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Gut microbiome beats two to zero host genome

Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第4期8卷 378-380页

作者： Giovanni Cammarota lorenza putignani Antonio Gasbarrini Department of Gastroenterology Catholic UniversitySchool of Medicine and SurgeryA.Gemelli HospitalRomeItaly Parasitology and Human Microbiome Units “Bambino Gesu”Children’s HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly Digestive Disease Center Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCSUniversitàCattolica del Scaro CuoreRomaItaly

The gut microbiota and its genomic scaffold, exceeding the human one nearly 500 times, substantially affect human health and diseases. Host-microbe interactions, exerted through microbial biochemical and immunological activities, contain pathogen burden, control neurological and endocrine signalling, enterocyte wellness, energy biosynthesis, gut dysbiosis, complement gaps of host metabolic pathways, finally contributing to human physiology and disease within the gastrointestinal district and through gut-liver and gut-brain axis (1). Regardless substantial advances in correlating microbiota modulation and perturbation with various influencers, the specific impact of internal and external stimuli need to be definitely assigned though causality relationships beyond correlative measures. Host origin or genetic background, age, sanitation, delivery mode, breast-feeding and weaning, infections, diet, drugs, but also exercise, sleep, stress have been reviewed in a wide range of recent literature (2). All external (i.e., food, pathogens) and internal (i.e., microbiota) host modulating factors, both, can be conceptually synthetized by the term "exposome" which we are exposed to in the lifetime and which drives both individual enterophenotypes and disease phenotypes (3). Integrative descriptive and functional charts of microbiota allow the description of the microbiota-host Holobionts system, relationship that can be employed in understanding personalized physiology and nutrition, thus providing patient-tailored therapies (Figure 1). To investigate microbiota unbalance and passage from healthy to disease or unhealthy status, individual baseline compositions and variations within an individual's own range are required.

关键词： Figure exceeding passage

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Gastrointestinal neuromuscular apparatus: An underestimated target of gut microbiota

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第45期22卷 9871-9879页

作者： Michele Pier Luca Guarino Michele Cicala lorenza putignani Carola Severi Digestive Disease Unit of Campus Bio Medico University of Rome 00128 Rome Italy Unit of Parasitology Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS 00100 Rome Italy Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties University Sapienza 00100 Rome Italy

Over the last few years, the importance of the resident intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases has been largely investigated. Growing evidence suggest that microbiota can influence gastrointestinal motility. The current working hypothesis is that dysbiosis-driven mucosal alterations induce the production of several inflammatory/immune mediators which affect gut neuro-muscular functions. Besides these indirect mucosal-mediated effects, the present review highlights that recent evidence suggests that microbiota can directly affect enteric nerves and smooth muscle cells functions through its metabolic products or bacterial molecular components translocated from the intestinal lumen. Tolllike receptors, the bacterial recognition receptors, are expressed both on enteric nerves and smooth muscle and are emerging as potential mediators between microbiota and the enteric neuromuscular apparatus. Furthermore, the ongoing studies on probiotics support the hypothesis that the neuromuscular apparatus may represent a target of intervention, thus opening new physiopathological and therapeutic scenarios.

关键词： Microbiota 胃肠的活动性光滑的肌肉伤寒神经系统 Probiotics 急躁的肠症候群

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Anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy associates to type 17 helper T lymphocytes immunological shift and significant microbial changes in dextran sodium sulphate colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第12期25卷 1465-1477页

作者： Valentina Petito Cristina Graziani Loris R Lopetuso Marco Fossati Alessandra Battaglia Vincenzo Arena Domenico Scannone Gianluca Quaranta Andrea Quagliariello Federica Del Chierico lorenza putignani Luca Masucci Maurizio Sanguinetti Alessandro Sgambato Antonio Gasbarrini Franco Scaldaferri Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia Area di Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS Dipartimento delle Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore U.O.S.A. Gineco-Patologia e Patologia Mammaria Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS Istituto di Anatomia Patologica Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Dipartimento di Anatomia Patologica e Istologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS Dipartimento di Microbiologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS Istituto di Microbiologia Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Unità di Microbioma Umano Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS Unità di Parassitologia Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS Istituto di Patologia Generale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore

BACKGROUND Anti-tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα) represents the best therapeutic option to induce mucosal healing and clinical remission in patients with moderate-severe ulcerative colitis. On the other side gut microbiota plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis but few information exists on how microbiota changes following anti-TNFα therapy and on microbiota role in mucosal healing.AIM To elucidate whether gut microbiota and immune system changes appear following anti TNFα therapy during dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) colitis.METHODS Eighty C57 BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: "No DSS", "No DSS + antiTNFα", "DSS" and "DSS + anti-TNFα". "DSS" and "DSS + anti-TNFα" were treated for 5 d with 3% DSS. At day 3, mice whithin "No DSS+anti-TNFα" and"DSS+anti-TNFα" group received 5 mg/kg of an anti-TNFα agent. Forty mice were sacrificed at day 5, forty at day 12, after one week of recovery post DSS. The severity of colitis was assessed by a clinical score(Disease Activity Index), colon length and histology. Bacteria such as Bacteroides, Clostridiaceae, Enterococcaceae and Fecalibacterium prausnitzii(F. prausnitzii) were evaluated by quantitative PCR.Type 1 helper T lymphocytes(Th1), type 17 helper T lymphocytes(Th17) and CD4+ regulatory T lymphocytes(Treg) distributions in the mesenteric lymph node(MLN) were studied by flow cytometry.RESULTS Bacteria associated with a healthy state(i.e., such as Bacteroides, Clostridiaceae and F. prausnitzii) decreased during colitis and increased in course of anti-TNFαtreatment. Conversely, microorganisms belonging to Enterococcaceae genera,which are linked to inflammatory processes, showed an opposite trend.Furthermore, in colitic mice treated with anti-TNFα microbial changes were associated with an initial increase(day 5 of the colitis) in Treg cells and a consequent decrease(day 12 post DSS) in Th1 and Th17 frequency cells. Healthy mice treated with anti-TNFα showed the same histological, microbial and immune features of untreated colitic mice. "No DSS + anti-TNF

关键词： Gut microbiota Dextran sodium sulphate colitis Immune system T cells Mesenchymal lymphnode Tumor necrosis factor α

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Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI in Primary Cervical Cancer

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Open Journal of Radiology 2012年第1期2卷 14-21页

作者： Giuliano Rigon Cristina Vallone Andrea Starita Marco Flavio Michele Vismara Pasquale Ialongo lorenza putignani Fabrizio Signore Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital Rome Italy Microbiology Unit Children’s Hospital and Research Institute “Bambino Gesù” Rome Italy

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies obtained during the initial staging of patients affected by uterine cervical cancer were compared to the final histological report after surgery. Methods: Data were retrieved from published papers. Results: MRI detection of lymph node metastases shows a sensitivity of 49.3% (1209 patients) and a specificity of 87.7% (1182 patients). Parametrial involvement detection has 66.2% sensitivity (1288 patients) and 83.6% specificity (1282 patients). MRI tumor size evaluation shows significant error. Even detection of over 1 cm diameter primary tumor can fail. MRI appears promising in the detection of myometrial and endometrial involvement. Conclusions: Primary uterine cervical cancer evaluation with routine MRI has a limited accuracy especially in the detection of lymph node involvement and parametrial invasion. It is not sensitive enough to replace histology of dissected nodes and parametria. Tumor size estimation is imprecise. Detection of myometrial and endometrial invasion using MRI might be possible. Awareness of MRI limitations is crucial in primary cervical cancer staging.

关键词： Cervical Cancer MRI Parametrial Lymph node Involvement

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