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Numerical investigation of alleviation of undesirable effect of inter-blade vortex with air admission for a low-head Francis turbine

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2020年第6期32卷 1151-1164页

作者： long-gang sun Peng-cheng Guo Luo-chang Wu State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an710048China

In order to compensate for the stochastic nature of the power grid due to the tremendous development and the integration of renewable energy resources and meet its other requirements,the hydraulic turbines are forced to operate more frequently under partial load conditions with singular and misaligned flows inevitably excited by the inter-blade *** paper presents numerical investigations of the unsteady characteristics of the inter-blade vortex for a low-head model Francis *** SST k-ωturbulent model is used to close the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)*** flow structure of the inter blade vortex predicted by the numerical simulation is confirmed by experimental *** is shown that the total vortex volume in the runner sees a quasi-periodical oscillation,with significant flow separations created on the suction side of the runner blade.A counter measure by using the air admission into the water from the head cover is implemented to alleviate the undesirable effect of the inter-blade *** analyses show that the development of the inter-blade vortex is significantly mitigated by the injecting air that controls and changes the spatial distribution of ***,the flow aeration with a suitable air flow rate can reduce the energy dissipation caused by the inter-blade vortex and plays a critical role in preventing the excessive amplitudes of the pressure fluctuation on the suction side of the runner *** investigation provides an insight into the flow mechanism underlying the inter-blade vortex and offers a reference to alleviate and mitigate the adverse consequences of the inter-blade vortex for the Francis turbine.

关键词： Numerical simulation inter-blade vortex air admission energy dissipation pressure fluctuation Francis turbine

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Construction of Ni single-atom coordinated with doped N and S elements for mild hydrogenation of methyl acrylate to methyl propionate

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Nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 217-224页

作者： Taolue sun Chen Jian gang Wang Hui Zhao Guoliang Zhang Zengxi Li Chunshan Li State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringBeijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean ProcessInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Huizhou Institute of Green Energy and Advanced Materials Huizhou 516081China Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Huizhou 516081China

Although the nickel-based catalyst is able toexhibit comparative catalytic activity to noble metal formethyl acrylate hydrogenation,it requires strict reactioncondition,which can be improved by regulation ofcoordination *** this study,we constructed akind of Ni single-atom coordinated with N and S(Ni-NSC)through the pyrolysis of organic Ni-based precursors at600℃.The existence and fine structure of Ni single-atom were confirmed by the spherical electron microscopicobservation in combination with the X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS)*** addition,the catalytichydrogenation assessment suggested that the as-prepared Ni-NSC catalyst exhibited higher activity and stability than theNi/NSC supported catalyst prepared by incipient wetness impregnation *** remarkable catalytic activity was dueto the high dispersion and density of Ni single-atom and weak adsorption energy of intermediates on these Ni sites.

关键词： methyl acrylate mild hydrogenation Ni single-atom coordination environment adsorption energy

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An Unprecedented Efficiency with Approaching 21%Enabled by Additive‑Assisted Layer‑by‑Layer Processing in Organic Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 372-375页

作者： Shuai Xu Youdi Zhang Yanna sun Pei Cheng Zhaoyang Yao Ning Li long Ye Lijian Zuo Ke Gao Key Laboratory of Advanced Green Functional Materials College of ChemistryChangchun Normal UniversityChangchun 130032People’s Republic of China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityQingdao 266237People’s Republic of China College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‑Organic Chemistry Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer MaterialsRenewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(RECAST)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071People’s Republic of China Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640People’s Republic of China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer *** optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture *** approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.

关键词： Organic solar cells Additive-assisted layer-by-layer processing Three-dimensional fibril morphology Bulk p-i-n structure Optical management

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大兴安岭森林可燃物燃烧危险性评估

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东北林业大学学报 2025年第1期53卷 73-78页

作者：蔡志勇孙龙孙家宝东北林业大学哈尔滨150040 黑龙江省森林保护研究所

评估森林可燃物燃烧危险性,有助于客观认识森林火灾风险水平,从而制定相应防火和灭火措施,为开展森林火灾防治和应急管理工作提供决策依据。以黑龙江省大兴安岭林区为研究区,利用“森林火灾风险普查”3 300块标准样地调查数据,通过森林... 详细信息

