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Enhanced Photoprotection by Protein-Bound vs Free Xanthophyll Pools： A Comparative Analysis of Chlorophyll b and Xanthophyll Biosynthesis Mutants

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Molecular Plant 2010年第3期3卷 576-593页

作者： luca Dall'Osto Stefano Cazzaniga Michel Havaux Roberto Bassi Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Universita di Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy CEA IBEB SBVME Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moldculaire des Plantes 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance France CNRS UMR Biologie Vegetale et Microbiologie Environnementales 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance France Universite Aix-Marseille 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance France

When light absorbed by plants exceeds the capacity of photosynthesis, the xanthophyll violaxanthin is reversibly de-epoxidized to zeaxanthin in the so-called xanthophyll cycle. Zeaxanthin plays a key role in the protection of photosynthetic organisms against excess light, by promoting rapidly reversible （qE） and long-term （ql） quenching of excited chlorophylls, and preventing lipid oxidation. The photoprotective role of zeaxanthin, either free or bound to light-harvesting complexes （Lhcs）, has been investigated by using mutants lacking Chl b （chl） and/or specific xanthophyll species （npq, lut2）. The chl mutation causes （1） the absence of Lhcb proteins; （2） strong reduction of the feedback deexcitation （qE）; and （3） accumulation of xanthophylls as free pigments into thylakoids. Chl mutants showed extreme sensitivity to photo-oxidative stress in high light, due to higher singlet oxygen （102） release. The double mutant chlnpql was more sensitive to photo-oxidation than chl, showing that zeaxanthin does protect lipids even when free in the membrane. Nevertheless, lack of zeaxanthin had a much stronger impact on the level of lipid peroxidation in Lhcs-containing plants （WTvs npql） with respect to Lhc-less plants （chl vs chlnpql）, implying that its protective effect is enhanced by interaction with antenna proteins. It is proposed that the antioxidant capacity of zeaxanthin is empowered in the presence of PSII- LHCs-Zea complexes, while its effect on enhancement of qE only provides a minor contribution. Comparison of the sensitivity of WT vs npql plants to exogenous 102 suggests that besides the scavenging of 102, at least one additional mechanism is involved in chloroplast photoprotection.

关键词： Zeaxanthin singlet oxygen photoprotection chloroplast light-harvesting complexes.

Prevalence of overweightedness in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第34期13卷 4602-4605页

作者： luca Piretta Federico Alghisi Fiorella Anzini Enrico Corazziari Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Gastroenterologia A Università di Roma "La Sapienza" Viale del Policlinico 155-00161 Roma Italy

AIM: To evaluate whether the prevalence of overweight and obese conditions is increased in gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients (with 24-h pathological pH recordings) in comparison to general population. METHODS: A total of 196 consecutive patients (103 females, age range 18-83 years) with symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) and 24-h pathological esophageal pH-metry. Body mass index (BMI) of the patients was calculated and its distribution (%) was compared with that of the Italian general population as assessed by National Bureau of Census (ISTAT). To evaluate the association of GERD with weight categories, the binomial test was employed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: In males, overweightedness (BMI 25-25.9) was present in 43% of GERD patients vs 41.8% of Italian population (IP) (ns), obesity (BMI ≥ 30) in 10.9% vs 9.1% (ns). In females overweight was present in 34.9% of GERD patients vs 25.7% of IP (P < 0.01), obesity in 13.6% of GERD patients vs 9.1% of IP (P < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were noted in different age classes. CONCLUSION: In comparison to the Italian general population, the prevalence of overweightedness and obesity is increased in female but not in male patients with ascertained gastro-esophageal reflux disease.

关键词： Gastro-esophageal reflux Obesity Overweight 24-h pH-metry Body mass index

indocyanine green-based fluorescence imaging in visceral and hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery:State of the art and future directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第27期24卷 2921-2930页

作者： Gian luca Baiocchi Michele Diana Luigi Boni Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of BresciaBrescia 25125Italy IHU-Strasbourg Institute of Image-Guided SurgeryStrasbourg 67000France General and Emergency Surgery IRCCS-Ca’Granda-Policlinico HospitalMilan 20122Italy

