shown to be that of minimal coupling and constant potential （Chaplygin gas）. The behavior of the dynamical properties of the system is compared to recent observational data, which infers that the tachyon field must indeed be dynamical.

关键词： cosmology: cosmological parameters -- cosmology: theory -- cosmology: observations --dark energy

Rhyacian-Orosirian tectonic history of the Juiz de Fora Complex:Evidence for an Archean crustal reservoir within an island-arc system

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第5期13卷 350-369页

作者： Rasec Almeida Vitalino Elizeu Henrique Bruno Samuel Moreira Bersan lucas Eduardo de Abreu Barbosa Araujo Ivo Dussin Claudio de Morisson Valeriano Carla Neto Monica Heilbron Universidade do estado do Rio de Janeiro Faculdade de GeologiaTektos–Grupo de Pesquisa em GeotectônicaRua São Francisco Xavier 524MaracanãRio de JaneiroBrazil Laboratório de Geocronologia e Isótopos Radiogênicos Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRua São Francisco Xavier 524MaracanãRio de JaneiroBrazil

The southern São Francisco Paleocontinent(SFP)comprises Archean nuclei and Paleoproterozoic complexes encompassing magmatic arcs juxtaposed during a Rhyacian to Orosirian orogenic *** Juiz de Fora Complex(JFC)represents an imbricated thrust system that comprises orthogranulites with a wide compositional range formed in an intra-oceanic setting during the Siderian to the Orosirian and later accreted to the southeastern margin of the *** we report new petrological,geochemical,whole-rock Nd and Sr data,as well as zircon U–Pb ages from felsic and mafic orthogranulites from the *** new data is combined with a regional compilation that enables an evaluation of the interaction between magmatism and orogenetic episodes in the context of the consolidation of São Francisco Paleocontinent during the Rhyacian–*** collisional Island Arc tholeiites(IAT),Tonalites-Tron dhjemites-Granodiorites(TTGs)and sanukitoid magmatism occurred from 2200 Ma to 2085 *** was followed by post-collisional magmatism,which is represented by hybrid granitoids coeval with the emplacement of E-MORB basic *** signatures for the Rhyacian to Orosirian evolution are highlighted by the dominance of negativeεNd(t)associated with Meso-to Neoarchean Nd TDMmodel ages as well as inherited zircon grains from the hybrid *** JFC is extensively highlighted in the literature as a primitive intra-oceanic arc,but here we propose the reworking or recycling of ancient crustal segments within the mature arc stage of the JFC,suggesting a Mesoarchean crustal source involved in the JFC evolution.

关键词： Juiz de Fora complex Paleoproterozoic magmatic arc TTG and sanukitoid São Francisco Paleocontinent

Retroperitoneal kidney transplantation with liver and native kidney mobilization:a safe technique for pediatric recipients

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第5期19卷 489-501页

作者： Juliano Riella Raphealla Ferreira Marina M.Tabbara Phillipe Abreu lucas Ernani Marissa Defreitas Jayanthi Chandar Jeffrey J.Gaynor Javier González Gaetano Ciancio Department of Surgery University of Miami Miller School of MedicineJackson Memorial HospitalMiamiFLUSA Department of Urology University of Miami Miller School of MedicineJackson Memorial HospitalMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Division of NephrologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineJackson Memorial HospitalMiamiFLUSA Miami Transplant Institute University of Miami Miller School of MedicineJackson Memorial Hospital1801 NW 9Th Ave7Th FloorMiamiFL 33136USA Servicio de Urología Unidad de Trasplante RenalHospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain

Background Pediatric kidney transplant(KT)using larger,deceased or living donor adult kidneys can be challenging in the pediatric population due to limited space in the *** and native kidney(L/NK)mobilization techniques can be used in smaller and younger transplant recipients to aid in retroperitoneal placement of the renal ***,we compare the clinical outcomes of pediatric retroperitoneal KT with and without L/NK *** We retrospectively analyzed pediatric renal transplant recipients treated between January 2015 and May *** and recipient demographics,intraoperative data,and recipient outcomes were *** were divided into two groups according to the surgical technique utilized:with L/NK mobilization(Group 1)and without L/NK mobilization(Group 2).Baseline variables were described using frequency distributions for categorical variables and means and standard errors for continuous *** of association with the likelihood of using L/NK mobilization were performed using standardχ2 tests,t tests,and the log-rank *** Forty-six pediatric recipients were evaluated and categorized into Group 1(n=26)and Group 2(n=20).Recipients in Group 1 were younger(6.7±0.8 years vs.15.3±0.7,Pess(21.4±2.0 vs.48.6±3.4 kg,Pes of delayed graft function or graft primary *** median follow-up of the study was 24.6 months *** patients developed death-censored graft failure(both in Group 2,P=0.22),and there was one death with a functioning graft(in Group 2,P=0.21).Conclusions Retroperitoneal liver/kidney mobilization is a feasible an

关键词： Extraperitoneal approach Liver and kidney mobilization Pediatric kidney surgical technique Transplantation

Plant Vascular Biology and Agriculture

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第1期52卷 4-7页

作者： William J. lucas The Editor of this Special Issue Dept. of Plant Biology College of Biological Sciences University of California Davis

The evolution of animal and plant vascular systems played a pivotal role in the advancement from simple to complex organisms, through the provision of a delivery system for the distribution of components essential for both metabolism and growth. Interestingly, although these two vascular systems conform to the same general rules of fluid dynamics （Murray 1926; McCulloh et al. 2003）, the developmental mechanisms adopted by plants and animals, to generate these long-distance transport systems,

关键词： Plant Vascular Biology and Agriculture