评估森林可燃物燃烧危险性,有助于客观认识森林火灾风险水平,从而制定相应防火和灭火措施,为开展森林火灾防治和应急管理工作提供决策依据。以黑龙江省大兴安岭林区为研究区,利用“森林火灾风险普查”3 300块标准样地调查数据,通过森林可燃物燃烧试验,对潜在初始火强度、灌木层连续性和易燃树种密度等指标进行等级划分,量化森林可燃物的燃烧性和空间分布的连续性,判断潜在林火强度大小和易发林火种类,评估森林可燃物燃烧危险性等级。结果表明:(1)黑龙江省大兴安岭林区森林可燃物燃烧危险性等级分为4个等级,即高危险性等级、中高危险性等级、中低危险性等级、低危险性等级;(2)大兴安岭林区从北纬50°~53°30′,从低纬度到高纬度标准地森林火灾高危险性等级比例依次为0.02、0.02、0.02、0.05、0.07、0.10、0.08,低危险性等级比例依次为0.50、0.48、0.41、0.36、0.34、0.30、0.29。

关键词：森林火灾风险评估林火强度林火蔓延速度林火种类

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Pre-impact trajectory planning for minimizing base attitude disturbance in space manipulator systems for a capture task

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2015年第4期28卷 1199-1208页

作者： Zhang long Jia Qingxuan Chen gang sun Hanxu School of Automation Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Aimed at capture task for a free-floating space manipulator, a scheme of pre-impact trajectory planning for minimizing base attitude disturbance caused by impact is proposed in this ***, base attitude disturbance is established as a function of joint angles, collision direction and relative velocity between robotic hand and the ***, on the premise of keeping correct capture pose, a novel optimization factor in null space is designed to minimize base attitude disturbance and ensure that the joint angles do not exceed their limits *** reaching the balance state, a desired configuration is achieved at the contact ***, particle swarm optimization（PSO） algorithm is employed to solve the pre-impact trajectory planning from its initial configuration to the desired configuration to achieve the minimized base attitude disturbance caused by impact and the correct capture pose ***, the proposed method is applied to a 7-dof free-floating space manipulator and the simulation results verify the effectiveness.

关键词： Capture task Minimum disturbance Null space Space manipulator Trajectory planning

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Impact of ocean data assimilation on the seasonal forecast of the 2014/15 marine heatwave in the Northeast Pacific Ocean

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 24-31页

作者： Tiantian Tang Jiaying He Huihang sun Jingjia Luo Institute for Climate and Application Research(ICAR)/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingChina

A remarkable marine heatwave,known as the“Blob”,occurred in the Northeast Pacific Ocean from late 2013 to early 2016,which displayed strong warm anomalies extending from the surface to a depth of 300 *** study employed two assimilation schemes based on the global Climate Forecast System of Nanjing University of Information Science(NUIST-CFS 1.0)to investigate the impact of ocean data assimilation on the seasonal prediction of this extreme marine *** sea surface temperature(SST)nudging scheme assimilates SST only,while the deterministic ensemble Kalman filter(EnKF)scheme assimilates observations from the surface to the deep *** latter notably improves the forecasting skill for subsurface temperature anomalies,especially at the depth of 100-300 m(the lower layer),outperforming the SST nudging *** excels in predicting both horizontal and vertical heat transport in the lower layer,contributing to improved forecasts of the lower-layer warming during the *** improvements stem from the assimilation of subsurface observational data,which are important in predicting the upper-ocean *** results suggest that assimilating ocean data with the EnKF scheme significantly enhances the accuracy in predicting subsurface temperature anomalies during the Blob and offers better understanding of its underlying mechanisms.

关键词： Seasonal forecast Ocean data assimilation Marine heatwave Subsurface temperature

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In situ polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)protective layer towards stable zinc anode

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Nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 382-394页