In recent years, the use of fluorescence-guided surgery(FGS) to treat benign and malignant visceral, hepatobiliary and pancreatic neoplasms has significantly increased. FGS relies on the fluorescence signal emitted by injected substances(fluorophores) after being illuminated by ad hoc laser sources to help guide the surgical procedure and provide the surgeon with real-time visualization of the fluorescent structures of interest that would be otherwise invisible. This review surveys and discusses the most common and emerging clinical applications of indocyanine green(ICG)-based fluorescence in visceral, hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. The analysis, findings, and discussion presented here rely on the authors' significant experience with this technique in their medical institutions, an up-to-date review of the most relevant articles published on this topic between 2014 and 2018, and lengthy discussions with key opinion leaders in the field during recent conferences and congresses. For each application, the benefits and limitations of this technique, as well as applicable future directions, are described. The imaging of fluorescence emitted by ICG is a simple, fast,relatively inexpensive, and harmless tool with numerous different applications in surgery for both neoplasms and benign pathologies of the visceral and hepatobiliary systems. The ever-increasing availability of visual systems that can utilize this tool will transform some of these applications into the standard of care in the near future. Further studies are needed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each application of ICG-based fluorescence imaging in abdominal surgery.

关键词： indocyanine green fluorescence imaging gastrointestinal surgery liver surgery biliary surgery pancreatic surgery visceral perfusion biliary anatomy peritoneal carcinomatosis

Wolf predation on wild ungulates:how slope and habitat cover influence the localization of kill sites

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Current Zoology 2018年第3期64卷 271-275页

作者： Elisa TORRETTA luca CAVIGLIA Matteo SERAFINI Alberto MERIGGI Di.S.T.A. Universita degli Studi di PaviaVia Ferrata 1Pavia 27100Italy

Based on data collected along the Ligurian Apennines and Alps(N-W Italy),we analysed the main environmental and human-related factors influencing the distribution of kill sites of the wolf Canis *** mapped and digitized 62 kill sites collected during *** each kill site,we defined a buffer corresponding to the potential hunting area of *** compared kill site plots and an equal number of random *** formulated a model of kill site distribution following an approach presence versus availability by binary logistic regression analysis;we tested the hypothesis that wolf choice of kill sites is influenced by the physiography and the land use of the *** the preyed wild ungulates,we identified 23 roe deer Capreolus capreolus,18 fallow deer Dama dama,16 wild boars Sus scrofa,and 5 chamois Rupicapra *** logistic regression analysis showed a negative effect of the road density,the urban areas,the mixed forests,and a positive effect of steep slopes and open *** are more vulnerable to predators under certain conditions and predators are capable of selecting for these *** achieved this by selecting particular habitats in which to kill their prey:they preferred steep,open habitats far from human presence,where wild ungulates are more easily detectable and chasable.

关键词： Canis lupus hunting habits kill site distribution modeling predator-prey interaction wild ungulates.

Toward a definition of colonic inertia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第17期10卷 2465-2467页

作者： Gabrio Bassotti Giuseppede Roberto luca Sediari Antonio Morelli Gastroenterology and Hepatology section Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Perugia Medical SchoolPerugia 06131Italy

Chronic constipation is a relatively frequent symptom; among its subtypes, the so called-colonic inertia represents a disease condition that is often considered for surgery. However, to date, there has been no agreement on definition of colonic inertia, and a literature review showed that this definition was given to numerous entities that differ from each *** this paper these concepts are reviewed and a more stringent definition of colonic inertia is proposed.

关键词： Gastrointestinal Motility Chronic Disease Constipation Humans

Nest box selection and reproduction of European Rollers in Central Italy: a 7-year study

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Avian Research 2019年第2期10卷 126-137页

作者： Flavio Monti luca Nelli Carlo Catoni Giacomo Dell’Omo Ornis Italica Piazza Crati 1500199 RomeItaly Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of GlasgowGlasgow G12 8QQUK Department of Physical Sciences Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of SienaStrada Laterina853100 SienaItaly