作者： Debin Luo Peng Zhou Xiaowei Lv Panpan sun Xiaohua sun Hewei Zhao College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion MaterialsChina Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory Yichang 443007China School of Chemistry Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Aqueous zinc-ion devices are considered promising candidates for energy storage due to their high safety,low cost and relatively high energy ***,the dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and corrosion of the zinc anode significantly limit the development of Zn-ion ***,an inexpensive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)protective layer was constructed in situ on the Zn surface using electropolymerization to suppress dendrite growth and side reactions,thereby enhancing the reversibility of *** and theoretical calculations revealed that this hydrophilic protective layer promotes the desolvation process of hydrated Zn^(2+)and facilitates the transport of zinc ions,thus improving the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Zn^(2+)deposition and inhibiting interfacial side ***,the optimized PEDOT@Zn symmetric battery exhibited a cycling stability exceeding 1250 h at 0.5 mA·cm^(-2)and 0.25 mAh·cm^(-2),with a significantly reduced overpotential(from 91.8 to 35 mV).With the assistance of the PEDOT protective layer,the PEDOT@Zn//Cu battery maintained approximately 99.5%Coulombic efficiency after 450 ***-situ scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and in situ optical microscopy characterizations further confirmed that the PEDOT protective layer can effectively suppress the growth of zinc ***,the Zn-ion capacitors assembled by the PEDOT@Zn and activated carbon also demonstrated outstanding cycling stability.

关键词： zinc-ion devices zinc anode poly(3 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT) dendrite desolvation process

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Itch perception is reflected by neuronal ignition in the primary somatosensory cortex

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National Science Review 2022年第6期9卷 90-99页

作者： Xiao-Jun Chen Yan-He Liu Ning-long Xu Yan-gang sun Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology

Multiple cortical areas including the primary somatosensory cortex(S1) are activated during itch signal processing, yet cortical representation of itch perception remains unknown. Using novel miniature two-photon microscopic imaging in free-moving mice, we investigated the coding of itch perception in *** found that pharmacological inactivation of S1 abolished itch-induced scratching behavior, and the itch-induced scratching behavior could be well predicted by the activity of a fraction of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons, suggesting that a subpopulation of S1 pyramidal neurons encoded itch perception, as indicated by immediate subsequent scratching behaviors. With a newly established optogenetics-based paradigm that allows precisely controlled pruritic stimulation, we found that a small fraction of S1 neurons exhibited an ignition-like pattern at the detection threshold of itch perception. Our study revealed the neural mechanism underlying itch perceptual coding in S1, thus paving the way for the study of cortical representation of itch perception at the single-neuron level in freely moving animals.

关键词： itch perception primary somatosensory cortex miniature two-photon microscopic imaging

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Boosting bidirectional sulfur conversion enabled by introducing boron-doped atoms and phosphorus vacancies in Ni2P for lithium-sulfur batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 760-769页

作者： Lin Peng Yu Bai Hang Li Meixiu Qu Zhenhua Wang Kening sun Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology

Lithium-sulfur （Li-S） batteries have gained great attention due to the high theoretical energy density and low cost,yet their further commercialization has been obstructed by the notorious shuttle effect and sluggish redox ***,we supply a strategy to optimize the electron structure of Ni2P by concurrently introducing B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni2P （Vp-B-Ni2P）,thereby enhancing the bidirectional sulfur *** study indicates that the simultaneous introduction of B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni2P causes the redistribution of electron around Ni atoms,bringing about the upward shift of d-band center of Ni atoms and effective d-p orbital hybridization between Ni atoms and sulfur species,thus strengthening the chemical anchoring for lithium polysulfides （LiPSs） as well as expediting the bidirectional conversion kinetics of sulfur ***,theoretical calculations reveal that the incorporation of B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni2P selectively promotes Li2S dissolution and nucleation ***,the Li-S batteries with Vp-B-Ni2P-separators present outstanding rate ability of 777 m A h g-1at 5 C and high areal capacity of 8.03 mA h cm-2under E/S of 5μL mg-1and sulfur loading of 7.20 mg *** work elucidates that introducing heteroatom and vacancy in metal phosphide collaboratively regulates the electron structure to accelerate bidirectional sulfur conversion.

关键词： Lithium sulfur batteries

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Brain endothelial cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathway in aging and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2005-2007页

作者： Bryan sun Lulin Li Jian Luo Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA Polytrauma System of Care VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathway has emerged as a key mediator of *** current studies primarily attribute its effects to neurons and glial cells,emerging research suggests that cGAS-STING signaling may play a critical role in cerebral vasculature,particularly in brain endothelial ***,studying the role 7of inflammation caused by the cGAS-STING pathway in brain endothelial cells could provide a more comprehensive understanding of neuroinflammatory disease and new avenues for therapeutic ***,we review the multifaceted role of global cGAS-STING signaling in various neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases and the potential contribution of cGAS-STING in brain endothelial cells.

关键词： stimulator interferon inflammation

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