Background: Changes and increased mechanisation of agricultural practices have influenced the biodiversity composition of farmland habitats and caused a decline of bird communities in many European countries. The removal of shrubs and large trees rich in natural cavities, has also led to a drastic decrease in nest site availability for cavity-nesting bird species. Nest-boxes are a common conservation tool used to improve nest-site availability, and have helped to reverse declines in many endangered bird populations. Nonetheless to maximize the results of such interventions it is crucial to know where nest-boxes should be sited. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the nest-box program for the European Roller (Coracias garrulus) population of Lazio region (Central Italy). More specifically, we focused on what landscape features were preferred (or avoided) in the process of nest box selection and how they influenced population’s breeding parameters. Particular attention was paid to identifying potential limitations and to provide management recommendations for future interventions. Methods: Using data from 70 nest boxes sited on power lines monitored over a 7-year period (representing 140 breeding attempts), we developed probability functions to evaluate if nest box location, in terms of distance from habitat resources and habitat composition and structure, had an effect on nest box occupancy and on the main reproductive parameters. Results: Nest boxes were more likely to be occupied if they were located near arable fields and in areas characterized by a higher amount of incoming solar radiation. Higher fledging success was associated with fallow fields and with a moderate/low habitat structural complexity. Higher breeding success was associated with solar radiation and with greater distance from urban areas. Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of specific habitat variables in influencing nest occupancy, and show which driv

关键词： Breeding parameters Coracias garrulus Farmland birds Habitat selection Nest-boxes Power lines

Liver toxicity of rosuvastatin therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第8期13卷 1286-1288页

作者： Giuseppe Famularo luca Miele Giovanni Minisola Antonio Grieco Internal Medicine San Camillo Hospital RomeItaly Internal Medicine Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore Rome Italy

We report here a case of clinically significant liver toxicity after a brief course of rosuvastatin, which is the first statin approved by the regulatory authorities since the withdrawal of cerivastatin. Whether rosuvastatin has a greater potential compared with other statins to damage the liver is unclear and the involved mechanisms are also unknown. However, rosuvastatin is taken up by hepatocytes more selectively and more efficiently than other statins, and this may reasonably represent an important variable to explain the hepatotoxic potential of rosuvastatin. Our report supports the view that a clinically significant risk of liver toxicity should be considered even when rosuvastatin is given at the range of doses used in common clinical practice.

关键词： Rosuvastatin Liver Toxicity Hepatitis Statins

Leptin in immuno-rheumatological diseases

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 203-212页

作者： Marta Vadacca Domenico PE Margiotta luca Navarini Antonella Afeltra Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Medicine University Campus Bio-MedicoRomeItaly

Leptin is one of the most important hormones secreted by adipocytes,with a variety of physiological roles related to the control of metabolism and energy *** its discovery in 1994,leptin has attracted increasing interest in the scientific community for its pleiotropic *** of these functions is the relationship between nutritional status and immune *** structurally resembles proinflammatory cytokines,such as IL-6 and *** cytokine-like structural characteristic of leptin is implicative of its function in regulating immune *** role of leptin in regulating immune responses has been assessed in vitro as well as in clinical *** has been shown that disease conditions of reduced leptin production are associated with increased infection ***,immune-mediated disorders,such as autoimmune diseases,are associated with the increased secretion of leptin and the production of proinflammatory pathogenic *** this paper,we review the most recent advances of the role of leptin in immune-rheumatological diseases,and we discuss whether strategies aimed at modifying leptin levels could represent innovative and therapeutic tools for autoimmune disorders.

关键词： adipokines autoimmune diseases leptin rheumatic diseases

The NOMAD Artificial-Intelligence Toolkit:turning materials-science data into knowledge and understanding

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2385-2391页

作者： Luigi Sbailò Ádám Fekete luca M.Ghiringhelli Matthias Scheffler Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin BerlinGermany The NOMAD Laboratory at the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft and IRIS Adlershof of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin BerlinGermany

We present the Novel-Materials-Discovery(NOMAD)Artificial-Intelligence(AI)Toolkit,a web-browser-based infrastructure for the interactive AI-based analysis of materials-science findable,accessible,interoperable,and reusable(FAIR)*** AI Toolkit readily operates on the FAIR data stored in the central server of the NOMAD Archive,the largest database of materials-science data worldwide,as well as locally stored,users’owned *** NOMAD Oasis,a local,stand-alone server can be also used to run the AI *** using Jupyter notebooks that run in a web-browser,the NOMAD data can be queried and accessed;data mining,machine learning,and other AI techniques can be then applied to analyze *** infrastructure brings the concept of reproducibility in materials science to the next level,by allowing researchers to share not only the data contributing to their scientific publications,but also all the developed methods and analytics *** reproducing published results,users of the NOMAD AI toolkit can modify the Jupyter notebooks toward their own research work.

关键词： Toolkit browser server